The Potential Therapeutic Approaches To Improve Peripheral Nerve Functional Recovery From Injury
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The Potential Therapeutic Approaches To Improve Peripheral Nerve Functional Recovery From Injury
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Author : Kuang-Ching Chris Tseng
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
The Potential Therapeutic Approaches To Improve Peripheral Nerve Functional Recovery From Injury written by Kuang-Ching Chris Tseng and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
"Traumatic peripheral nerve crush injuries contribute a great deal of morbidity in patients and little improvement has been made in the treatment of these injuries in many years. Diagnosis and treatment of traumatic peripheral nerve damage suffer from a lack of means of accurately diagnosing the reasons for loss of nerve function and a lack of means of enhancing the time course of repair in injuries in which nerve function is lost for reasons other than axonal transection. In the current work, we demonstrate that administration of erythropoietin (EPO) shortens the time course of recovery after experimental crush injury to the mouse sciatic nerve. We found that systemic EPO administration maintained more myelinated axons at the site of injury in vivo following sciatic nerve crush. In vitro, EPO treatment promotes myelin formation and protects myelin from the effects of nitric oxide exposure in co-cultures of Schwann cells and dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. These results suggested local EPO application might also be effective in promoting functional recovery, which would avoid potential systemic side effects of systemic EPO administration. We therefore developed a novel local treatment for peripheral nerve injury of EPO delivered in a fibrin glue matrix at the site of injury. Local delivery was as effective as systemic EPO administration, and thus may provide a potentially useful approach to enhancing recovery in peripheral nerve injuries. We also demonstrate that a single administration of 4-aminopyridine (4-AP), which enables impulse conduction in demyelinated axons, transiently restores function and allows identification of injuries in which axons are intact but not functional. We further demonstrate that repeated 4-AP administration markedly improves the time course of recovery from crush injuries in the peripheral nerve as determined by behavioral and electophysiological analyses. Equal or greater efficacy is provided by localized delivery of slow-release formulations of 4-AP at the lesion site. In addition, we provide biochemical and ultrastructural evidence to show that repeated systemic 4-AP delivery and localized slow-release delivery enhance remyelination after injury. Thus, we provide a single therapeutic approach that addresses critical issues in diagnosing peripheral nerve injury and enhancing repair, and provides the first pharmacological approach to enhancing myelin repair. As 4-AP is already used in the clinic for treatment of multiple sclerosis, our approaches are highly suitable for rapid translation from the laboratory to clinical analysis"--Pages v-vi.
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
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Author : Giovanna Gambarotta
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-12-24
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration written by Giovanna Gambarotta and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-12-24 with categories.
Modern Concepts Of Peripheral Nerve Repair
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Author : Kirsten Haastert-Talini
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-06-19
Modern Concepts Of Peripheral Nerve Repair written by Kirsten Haastert-Talini and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-19 with Medical categories.
This book focuses on posttraumatic repair and reconstruction of peripheral nerves. Written by internationally respected specialists, it provides an overview of the challenges and the latest advances in diagnosis and treatment of traumatic peripheral nerve injuries. It presents an outline of state-of the-art procedures from diagnostics, including newest imaging techniques, over conventional and alternative surgical approaches to clinical follow-up and rehabilitation, including the latest concepts to improve functional recovery. The purely clinical topics are preceded by neuroanatomical principles and neurobiological events related to peripheral nerve transection injuries and followed by an outlook on current experimental developments in the area of biomaterials for artificial nerve grafts and peripheral nerve tissue engineering. Peripheral nerve injuries not only affect the nerve tissue at the site of injury, but also target tissue and parts of the central nervous system. They often have dramatic consequences for patients, including loss of sensory and motor functions combined with paresthesia or pain, and a reduced quality of life and ability to work. An adequate understanding of the procedures for proper decision-making and reconstructing peripheral nerves is therefore essential to ensure optimized functional recovery.
Cellular Biological Approaches To Treating Peripheral Nerve Injuries
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Author : P. J. Kingham
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015-05-22
Cellular Biological Approaches To Treating Peripheral Nerve Injuries written by P. J. Kingham and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-05-22 with categories.
Functional recovery after peripheral nerve injury is poor, and it has become clear that surgical reconstruction should be combined with novel therapies which address the problems of the limited rate and quantity of axonal regeneration, neuronal cell death and target organ atrophy. There is significant scope for the application of cellular and biological approaches towards peripheral nerve repair. This special topics issue begins with an introduction to the importance of Schwann cell-axon interactions which is followed by a series of papers highlighting the exciting therapeutic potential of various cell types including skin, adipose, bone marrow and hair follicle-derived adult stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and olfactory ensheathing cells. Another biological approach, the use of chondroitinase to overcome nerve scarring, is also described. Finally, noninvasive imaging methods, which will be necessary to determine the efficacy of these novel treatments, are reviewed. The publication will be of interest to a large number of interdisciplinary scientists including cell biologists, biomaterials scientists and chemists as well as surgeons who are involved in translational research aimed at improving the treatment of peripheral nerve injury.
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
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Author : Ana Colette Maurício
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2017-05-31
Peripheral Nerve Regeneration written by Ana Colette Maurício and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-31 with Science categories.
Peripheral nerve injuries are a high-incidence clinical problem that greatly affects patients' quality of life. Despite continuous refinement of microsurgery techniques, peripheral nerve repair still stands as one of the most challenging tasks in neurosurgery, as functional neuromuscular recovery is rarely satisfactory in these patients. Therefore, the improvement of surgical techniques and the clinical application of innovative therapies have been intensively studied worldwide. Direct nerve repair with epineural end-to-end sutures is still the gold standard treatment for severe neurotmesis injuries but only in cases where well-vascularized tension-free coaptation can be achieved. When peripheral nerve injury originates a significant gap between the nerve stumps, nerve grafts are required, with several associated disadvantages. Therefore, the development of scaffolds by tissue engineering can provide efficient treatment alternatives to stimulate optimum clinical outcome. Nerve conduit tailoring involves reaching ideal wall pores, using electrospinning techniques in their fabrication, surface coating with extracellular matrix materials, and adding of growth factors or cell-based therapies, among other possibilities. Also, intraluminal cues are employed such as the filling with hydrogels, inner surface modification, topographical design, and the introduction of neurotrophic factors, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories and other pharmacological agents. A comprehensive state of the art of surgical techniques, tissue-engineered nerve graft scaffolds, and their application in nerve regeneration, the advances in peripheral nerve repair and future perspectives will be discussed, including surgeons' and researchers' own large experience in this field of knowledge.
Spinal Cord Injury
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Author : Institute of Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2005-07-27
Spinal Cord Injury written by Institute of Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-07-27 with Medical categories.
An estimated 11,000 spinal cord injuries occur each year in the United States and more than 200,000 Americans suffer from maladies associated with spinal cord injury. This includes paralysis, bowel and bladder dysfunction, sexual dysfunction, respiratory impairment, temperature regulation problems, and chronic pain. During the last two decades, longstanding beliefs about the inability of the adult central nervous system to heal itself have been eroded by the flood of new information from research in the neurosciences and related fields. However, there are still no cures and the challenge of restoring function in the wake of spinal cord injuries remains extremely complex. Spinal Cord Injury examines the future directions for research with the goal to accelerate the development of cures for spinal cord injuries. While many of the recommendations are framed within the context of the specific needs articulated by the New York Spinal Cord Injury Research Board, the Institute of Medicine's panel of experts looked very broadly at research priorities relating to future directions for the field in general and make recommendations to strengthen and coordinate the existing infrastructure. Funders at federal and state agencies, academic organizations, pharmaceutical and device companies, and non-profit organizations will all find this book to be an essential resource as they examine their opportunities.
Indwelling Neural Implants
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Author : William M. Reichert
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2007-12-17
Indwelling Neural Implants written by William M. Reichert and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-17 with Medical categories.
Despite enormous advances made in the development of external effector prosthetics over the last quarter century, significant questions remain, especially those concerning signal degradation that occurs with chronically implanted neuroelectrodes. Offering contributions from pioneering researchers in neuroprosthetics and tissue repair, Indwel
Nerve Injuries And Their Repair
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Author : Sir Sydney Sunderland
language : en
Publisher: W.B. Saunders Company
Release Date : 1991
Nerve Injuries And Their Repair written by Sir Sydney Sunderland and has been published by W.B. Saunders Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Medical categories.
This volume provides an account of the development and the state-of-the-art in nerve injury and repair since the last edition in 1978. This is an update volume, not a new edition.
Surgical Disorders Of The Peripheral Nerves
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Author : Rolfe Birch
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-01-21
Surgical Disorders Of The Peripheral Nerves written by Rolfe Birch and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-01-21 with Medical categories.
Since the highly praised first edition of Surgical Disorders of the Peripheral Nerves was published in 1998, greater understanding of the the molecular and cellular events which underlie the response of nerves to injury, regeneration and neuropathic pain has been achieved. This second edition has been fully updated in line with new clinical knowledge, and also incorporates the extensive study of thousands of surgical case studies spanning repairs of the supraclavicular plexus in the adult, the birth lesion of the brachial plexus,compound nerve injury and iatrogenous injury. Beginning with the fundamentals of the anatomy and function of the peripheral nervous system, and working its way through various types of injury, operative methods, the regeneration and recovery of nerves, surgical reconstruction, pain, and rehabilitation, this eloquently written work provides the reader with the solid understanding required to successfully perform surgery on the peripheral nervous system. Dr Shelagh Smith, joined by Dr Ravi Knight, has rewritten the chapter Electrodiagnosis. Professor Tara Renton has written a new chapter on injuries to the trigeminal nerve in maxilla-facial and dental work. The drawings, by Mr Philip Wilson, are new. Most of the 700 illustrations are also new. This thorough and authoritative look at the surgical treatment of the peripheral nerves is fully illustrated throughout with exquisite line diagrams and clear, instructive photographs.
Brain Repair After Stroke
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Author : Steven C. Cramer
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-10-28
Brain Repair After Stroke written by Steven C. Cramer and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-28 with Medical categories.
Increasing evidence identifies the possibility of restoring function to the damaged brain via exogenous therapies. One major target for these advances is stroke, where most patients can be left with significant disability. Treatments have the potential to improve the victim's quality of life significantly and reduce the time and expense of rehabilitation. Brain Repair After Stroke reviews the biology of spontaneous brain repair after stroke in animal models and in humans. Detailed chapters cover the many forms of therapy being explored to promote brain repair and consider clinical trial issues in this context. This book provides a summary of the neurobiology of innate and treatment-induced repair mechanisms after hypoxia and reviews the state of the art for human therapeutics in relation to promoting behavioral recovery after stroke. Essential reading for stroke physicians, neurologists, rehabilitation physicians and neuropsychologists.