The Poverty Of The Linnaean Hierarchy
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The Poverty Of The Linnaean Hierarchy
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Author : Marc Ereshefsky
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2000-11-27
The Poverty Of The Linnaean Hierarchy written by Marc Ereshefsky and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-27 with Science categories.
The question of whether biologists should continue to use the Linnaean hierarchy has been a hotly debated issue. Invented before the introduction of evolutionary theory, Linnaeus's system of classifying organisms is based on outdated theoretical assumptions, and is thought to be unable to provide accurate biological classifications. Marc Ereshefsky argues that biologists should abandon the Linnaean system and adopt an alternative that is more in line with evolutionary theory. He traces the evolution of the Linnaean hierarchy from its introduction to the present. He illustrates how the continued use of this system hampers our ability to classify the organic world, and then goes on to make specific recommendations for a post-Linnaean method of classification. Accessible to a wide range of readers by providing introductory chapters to the philosophy of classification and the taxonomy of biology, the book will interest both scholars and students of biology and the philosophy of science.
The Poverty Of The Linnaean Hierarchy
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Author : Marc Ereshefsky
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2000-11-27
The Poverty Of The Linnaean Hierarchy written by Marc Ereshefsky and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-11-27 with Science categories.
The question of whether biologists should continue to use the Linnaean hierarchy is a hotly debated issue. Invented before the introduction of evolutionary theory, Linnaeus' system of classifying organisms is based on outdated theoretical assumptions, and is thought to be unable to provide accurate biological classifications. Ereshefsky argues that biologists should abandon the Linnaean system and adopt an alternative that is more in line with evolutionary theory. He illustrates how the continued use of this system hampers our ability to classify the organic world, and then goes on to make specific recommendations for a post-Linnaean method of classification.
Hierarchical Evolutionary Developmental Theory
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Author : Carlos Ochoa
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-06-23
Hierarchical Evolutionary Developmental Theory written by Carlos Ochoa and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-06-23 with Science categories.
This book introduces a new evolutionary model called “Hierarchical Evolutionary-Developmental Theory” or “H-Evo-Devo Theory.” This theory proposes that the organism’s internal properties reflect entities that are highly integrated in developmental terms that evolve hierarchically. In other words, it attempts to demonstrate that developmental constraints operate at different scales, producing distinct states of morphological stability reflected as subspecies, species, higher taxa, and homologues, all representing units of evolution. In addition, it reintroduces the concept of the “organism” in evolutionary biology, supports a strictly macroevolutionary view, and contemplates alternative evolutionary rates, processes, and mechanisms at different levels: microevolution, macroevolution, megaevolution, and modular-evolution. In short, this book establishes a new synthesis between systematics, morphology, and evolution, suggesting a significant shift in evolutionary thought. The book comprises: 1. A proposal for a new theory of evolution and systematics: The H-Evo-Devo Theory reinterprets the concepts of subspecies, species, higher taxa, and homologues, proposing that the phylogenetic tree is built on a hierarchy of types, developed from the top-down, in contrast to the traditional bottom-up approach. 2. A novel hierarchical perspective that reveals the underlying mechanisms acting on the patterns of divergence, stability, and extinction of the units of evolution. 3. A resolution to the ontological problem regarding units of evolution (e.g., the reality of species and higher taxa). 4. A historical narrative that focuses on the development of a hierarchy theory of evolution grounded in the type concept and the significance of an organism-centered perspective. 5. A challenge to traditional frameworks that have sought to establish hierarchies in an evolutionary context. 6. A challenge to classical evolutionary statements such as gradualism, punctuated equilibrium, the extrapolationist premise, and geographical models of speciation. This book is written for those who feel that radical change is needed in evolutionary theory, offering them a viable alternative.
The Erotic Life Of Manuscripts
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Author : Yii-Jan Lin
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2016-01-04
The Erotic Life Of Manuscripts written by Yii-Jan Lin and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-01-04 with Religion categories.
Since the New Testament's inception as written text, its manuscripts have been subject to all the dangers of history: scribal error, emendation, injury, and total destruction. The traditional goal of modern textual criticism has been to reconstruct an "original text" from surviving manuscripts, adjudicating among all the variant texts resulting from the slips, additions, and embellishments of scribal hand-copying. Because of the way manuscripts circulate and give rise to new copies, it can be said that they have an "erotic" life: they mate and breed, bear offspring, and generate families and descendants. New Testament textual critics of the eighteenth century who began to use this language to group texts into families and genealogies were not pioneering new approaches, but rather borrowing the metaphors and methods of natural scientists. Texts began to be classified into "families, tribes, and nations," and later were racialized as "African" or "Asian," with distinguishable "textual physiognomies" and "textual complexions." The Erotic Life of Manuscripts explores this curious relationship between the field of New Testament textual criticism and the biological sciences, beginning with the eighteenth century and extending into the present. While these biological metaphors have been powerful tools for textual critics, they also produce problematic understandings of textual "purity" and agency, with the use of scientific discourse artificially separating the work of textual criticism from literary interpretation. Yii-Jan Lin shows how the use of biological classification, genealogy, evolutionary theory, and phylogenetics has shaped-and limited-the goals of New Testament textual criticism, the greatest of which is the establishment of an authoritative, original text. She concludes by proposing new metaphors for the field.
Organizing The Green World A Conceptual History Of Botanical Classification
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Author : Tod F. Stuessy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2025-09-02
Organizing The Green World A Conceptual History Of Botanical Classification written by Tod F. Stuessy and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-09-02 with Science categories.
This book focuses on plant systematics and evolution, with special interest on the history and philosophy of botanical classification. Tracing the history of how humans have dealt with ordering the plant world is very much a glimpse of how human culture and science have progressed over the past 2000 years. The objective in this book is to present ideas on plant classification beginning with classical Greek and Roman scholars, through the Middle Ages, into the Renaissance, and finally to the modern 21st century. Significant quantitative methods in classification have originated within the past 70 years, which have never before been integrated with previous historical perspectives. Most textbooks of systematic botany contain an historical introduction or perhaps a chapter on the history of classification, but this book presents much greater detail on the classifications themselves and the cultural dimensions of the different time periods. Biographical detail is also provided to give a better appreciation of the individual botanists who have contributed new ideas in the search for maximally predictive systems.
Focus On Biodiversity Research
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Author : Jan Schwartz
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2007
Focus On Biodiversity Research written by Jan Schwartz and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Science categories.
Biological diversity, or "biodiversity," refers to the variety of all life on earth, and the complex relationships among living things, and between living things and their environment. Biodiversity includes genetic variety, species diversity, and variability in communities, ecosystems and landscapes. Biodiversity sustains the environments in which we live and on which our lives and those of every other living creature on Earth depend. Thanks to biodiversity, we are able to obtain such necessary goods as food, clothing, medicine, and fuel. Equally important are the ecosystem services that biodiversity provides, such as clean air and drinkable water. Conservation scientists have identified a number of universal threats to biodiversity: habitat loss and degradation, invasive species, pollution, overpopulation, overexploitation and consumption, and global climate change. This book examines critical issues in this field from researchers around the globe.
Power Of Position
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Author : Robert D. Montoya
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2022-05-24
Power Of Position written by Robert D. Montoya and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-24 with Science categories.
How biodiversity classification, with its ranking of species, has social and political implications as well as implications for the field of information studies. The idea that species live in nature as pure and clear-cut named individuals is a fiction, as scientists well know. According to Robert D. Montoya, classifications are powerful mechanisms and we must better attend to the machinations of power inherent in them, as well as to how the effects of this power proliferate beyond the boundaries of their original intent. We must acknowledge the many ways our classifications are implicated in environmental, ecological, and social justice work—and information specialists must play a role in updating our notions of what it means to classify. In Power of Position, Montoya shows how classifications are systems that relate one entity with other entities, requiring those who construct a system to value an entity’s relative importance—by way of its position—within a system of other entities. These practices, says Montoya, are important ways of constituting and exerting power. Classification also has very real-world consequences. An animal classified as protected and endangered, for example, is protected by law. Montoya also discusses the Catalogue of Life, a new kind of composite classification that reconciles many local (“traditional”) taxonomies, forming a unified taxonomic backbone structure for organizing biological data. Finally, he shows how the theories of information studies are applicable to realms far beyond those of biological classification.
Theories Of Informetrics And Scholarly Communication
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Author : Cassidy R. Sugimoto
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2016-02-22
Theories Of Informetrics And Scholarly Communication written by Cassidy R. Sugimoto and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-22 with Social Science categories.
Scientometrics have become an essential element in the practice and evaluation of science and research, including both the evaluation of individuals and national assessment exercises. Yet, researchers and practitioners in this field have lacked clear theories to guide their work. As early as 1981, then doctoral student Blaise Cronin published "The need for a theory of citing" —a call to arms for the fledgling scientometric community to produce foundational theories upon which the work of the field could be based. More than three decades later, the time has come to reach out the field again and ask how they have responded to this call. This book compiles the foundational theories that guide informetrics and scholarly communication research. It is a much needed compilation by leading scholars in the field that gathers together the theories that guide our understanding of authorship, citing, and impact.
Psychopathy
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Author : Luca Malatesti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2021-12-14
Psychopathy written by Luca Malatesti and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-14 with Medical categories.
This book explains the ethical and conceptual tensions in the use of psychopathy in different countries, including America, Canada, the UK, Croatia, Australia, and New Zealand. It offers an extensive critical analysis of how psychopathy functions within institutional and social contexts. Inside, readers will find innovative interdisciplinary analysis, written by leading international experts. The chapters explore how different countries have used this diagnosis. A central concern is whether psychopathy is a mental disorder, and this has a bearing upon whether it should be used. The book’s case studies will help readers understand the problems associated with psychopathy. Academics and students working in the philosophy of psychiatry, bioethics, and moral psychology will find it a valuable resource. In addition, it will also appeal to mental health professionals working in forensic settings, psychologists with an interest in the ethical implications of the use of psychopathy as a construct and particularly those with a research interest in it.
Organization Of Insect Societies
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Author : Jürgen Gadau
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2009-02-28
Organization Of Insect Societies written by Jürgen Gadau and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-28 with Medical categories.
In this landmark volume, an international group of scientists has synthesized their collective expertise and insight into a newly unified vision of insect societies and what they can reveal about how sociality has arisen as an evolutionary strategy. Jürgen Gadau and Jennifer Fewell have assembled leading researchers from the fields of molecular biology, evolutionary genetics, neurophysiology, behavioral ecology, and evolutionary theory to reexamine the question of sociality in insects. Recent advances in social complexity theory and the sequencing of the honeybee genome ensure that this book will be valued by anyone working on sociality in insects. At the same time, the theoretical ideas presented will be of broad-ranging significance to those interested in social evolution and complex systems.