The Psychology Of Deductive Reasoning Psychology Revivals
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The Psychology Of Deductive Reasoning Psychology Revivals
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Author : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-12-19
The Psychology Of Deductive Reasoning Psychology Revivals written by Jonathan St. B. T. Evans and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-19 with Psychology categories.
Originally published in 1982, this was an extensive and up-to-date review of research into the psychology of deductive reasoning, Jonathan Evans presents an alternative theoretical framework to the rationalist approach which had dominated much of the published work in this field at the time. The review falls into three sections. The first is concerned with elementary reasoning tasks, in which response latency is the prime measure of interest. The second and third sections are concerned with syllogistic and propositional reasoning respectively, in which interest has focused on the explanation of frequently observed logical errors. In an extended discussion it is argued that reasoning processes are content specific, and give little indication of the operation of any underlying system of logical competence. Finally, a dual process theory of reasoning, with broad implications and connections with other fields of psychology, is elaborated and assessed in the light of recent evidence.
The Psychology Of Deductive Reasoning Psychology Revivals
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Author : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-12-19
The Psychology Of Deductive Reasoning Psychology Revivals written by Jonathan St. B. T. Evans and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-19 with Psychology categories.
Originally published in 1982, this was an extensive and up-to-date review of research into the psychology of deductive reasoning, Jonathan Evans presents an alternative theoretical framework to the rationalist approach which had dominated much of the published work in this field at the time. The review falls into three sections. The first is concerned with elementary reasoning tasks, in which response latency is the prime measure of interest. The second and third sections are concerned with syllogistic and propositional reasoning respectively, in which interest has focused on the explanation of frequently observed logical errors. In an extended discussion it is argued that reasoning processes are content specific, and give little indication of the operation of any underlying system of logical competence. Finally, a dual process theory of reasoning, with broad implications and connections with other fields of psychology, is elaborated and assessed in the light of recent evidence.
Thinking And Reasoning Psychology Revivals
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Author : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-12-19
Thinking And Reasoning Psychology Revivals written by Jonathan St. B. T. Evans and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-19 with Psychology categories.
The subject of thinking is the oldest in the whole science of psychology, going back to well before the separation of the disciplines of philosophy and psychology. Originally published in 1983, this collection of up-to-date critical essays about thinking – with particular emphasis on reasoning – is written from the perspective of psychologists who are themselves actively engaged in research into the nature of human thought. The editor’s introduction identifies the major issues which have traditionally concerned students of human thought, and provides an historical background. It describes how at first the subject was studied by introspection, and how this method fell into disrepute at the end of last century. A satisfactory alternative has not yet emerged, although much recent work is based on the information-processing model, which sees the brain as a sophisticated computer. Consequently the papers presented in this volume deal with a wide range of issues, and a number of different experimental tasks and paradigms. They cover most current approaches to the theory and methodology of cognitive psychology, including problem solving, the relationship between language and thought, and reasoning.
Human Reasoning
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Author : Ruth M.J. Byrne
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2019-06-18
Human Reasoning written by Ruth M.J. Byrne and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-18 with Psychology categories.
Deductive reasoning is widely regarded as an activity central to human intelligence, and as such has attracted an increasing amount of psychological study in recent years. In this first major survey of the field for over a decade, the authors provide a detailed and balanced review of all the main kinds of deductive reasoning task studied by psychologists. Topics covered include conditional and disjunctive reasoning, the Wason selection task, relational inference and reasoning with syllogisms and quantifiers. Throughout the review, a careful distinction is drawn between the main empirical findings in the field and the major theoretical approaches proposed to account for these findings. Discussion of experimental findings is organized around three central questions: What is the extent and limitation of human competence in deductive reasoning? What factors are responsible for systematic errors and biases on reasoning tasks? How is human reasoning influenced by the content in which logical problems are presented? Four major classes of theory are discussed throughout the book. The long established theory that people have a mental logic comprised of formal rules of inference is contrasted particularly with the recently developed mental model theory of deductive reasoning. Explanations of many phenomena, especially biases, are also considered in terms of heuristic processes. Finally, consideration is given to accounts of content and context effects based upon the use of domain sensitive rules or schemas. The book ends with a discussion of research on deductive reasoning in the context of the current debate about human rationality.
Revival The Psychology Of Reasoning 1923
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Author : Eugenio Rignano
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-05-08
Revival The Psychology Of Reasoning 1923 written by Eugenio Rignano and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-05-08 with Psychology categories.
This Book owes its origin to the indefinable sense of uneasiness and discontent into which I was thrown by the perusal of some of the best treatises on Logic. These treatises had failed to explain the nature of the logical or reasoning faculty, though purporting to indicate the laws which govern its proper functioning. Even the work of John Stuart Mill, which still remains in my opinion the best, was no more convincing than the rest. And the more I read of such books the less satisfied I became and the stonger became my desire to understand clearly what constituted reasoning. As for the psychologists I found to my surprise that they either omitted reasoning altogether, or alluded to it in a most superficial manner.
Reasoning Representation And Process
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Author : Rachel Joffe Falmagne
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2015-06-18
Reasoning Representation And Process written by Rachel Joffe Falmagne and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-18 with Psychology categories.
Originally published in 1975, this volume contains original reports of new models and data in the areas of propositional reasoning, syllogistic reasoning, and transitive inference in children and adults of the time. A wide range of theoretical viewpoints is represented, and an effort is made to integrate the models and empirical findings, as well as place them in a common perspective and elucidate the general issues and questions relevant to these various approaches. The study of logical reasoning was undergoing rapid expansion at the time and this volume brings together the latest thinking in the area, in such a way that the relation between Piagetian and non-Piagetian traditions are examined, as well as the connection between the study of reasoning and the area of linguistic inquiry. The discussions of metatheoretical issues, such as the notion of logical competence and separability of representation and logical processing, as regards the various models presented herein, made this volume required reading for all those interested in reasoning in children and adults at the time.
The Psychology Of Proof
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Author : Lance J. Rips
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 2003-01-01
The Psychology Of Proof written by Lance J. Rips and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-01 with Psychology categories.
Lance Rips describes a unified theory of natural deductive reasoning and fashions a working model of deduction, with strong experimental support, that is capable of playing a central role in mental life. In this provocative book, Lance Rips describes a unified theory of natural deductive reasoning and fashions a working model of deduction, with strong experimental support, that is capable of playing a central role in mental life. Rips argues that certain inference principles are so central to our notion of intelligence and rationality that they deserve serious psychological investigation to determine their role in individuals' beliefs and conjectures. Asserting that cognitive scientists should consider deductive reasoning as a basis for thinking, Rips develops a theory of natural reasoning abilities and shows how it predicts mental successes and failures in a range of cognitive tasks. In parts I and II of the book, Rips builds insights from cognitive psychology, logic, and artificial intelligence into a unified theoretical structure. He defends the idea that deduction depends on the ability to construct mental proofs—actual memory units that link given information to conclusions it warrants. From this base Rips develops a computational model of deduction based on two cognitive skills: the ability to make suppositions or assumptions and the ability to posit sub-goals for conclusions. A wide variety of original experiments support this model, including studies of human subjects evaluating logical arguments as well as following and remembering proofs. Unlike previous theories of mental proof, this one handles names and variables in a general way. This capability enables deduction to play a crucial role in other thought processes, such as classifying and problem solving. In part III, Rips compares the theory to earlier approaches in psychology which confined the study of deduction to a small group of tasks, and examines whether the theory is too rational or too irrational in its mode of thought.
Deductive Reasoning And Strategies
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Author : Walter Schaeken
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 1999-11
Deductive Reasoning And Strategies written by Walter Schaeken and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-11 with Education categories.
This book brings together both theoretical and empirical research directed toward the role of strategies in deductive reasoning. It offers the first systematic attempt to discuss the role of strategies for deductive reasoning. The empirical chapters correspond well with the main issues in the study of deduction, namely propositional reasoning, spatial reasoning, and syllogistic reasoning. In addition, several chapters present a theoretical analysis of deduction, related to the concept strategy. The book also presents data about the role of strategies for statistical and social reasoning. This book will be of interest to researchers and students of cognitive psychology. It will also be of value to people working in Artificial Intelligence, because it highlights results on how humans use strategies while tackling deductive puzzles.
Thinking And Reasoning Psychology Revivals
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Author : Jonathan St. B. T. Evans
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2013-12-19
Thinking And Reasoning Psychology Revivals written by Jonathan St. B. T. Evans and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-19 with Psychology categories.
The subject of thinking is the oldest in the whole science of psychology, going back to well before the separation of the disciplines of philosophy and psychology. Originally published in 1983, this collection of up-to-date critical essays about thinking – with particular emphasis on reasoning – is written from the perspective of psychologists who are themselves actively engaged in research into the nature of human thought. The editor’s introduction identifies the major issues which have traditionally concerned students of human thought, and provides an historical background. It describes how at first the subject was studied by introspection, and how this method fell into disrepute at the end of last century. A satisfactory alternative has not yet emerged, although much recent work is based on the information-processing model, which sees the brain as a sophisticated computer. Consequently the papers presented in this volume deal with a wide range of issues, and a number of different experimental tasks and paradigms. They cover most current approaches to the theory and methodology of cognitive psychology, including problem solving, the relationship between language and thought, and reasoning.
Psychology Of Reasoning
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Author : Ken Manktelow
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2004-09-02
Psychology Of Reasoning written by Ken Manktelow and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-09-02 with Psychology categories.
This collection brings together a set of specially commissioned chapters from leading international researchers in the psychology of reasoning. Its purpose is to explore the historical, philosophical and theoretical implications of the development of this field. Taking the unusual approach of engaging not only with empirical data but also with the ideas and concepts underpinning the psychology of reasoning, this volume has important implications both for psychologists and other students of cognition, including philosophers. Sub-fields covered include mental logic, mental models, rational analysis, social judgement theory, game theory and evolutionary theory. There are also specific chapters dedicated to the history of syllogistic reasoning, the psychology of reasoning as it operates in scientific theory and practice, Brunswickian approaches to reasoning and task environments, and the implications of Popper's philosophy for models of behaviour testing. This cross-disciplinary dialogue and the range of material covered makes this an invaluable reference for students and researchers into the psychology and philosophy of reasoning.