The Psychology Of Person Identification
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The Psychology Of Person Identification
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Author : Brian R. Clifford
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-03-27
The Psychology Of Person Identification written by Brian R. Clifford and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-27 with Psychology categories.
Originally published in 1978, the laws and procedures governing person identification parades, photofit pictures and the forms of questions asked to obtain a description, had been increasingly called into question. The problem had been highlighted by several well publicised court cases, and considered by the Devlin Committee. This book reviews the status of psychological knowledge at the time concerning the many aspects of person identification and scientifically evaluates the methods and procedures used. Contrary to the popular belief that identification is a simple affair, the authors use the theory and method of psychology to reveal the sources of the difficulties involved in recognising a once-seen person. Estimates of just how good a witness can be are drawn from laboratory studies using face photographs, from mock crime incidents, and from actual criminal cases, for reliability varies markedly in each of these three situations. Both an individual and a social perspective is taken of the eye-witnesses, and research into perception and memory, together with individual differences in such things as cognitive style, personality, suggestibility, age, sex, and ability to form both eidetic and memory images, are examined. The social aspects of stereotypes, the presence of other witnesses and the desire to be a ‘good witness’ are all discussed at length. Finally an extended examination of the possibility of voice parades and changes in identification procedures, together with man-machine interaction techniques, is undertaken.
Personal Identification
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Author : Addison Wesley School
language : en
Publisher: Scott Foresman
Release Date : 1991-02-01
Personal Identification written by Addison Wesley School and has been published by Scott Foresman this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991-02-01 with categories.
The Psychology Of Eyewitness Identification
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Author : James Michael Lampinen
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2012-04-27
The Psychology Of Eyewitness Identification written by James Michael Lampinen and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-04-27 with Psychology categories.
This volume provides a tutorial review and evaluation of scientific research on the accuracy and reliability of eyewitness identification. The book starts with the perspective that there are a variety of conceptual and empirical problems with eyewitness identification as a form of forensic evidence, just as there are a variety of problems with other forms of forensic evidence. There is then an examination of the important results in the study of eyewitness memory and the implications of this research for psychological theory and for social and legal policy. The volume takes the perspective that research on eyewitness identification can be seen as the paradigmatic example of how psychological science can be successfully applied to real-world problems.
A Theory Of Action Identification
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Author : Robin R. Vallacher
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-04-04
A Theory Of Action Identification written by Robin R. Vallacher and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-04-04 with Psychology categories.
First published in 1985. A person may be caught in the midst of a patently ridiculous act, interrupted in a moment of apparent confusion, or even aroused from sleep, and yet respond to a query of What are you doing? with remarkable ease. The answer that is given is an identification of action. It is the central idea of this book that such action identifications perform pivotal functions in a broad range of psychological and social processes.
Identification And Character
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Author : Howard Kamler
language : en
Publisher: SUNY Press
Release Date : 1994-01-01
Identification And Character written by Howard Kamler and has been published by SUNY Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-01-01 with Psychology categories.
This book tells the reader all about psychological identification, the single most important process for becoming, maintaining, or changing who we are as characters. The book's emphasis, though, is decidedly on identification's role in our becoming who we are. It is one thing for people to have an image of who they are or of who they would like to be, it is quite another for them to actually become that image. Through genuinely identifying with these sorts of things, we turn what otherwise would be mere mental pictures of traits into character traits that we psychologically own. Readable to laypersons as well as to academicians, this book offers a new perspective for understanding the formation and nature of human character. Kamler also discusses some important issues in psychoanalysis and philosophy. He clarifies the current psychoanalytic debate about identification's place among the primitive processes of self development; offers new ways of looking at the relationship between the infant self and the adult character; and addresses topics such as personal identity and identity crisis. In addition, the book speaks to a current philosophical debate about the fundamental nature of self, offering the author's own thesis and showing how all the protagonists in the discussion share a basically flawed position about the role that having values plays in our being persons.
Psychological Issues In Eyewitness Identification
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Author : Siegfried L. Sporer
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-06-03
Psychological Issues In Eyewitness Identification written by Siegfried L. Sporer and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-06-03 with Psychology categories.
Why do police officers, investigators, prosecutors, judges, and others with an interest in eliciting accurate memory-based testimony need to inform themselves of the research literature in experimental psychology that addresses the question of witness memory? The answer is straightforward, from the perspective of a simple cost/benefit analysis. As with so many matters in the administration of public funds, effectiveness holds important rewards. Those who investigate crimes and decide which line of investigation to pursue and which line to postpone or set aside, necessarily make judgments about the likely guilt of suspects based on the information at hand. If they can make these judgments with a high degree of accuracy, everyone benefits. For many cases eyewitness identification is an important component of evidence, prosecution, and plea negotiation. If witness identification is correctly implemented, investigators and prosecutors can make their judgments effectively, and focus their resources more efficiently. A major component of effectiveness requires avoiding expending scarce resources on erroneous prosecutions. It is in everyone's interest to make the best use of the memory of witnesses: to preserve it without changing it; to render it maximally accessible; to provide an environment in which witnesses feel free to report their recollections; and to accurately assess the probable validity of the witness's report, regardless of the witness's certainty or doubts about its accuracy. This volume gathers evidence from various research domains on eyewitness testimony. Although many of the studies discussed deal with eyewitness identification, it is noteworthy that many of them also touch upon other areas of concern to eyewitness researchers, including chapters on: *voice recognition by humans and computers, with particularly detailed instructions on conducting voice "lineup," *differential aspects of recognition memory in children, *elderly eyewitness' memory, *problems of cross-racial identification, *psychological aspects of facial image reconstruction techniques, *person descriptions, *particular benefits of reinstating context as a means to improve eyewitness memory, *problems associated with various research paradigms in the eyewitness arena, and *recommendations on how to conduct lineups and photospreads and their proper evaluation. Differentiated from other literature on this topic by its non-technical language and accessibility to non-professionals, this volume covers a great deal of ground, raises a host of questions, settles some others, and points the way to more effective use and evaluation of what eyewitnesses have to say.
Self And Identity
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Author : Yoshihisa Kashima
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2002-04-01
Self And Identity written by Yoshihisa Kashima and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-04-01 with Psychology categories.
This edited volume outlines the latest meta-theoretical and theoretical contexts of self-research. Self and Identity examines theoretical accounts of human experience within the contemporary socio-cultural milieu and attempts to answer the question of what it means to be human. It provides a clear structure within which to conceptualize contemporary empirical research on self and identity in terms of personal, social, and symbolic aspects. In so doing, it identifies the symbolic aspect as an emerging area of contemporary significance. Featuring contributions from a distinguished group of scholars and therapists, the book is organized into four parts. The editors provide section introductions to demonstrate how each chapter relates to the book's overall theme, as well as how the chapter authors responded to the editors' charge to go beyond the social cognitive theory of the self. Part I describes the current meta-theoretical context of self-research, the editors' interpretation of the social cognitive approach to the self, and an emerging alternative theory, the Connectionist Approach. Part II highlights personal perspectives on selfhood, Part III focuses on social perspectives, and Part IV reviews symbolic processes. The concluding chapter reviews the book's major themes with overlapping themes and intellectual disputes. The book is intended for graduate students and researchers in social and personality psychology interested in self and identity and self-research. It may also be used as a supplemental text in advanced-level courses on self and identity.
The Oxford Handbook Of Personality And Social Psychology
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Author : Kay Deaux
language : en
Publisher: Oxford Library of Psychology
Release Date : 2018
The Oxford Handbook Of Personality And Social Psychology written by Kay Deaux and has been published by Oxford Library of Psychology this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with Psychology categories.
Personality and social psychology : moving toward a more perfect union / Mark Snyder and Kay Deaux -- Foundations of personality and social psychology -- The intertwined histories of personality and social psychology / Thomas F. Pettigrew -- Perspectives on the person: rapid growth and opportunities for integration / William Fleeson and Eranda Jayawickreme -- Perspectives on the situation / Harry T. Reis and John G. Holmes -- Neuroscience approaches in social and personality psychology / David M. Amodio, Eddie Harmon-Jones, and Elliot T. Berkman -- Evolutionary perspectives / Steven W. Gangestad -- Context in person, person in context : a cultural psychology approach to social-personality psychology / Glenn Adams and Tugçe Kurtis -- Behavior and behavior assessment / Janice R. Kelly and Christopher R. Agnew -- Conceptual and methodological issues in the analysis of cross-sectional and longitudinal dyadic data / Deborah A. Kashy and M. Brent Donellan -- Multilevel modeling in personality and social psychology / Oliver Christ, Christopher G. Sibley, and Ulrich Wagner -- Basic processes of personality and social psychology -- The self : dynamics of persons and their situations / Jennifer Crocker and Eddie Brummelman -- Identity : personal and social / Vivian L. Vignoles -- Morality / Jesse Graham and Piercarlo Valdesolo -- Motivation and goal pursuit : integration across the social/personality divide / Julie K. Norem -- Five questions about emotion: implications for social-personality psychology / Gerald L. Clore and Michael D. Robinson -- Cybernetic approaches to personality and social behavior / Colin G. DeYoung and Yanna J. Weisberg -- Initial impressions of others / James S. Uleman and S. Adil Saribay -- Attitudes and attitude change : social and personality considerations about specific and general patterns of behavior / Dolores Albarracin, Man-pui Sally Chan, and Duo Jiang -- From help-giving to helping relations : belongingness and independence in social interactions / Arie Nadler -- Antisocial behavior in individuals and groups : an empathy-focused approach / Emanuele Castano and David C. Kidd -- Personality and social interaction : interpenetrating processes / Rodolfo Mendoza-Denton, Jordan B. Leitner, and Ozlem Ayduk -- Attachment theory expanded : a behavioral systems approach to personality and social behavior / Mario Mikulincer and Phillip R. Shaver -- Person-by-situation perspectives on close relationships / Jeffry A. Simpson and Heike A. Winterheld -- Personality influences on group processes : the past, present, and future / Craig D. Parks -- Intergroup processes : from prejudice to positive relations between groups / Linda R.Tropp and Ludwin E. Molina -- Power as active self : from acquisition to the expression and use of power / Ana Guinote and Serena Chen -- Personality and social psychology in key life domains -- Personality, social psychology, and psychopathology : reflections on a lewinian vsion / Philip R. Costanzo, Rick H. Hoyle, and Mark R. Leary -- Individual and societal well-being / Shigehiro Oishi and Samantha J. Heintzelman -- Multicultural identity and experiences : cultural, social, and personality processes / Verónica Benet-Martínez and Angela-MinhTu D. Nguyen -- Personality and social contexts as sources of change and continuity across the life span / Abigail J. Stewart and Kay Deaux -- The social psychology of personality and leadership : a person-in-situation perspective / Daan van Knippenberg -- Work and organizations: contextualizing personality and social psychology / Deidra J. Schleicher and David V. Day -- A person x intervention strategy approach to understanding health behavior / Alexander J. Rothman and Austin S. Baldwin -- Forensic personality and social psychology / Saul Kassin and Margaret Bull Kovera -- The psychology of collective action / Lauren E. Duncan -- Social policy: barriers and opportunities for personality and social psychology / Allen M. Omoto -- Conclusion -- Personality and social psychology : the evolving state of the union / Kay Deaux and Mark Snyder
I
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Author : Jonathan Glover
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1991
I written by Jonathan Glover and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Identity (Psychology) categories.
Forensic Facial Identification
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Author : Tim Valentine
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-06-22
Forensic Facial Identification written by Tim Valentine and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-06-22 with Psychology categories.
Forensic Facial Identification “A broad view of contemporary eyewitness research in both traditional and emerging areas. The international cast of contributors particularly highlights the interplay between law and research across countries — with lessons for all.” Steven D. Penrod, Distinguished Professor, John Jay College of Criminal Justice “At an age where we are relying more than ever on facial identification to ensure public safety, this volume represents an important milestone in ensuring our decisions are informed by the latest developments in technology and science. International experts provide practitioners with an exhaustive review of the tools needed to identify and investigate cases relying on facial identification, be they terror suspects or victims of disaster. What is unique about this book is that experts are encouraged to learn from mistakes made in the past and to equip themselves with theory and science to enable them to best use identification evidence to avoid miscarriages of justice. An outstanding contribution to the field.” Amina Memon, Professor of Psychology Royal Holloway, University of London Forensic Facial Identification provides an up-to-date set of best practices for professionals using eyewitness identification to solve crimes of all kinds. The book brings together a prominent group of contributors to discuss the latest scientific and technical advancements and their implications for practice. The contributors review current procedures for various facial identification methods and discuss their use and reliability. The chapters examine traditional forms of eyewitness identification, such as mugshots and line-ups, but also delve into newer technologies, such as facial identification using CCTV images and computerized automatic face recognition systems. Detailed case studies help put the latest research and technology in the proper legal context. Bridging the fields of psychology, criminology, and law, this essential volume, part of the Wiley Series in Crime, Policing and Law, is for those wishing to stay at the cutting-edge of this expanding and changing field.