The Rationality Of Preference Construction And The Irrationality Of Rational Choice
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The Rationality Of Preference Construction And The Irrationality Of Rational Choice
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Author : Claire A. Hill
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
The Rationality Of Preference Construction And The Irrationality Of Rational Choice written by Claire A. Hill and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Economists typically assume that preferences are fixed - that people know what they like and how much they like it relative to all other things, and that this rank-ordering is stable over time. But this assumption has never been accepted by any other discipline. Economists are increasingly having difficulty arguing that the assumption is true enough to generate useful predictions and explanations. Indeed, law and economics scholars increasingly acknowledge that preferences are constructed, and that the law itself can help construct preferences. Still, fixed preferences are often treated as a normative ideal: Even if people don't have fixed preferences, they should. Behavioral law and economics scholars offer approaches to deal with this normative shortcoming. My article argues that preference construction, properly understood, is not normatively undesirable. Having fixed preferences means having a complete and stable rank ordering of what we want that dictates our choices. But we often do not have such an ordering, and rationally so. My article argues instead for an alternative process-based, account of preference construction. Rather than having a complete rank ordering, we have ways of making choices. We construct narratives, using evaluative criteria against a backdrop of wants, desires and inclinations, some of which we rank order and some of which we do not. The evaluative criteria embed a consideration of transaction costs: critically, where a decision is not very consequential, a formulaic decision rule that permits a ready choice among roughly comparable alternatives may serve our purposes better than a more considered alternative-by-alternative assessment. Our wants, desires and inclinations are for both traditional objects of choice and higher order values and desires; they are both previously constructed and constructed and elicited in the choice-making process. My article makes the case for such an account's potential explanatory power, as well as its tractability.
Rational Choice
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Author : Jon Elster
language : en
Publisher: NYU Press
Release Date : 1986-11
Rational Choice written by Jon Elster and has been published by NYU Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986-11 with Political Science categories.
This series brings together a carefully edited selection of the most influential and enduring articles on central topics in social and political theory. Each volume contains ten to twelve articles and an introductory essay by the editor.
Beyond Optimizing
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Author : Michael Slote
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 1989
Beyond Optimizing written by Michael Slote and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Philosophy categories.
Philosophy, economics, and decision theory have long been dominated by the idea that rational choice consists of seeking or achieving one's own greatest good. Beyond Optimizing argues that our ordinary understanding of practical reason is more complex than this, and also that optimizing/maximizing views are inadequately supported by the considerations typically offered in their favor. Michael Slote challenges the long-dominant conception of individual rationality, which has to a large extent shaped the very way we think about the essential problems and nature of rationality, morality, and the relations between them. He contests the accepted view by appealing to a set of real-life examples, claiming that our intuitive reaction to these examples illustrates a significant and prevalent, if not always dominant, way of thinking. Slote argues that common sense recognizes that one can reach a point where "enough is enough," be satisfied with what one has, and, hence, rationally decline an optimizing alternative. He suggests that, in the light of common sense, optimizing behavior is often irrational. Thus, Slote is not merely describing an alternative mode of rationality; he is offering a rival theory. And the numerous parallels he points out between this common-sense theory of rationality and common-sense morality are then shown to have important implications for the long-standing disagreement between commonsense morality and utilitarian consequentialism. Beyond Optimizing is notable for its use of a much richer vocabulary of criticism than optimizing/maximizing models ever call upon. And it further argues that recent empirical investigations of the development of altruism and moral motivation need to be followed up by psychological studies of how moderation, and individual rationality more generally, take shape within developing individuals.
The Construction Of Preference
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Author : Sarah Lichtenstein
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2006-08-28
The Construction Of Preference written by Sarah Lichtenstein and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-08-28 with Psychology categories.
One of the main themes that has emerged from behavioral decision research during the past three decades is the view that people's preferences are often constructed in the process of elicitation. This idea is derived from studies demonstrating that normatively equivalent methods of elicitation (e.g., choice and pricing) give rise to systematically different responses. These preference reversals violate the principle of procedure invariance that is fundamental to all theories of rational choice. If different elicitation procedures produce different orderings of options, how can preferences be defined and in what sense do they exist? This book shows not only the historical roots of preference construction but also the blossoming of the concept within psychology, law, marketing, philosophy, environmental policy, and economics. Decision making is now understood to be a highly contingent form of information processing, sensitive to task complexity, time pressure, response mode, framing, reference points, and other contextual factors.
Preferences Institutions And Rational Choice
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Author : Keith M. Dowding
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Preferences Institutions And Rational Choice written by Keith M. Dowding and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Education categories.
Rational choice theory has gained considerable influence in politics and sociology over the past thirty years; the use of rational choice methods has proliferated in all areas of social inquiry. From the early days of formal proofs and unrealistic assumptions, rational choice is increasingly being used to model authentic situations and institutions. The collection of essays from leading British writers in the rational choice paradigm concentrates upon the two key aspects of rational choice: the role of preferences and institutions.
Rational Choice In An Uncertain World
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Author : Reid Hastie
language : en
Publisher: SAGE
Release Date : 2010
Rational Choice In An Uncertain World written by Reid Hastie and has been published by SAGE this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Psychology categories.
In the Second Edition of Rational Choice in an Uncertain World the authors compare the basic principles of rationality with actual behaviour in making decisions. They describe theories and research findings from the field of judgment and decision making in a non-technical manner, using anecdotes as a teaching device. Intended as an introductory textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, the material not only is of scholarly interest but is practical as well. The Second Edition includes: - more coverage on the role of emotions, happiness, and general well-being in decisions - a summary of the new research on the neuroscience of decision processes - more discussion of the adaptive value of (non-rational heuristics) - expansion of the graphics for decision trees, probability trees, and Venn diagrams.
The Limits Of Rationality
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Author : Karen Schweers Cook
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2008-10-03
The Limits Of Rationality written by Karen Schweers Cook and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-10-03 with Political Science categories.
Prevailing economic theory presumes that agents act rationally when they make decisions, striving to maximize the efficient use of their resources. Psychology has repeatedly challenged the rational choice paradigm with persuasive evidence that people do not always make the optimal choice. Yet the paradigm has proven so successful a predictor that its use continues to flourish, fueled by debate across the social sciences over why it works so well. Intended to introduce novices to rational choice theory, this accessible, interdisciplinary book collects writings by leading researchers. The Limits of Rationality illuminates the rational choice paradigm of social and political behavior itself, identifies its limitations, clarifies the nature of current controversies, and offers suggestions for improving current models. In the first section of the book, contributors consider the theoretical foundations of rational choice. Models of rational choice play an important role in providing a standard of human action and the bases for constitutional design, but do they also succeed as explanatory models of behavior? Do empirical failures of these explanatory models constitute a telling condemnation of rational choice theory or do they open new avenues of investigation and theorizing? Emphasizing analyses of norms and institutions, the second and third sections of the book investigate areas in which rational choice theory might be extended in order to provide better models. The contributors evaluate the adequacy of analyses based on neoclassical economics, the potential contributions of game theory and cognitive science, and the consequences for the basic framework when unequal bargaining power and hierarchy are introduced.
Consistency Choice And Rationality
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Author : Walter Bossert
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2010-10-29
Consistency Choice And Rationality written by Walter Bossert and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-10-29 with Business & Economics categories.
In Consistency, Choice, and Rationality, economic theorists Walter Bossert and Kotaro Suzumura present a thorough mathematical treatment of Suzumura consistency, an alternative to established coherence properties such as transitivity, quasi-transitivity, or acyclicity. Applications in individual and social choice theory, fields important not only to economics but also to philosophy and political science, are discussed. Specifically, the authors explore topics such as rational choice and revealed preference theory, and collective decision making in an atemporal framework as well as in an intergenerational setting.
Rational Choice Theory
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Author : Peter Abell
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 1991
Rational Choice Theory written by Peter Abell and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Mathematics categories.
'Rational Choice Theory is a flourishing branch of economic sociology.' Modern sociological theory has to a considerable degree been fashioned in reaction to assumptions about human rationality. This important volume argues in favour of re-establishing rather relaxed assumptions of rationality as a basis for building theory. Although such theories often fail, they prove to be more successful in building predictive and deductive models of human affairs than any competing theoretical framework. The volume includes important and seminal articles drawn from economics, game theory, utility theory and finds application in the Marxist theory of class, group theory, organization theory and the theory of power relations. This landmark book will be an essential reference companion for any serious student or researcher in modern sociological theory.
Rational Choice Theory
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Author : Fouad Sabry
language : en
Publisher: One Billion Knowledgeable
Release Date : 2024-02-12
Rational Choice Theory written by Fouad Sabry and has been published by One Billion Knowledgeable this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-12 with Business & Economics categories.
What is Rational Choice Theory Rational choice theory refers to a set of guidelines that help understand economic and social behaviour. The theory originated in the eighteenth century and can be traced back to the political economist and philosopher Adam Smith. The theory postulates that an individual will perform a cost-benefit analysis to determine whether an option is right for them. It also suggests that an individual's self-driven rational actions will help better the overall economy. Rational choice theory looks at three concepts: rational actors, self interest and the invisible hand. How you will benefit (I) Insights, and validations about the following topics: Chapter 1: Rational choice theory Chapter 2: Microeconomics Chapter 3: Neoclassical economics Chapter 4: Utility Chapter 5: Public choice Chapter 6: Bounded rationality Chapter 7: Homo economicus Chapter 8: Arrow's impossibility theorem Chapter 9: Behavioral economics Chapter 10: Prospect theory Chapter 11: Consumer choice Chapter 12: Decision theory Chapter 13: Structure and agency Chapter 14: Expected utility hypothesis Chapter 15: Ellsberg paradox Chapter 16: Robert Sugden (economist) Chapter 17: Preference (economics) Chapter 18: Preference Chapter 19: Rational choice institutionalism Chapter 20: Altruism theory of voting Chapter 21: Formalist-substantivist debate (II) Answering the public top questions about rational choice theory. (III) Real world examples for the usage of rational choice theory in many fields. Who this book is for Professionals, undergraduate and graduate students, enthusiasts, hobbyists, and those who want to go beyond basic knowledge or information for any kind of Rational Choice Theory.