The Reform Of Fiscal Systems In Developing And Emerging Market Economies
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The Reform Of Fiscal Systems In Developing And Emerging Market Economies
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Author : Robin Boadway
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1994
The Reform Of Fiscal Systems In Developing And Emerging Market Economies written by Robin Boadway and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Capitalism categories.
A framework for allocating taxing and spending responsibilities to various levels of government and for designing fiscal transfers to foster decentralized decisionmaking while preserving or even enhancing equity and efficiency goals.
The Reform Of Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations In Developing And Emerging Market Economies
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Author : Anwar Shah
language : en
Publisher: Washington, D.C. : World Bank
Release Date : 1994
The Reform Of Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations In Developing And Emerging Market Economies written by Anwar Shah and has been published by Washington, D.C. : World Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994 with Intergovernmental fiscal relations categories.
An important dimension of public sector reform in developing and emerging market economies has been the loosening of central control over the private sector and lower level governments. The author's overview of the principles and best practices of fiscal federalism should help guide policy debates on restructuring intergovernmental fiscal arrangements. Strong emphasis on central planning impedes innovative responses to local issues by local governments and stymies private sector development. Decentralization should be the rule, the author argues, unless a strong case can be made for centralizing specific responsibilities. Local public services can be provided more efficiently if expenditures more closely match local needs and preferences. More closely linking benefits to costs also promotes accountability. Increased fiscal autonomy can also help mobilize more revenue from local sources, improving a country's fiscal position. And decentralized desicion-making encourages local participation in development. Constitutional responsibilities should be stated clearly and precisely. Tax and spending assignments should be determined simultaneously, so revenue means are matched as closely as possible to spending needs at each level of government. In most developing countries, subnational governments have limited access to their own tax bases and depend on higher level transfers. A grant's design should reflect the situation and objectives. The author gives examples. Although most countries give a high priority to limiting interregional fiscal disparities, no developing or transitional economy has adopted an explicit standard for equalization. Revenue sharing should be supplemented by an equilization program with a specified standard rather than by combining several factors into one formula. Local borrowing to meet capital expenditures is a major issue in most developing countries. In such cases, autonomous bodies can supervise and assist local borrowing for capital projects. The decentralization of responsibilities and the rationalization of intergovernmental transfers should be supported by strengthening local institutional capabilities. Monitoring, auditing, and inspections functions in most developing nations especially need to be strengthened. Transitional economies also need to give high priority to establishing or improving framework laws on property rights, corporate legal ownership and control, and bankruptcy, and financial accounting and control.
Priorities For Further Fiscal Reforms In The Commonwealth Of Independent States
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Author : Mr.Henri Lorie
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2003-10-01
Priorities For Further Fiscal Reforms In The Commonwealth Of Independent States written by Mr.Henri Lorie and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-10-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Building on the substantial progress made in establishing fiscal systems consistent with market economies, the paper identifies priorities for further fiscal structural reforms among the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) countries. Activities of extra budgetary accounts and quasi-fiscal activities need to be brought into the budget framework. Although there is room for improvements, the CIS countries now have, broadly, levels of tax revenues and expenditures not out of line with the international norm, taking into account income levels. The main challenges they face are to further increase the market friendliness of taxation and to implement an efficiency-improving structural reform of the expenditure system while strengthening control and accountability.
The Reform Of Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations In Developing And Emerging Market Economies
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Author : Anwar Shah
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
The Reform Of Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations In Developing And Emerging Market Economies written by Anwar Shah and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with categories.
Financial Market Regulation And Reforms In Emerging Markets
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Author : Masahiro Kawai
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2011
Financial Market Regulation And Reforms In Emerging Markets written by Masahiro Kawai and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Business & Economics categories.
"In the wake of the global financial crisis that began in 2008, offers a systematic overview of recent developments in regulatory frameworks in advanced and emerging-market countries, outlining challenges to improving regulation, markets, and access in developing economies"--Provided by publisher.
Rules Based Fiscal Policy In Emerging Markets
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Author : G. Kopits
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2004-09-21
Rules Based Fiscal Policy In Emerging Markets written by G. Kopits and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-09-21 with Business & Economics categories.
Inspired by the experience of some advanced economies, a number of emerging market economies have recently adopted rules limiting the budget deficit, expenditure level, or indebtedness of the public sector, while others consider them for eventual adoption. This volume brings together policy analysts to discuss the rationale, suitability, and usefulness of fiscal policy rules in emerging market economies. Grouped under three main parts (political economy and macroeconomic setting; design issues at the national level; design issues at the subnational level), the chapters have a practical orientation, based on conceptual grounding.
Transforming Payment Systems
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Author : Setsuya Sat?
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1995-01-01
Transforming Payment Systems written by Setsuya Sat? and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Emphasizes the importance of designing a well-functioning intergovernmental fiscal system for achieving the reform objectives of economies in transition. This study explores the issues involved in redesigning intergovernmental relations in Albania, Bulgaria, Hungary, Poland, Romania, the Russian Federation, and Ukraine, where extensive political and fiscal decentralization is now underway. The volume focuses on the elements of decentralization in the transitional economies that distinguish them from those in the rest of the world. The book shows that in the transition from a command to a market economy, designing a well-functioning intergovernmental fiscal system is a prerequisite for achieving other reform objectives: macroeconomic stability, private sector development, and a social safety net for those hurt by the transition. The study further demonstrates that a broader analytical framework than is conventionally involved in the study of intergovernmental finance is needed for analyzing fiscal issues in these economies.
Critical Issues In International Financial Reform
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Author : R. Albert Berry
language : en
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
Release Date :
Critical Issues In International Financial Reform written by R. Albert Berry and has been published by Transaction Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Political Science categories.
Critical Issues in International Financial Reform ad- dresses weaknesses of the current international financial system and potential beneficial reforms. The focus is on the countries of Latin America and the Caribbean, but the authors also take into account relevant lessons from the experience of Canada, a country highly integrated into world and hemispheric trade and financial markets. Critical Issues offers a new perspective on a discussion too often dominated by interest groups that take strong, even rigid, positions on issues with limited understanding of the technical aspects of the issues, and little concern for the interests of the developing world. Its chapters have been written by experts in the economic, political, and social aspects of the international financial integration of developing countries. Financial crises and their associated social and economic traumas are the most apparent symptom that something is amiss in the process of world economic integration. But there are also broader questions about the nature and magnitude of the benefits and costs of increased international capital flows for different groups of countries in the developing and developed worlds. For example, even in the absence of turbulence, is it optimal for all participants that capital movements be as free as possible? Does capital inflow discourage domestic savings to a degree that should cause worry? Are some types of flows inherently more beneficial than others--for instance, direct investment flows versus flows into host stock markets? How can the instability of capital movements best be curtailed? These questions concern the contributors to this volume. This volume demonstrates that the evolution of the world financial system, its various problems, and what is or is not done about them require an understanding of the links among financial, economic, and political variables. Critical Issues in International Financial Reform is an important contribution to this debate, and will be of value to researchers in economic policy, history, and international politics. Albert Berry is professor of economics at the University of Toronto and research director of the Program on Latin America and the Caribbean. Gustavo Indart is special lecturer of economics and the coordinator of the Program on Latin America and the Caribbean at the University of Toronto. "The papers in this conference volume are grounded on solid economic theory and empirical research, and take a critical view of the prescriptions of the so-called Washington Consensus and of the policies followed in most developing countries under the advice of the international financial institutions (IFIs). The economics and the political economy of their current financial arrangements, in which the IFIs play such an importnat role, are given a thorough treatment. This volume is a very valuable contribution to a debate that interests both academics and policymakers. The thirteen papers are uniformly of high quality and are often very innovative."--Juan-Antonio Morales, president, Central Bank of Bolivia "A stimulating and balanced set of analyses, drawing insightfully upon comparative experiences, of national and international financial systems and their reform, both actual and potential. It is unusual and welcome in its effective blending of political and economic insights, and its use of analyses that are refreshingly skeptical of orthodox presumptions."--Gerald Helliner, University of Toronto
Emerging Financial Markets In The Global Economy
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Author : David Nickerson
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2000-03-24
Emerging Financial Markets In The Global Economy written by David Nickerson and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-03-24 with Business & Economics categories.
The rapid emergence of active financial markets in a number of developing and transition countries during the 1990s is a momentous phenomenon. Until recently, most developing countries severely manipulated and repressed their financial markets. The dramatic increase in the influence of neo-liberal thinking and laissez-faire governance in developing countries has recently led to serious capital market reform in scores of countries. Most countries without financial market reform are anxiously studying their successful neighbors in order to adopt policies, programs, and regulations that have a proven track record.This collection of papers addresses many of the important issues raised by these dramatic changes, including restructuring pension systems, organizing new equity markets, designing financial systems to deal with systemic risk, dealing with the overhang and bad debts, and attracting foreign direct investments. Several papers deal with informal credit markets, examining the effect of informal finance on economic development and the exponential growth in microfinance by private financial institutions in Latin America and in the United States.The book is intended for policy makers and scholars interested in capital markets in developing and transition economies. It is also suitable for use as a supplementary text in upper level undergraduate and graduate courses in development finance.
Financial Market Regulation And Reforms In Emerging Markets
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Author : Masahiro Kawai
language : en
Publisher: Brookings Institution Press
Release Date : 2011-05-01
Financial Market Regulation And Reforms In Emerging Markets written by Masahiro Kawai and has been published by Brookings Institution Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-05-01 with Business & Economics categories.
A Brookings Institution Press and Asian Development Bank Institute publication The rapid spread and far-reaching impact of the global financial crisis have highlighted the need for strengthening financial systems in advanced economies and emerging markets. Emerging markets face particular challenges in developing their nascent financial systems and making them resilient to domestic and external shocks. Financial reforms are critical to these economies as they pursue programs of high and sustainable growth. In this timely volume Masahiro Kawai, Eswar Prasad, and their contributors offer a systematic overview of recent developments in—and the latest thinking about—regulatory frameworks in both advanced countries and emerging markets. Their analyses and observations clearly point out the challenges to improving regulation, efficiency of markets, and access to the fi nancial system. Policymakers and financial managers in emerging markets are struggling to learn from the crisis and will need to grapple with some key questions as they restructure and reform their financial markets: • What lessons does the global financial crisis of 2007–09 offer for the establishment of efficient and flexible regulatory structures? • How can policymakers develop broader financial markets while managing the associated risks? • How—or should—they make the formal financial system more accessible to more people? • How might they best contend with multinational financial institutions? This book is an important step in getting a better grasp of these issues and making progress toward solutions that strike a balance between promoting financial market development and efficiency on the one hand, and ensuring financial stability on the other.