The Regional Impact Of National Policies
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The Regional Impact Of National Policies
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Author : Werner Baer
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2012-05-01
The Regional Impact Of National Policies written by Werner Baer and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-01 with Political Science categories.
Brazil is a country of continental proportions whose gross domestic product is unevenly distributed among its various regions. The impact of general domestic economic policies has often been perceived as not being regionally neutral, but as reinforcing the geographic concentration of economic activities. This detailed book examines the regional impact of such general policies as: industrialization, agricultural modernization, privatization, stabilization, science and technology, labor, and foreign direct investment. Written by recognized and respected scholars, this book fills a significant gap in the current literature on regional development in Brazil. Researchers and students in economics, economic history, political science and regional studies, and others interested in the economics of transition to a market system will find this comprehensive collection an invaluable resource.
Equity Justice And The Regional Impact Of National Policy
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Author : Gordon L. Clark
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1979
Equity Justice And The Regional Impact Of National Policy written by Gordon L. Clark and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1979 with Regional planning categories.
Regional Disaggregation Of National Policies And Plans
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Author : Antoni R. Kuklinski
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
Release Date : 2019-01-29
Regional Disaggregation Of National Policies And Plans written by Antoni R. Kuklinski and has been published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-29 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
No detailed description available for "Regional disaggregation of national policies and plans".
Oecd Regional Development Studies Regional Development Policies In Oecd Countries
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 2010-09-28
Oecd Regional Development Studies Regional Development Policies In Oecd Countries written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-28 with categories.
This book is a handy reference guide to the regional policies of OECD countries and a broader analysis of trends in regional policies, based on sound, comparable information.
Regional Analysis And Regional Policy
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Author : William H. Miernyk
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1982
Regional Analysis And Regional Policy written by William H. Miernyk and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1982 with Political Science categories.
Every Place Matters
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Author : Andrew Beer
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-12-08
Every Place Matters written by Andrew Beer and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-08 with Business & Economics categories.
Across the globe policy makers implement, and academics teach and undertake research upon, place-based policy. But what is place-based policy, what does it aspire to achieve, what are the benefits of place-based approaches relative to other forms of policy, and what are the key determinants of success for this type of government intervention? This Policy Expo examines these questions, reviewing the literature and the experience of places and their governments around the world. We find place-based policies are essential in contemporary economies, providing solutions to otherwise intractable challenges such as the long-term decline of cities and regions. For those working in public sector agencies the success or failure of place-based policies is largely attributable to governance arrangements, but for researchers the community that is the subject of this policy effort, and its leadership, determines outcomes. This Policy Expo explores the differing perspectives on place-based policy and maps out the essential components of effective and impactful actions by government at the scale of individual places.
Levelling Up Left Behind Places
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Author : Ron Martin
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-12-20
Levelling Up Left Behind Places written by Ron Martin and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-20 with Business & Economics categories.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY AND KEY RECOMMENDATIONS The nature of the problem: • Geographical inequalities in the UK are a longstanding and persistent problem rooted in deepseated and cumulative processes of local and regional divergence with antecedents in the inter-war years and accelerating since the early 1980s. • This spatial divergence has been generated by the inability of some places to adapt to the emergence of the post-industrial service and knowledge-based economy whose geographies are very different from those of past heavy industries. As a consequence, the "left behind" problem has become spatially and systemically entrenched. • Challenging ideas of market-led adjustment, there is little evidence that real cost advantages in Northern areas are correcting and offsetting the geographically differentiated development of skilled labour and human capital and the quality of residential and business environments. • A variety of different types of "left behind place" exist at different scales, and these types combine common problems with distinctive economic trajectories and varied causes. These different types will need policies that are sensitive and adaptive to their specific problems and potentialities. • Contemporary economic development is marked by agglomeration in high-skilled and knowledge-intensive activities. Research-based concentrations of high-skilled activity in the UK have been limited and concentrated heavily in parts of London and cities in the Golden Triangle, especially Oxford and Cambridge. Even in London, the benefits have been unevenly spread between boroughs. • Existing analyses of the predicaments of left behind places present a stark division between rapid growth in "winning" high-skilled cities and relative decline in "losing" areas. This view is problematic because it oversimplifies the experience in the UK and other countries. A false binary distinction is presented to policymakers which offers only the possibility of growth in larger cities and derived spillovers and other compensations elsewhere. • Yet, the post-industrial economy involves strong dispersal of activity and growth to smaller cities, towns and rural areas. However, this process has been highly selective between local areas and needs to be better understood. The institutional and policy response: • Past policies in the UK have lacked recognition of the scale and importance of the left behind problem and committed insufficient resources to its resolution. The objective of achieving a less geographically unequal economy has not been incorporated into mainstream policymaking. When compared with other countries, the UK has taken an overcentralized, "top-down" approach to policy formulation and implementation, often applying "one size fits all" policy measures to different geographical situations. • Political cycles have underpinned a disruptive churn of institutions and policies. In contrast with other Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries, particularly in Europe, there has been limited long-term strategy and continuity, and inadequate development of local policymaking capacity and capabilities, especially for research, analysis, monitoring and evaluation. • Past policies have been underfunded, inconsistent, and inadequately tailored and adapted to the needs of different local economies. We estimate that, on average over the period 1961–2020, the UK government invested on average £2.9 billion per annum in direct spatial policy (2020 prices), equivalent to around 0.15% of gross national income (GNI) per annum over the period. European Union Structural and Cohesion Policy support has added around 0.12% GNI (2020 prices) per annum to this over the period from the late 1970s. • These broad estimates suggest that discretionary expenditure in the UK on urban and regional policy when both domestic and European Union spatial policy was in operation was equivalent to 0.27% per annum of UK GNI (2020 prices). This is dwarfed by mainstream spending programmes (by comparison, the UK committed £14.5 billion (0.7% of GNI) to international aid in 2019). The level of resources devoted to spatial policy has been modest given the entrenched and cumulative nature of the problem. • Policies for "levelling up" need clearly to distinguish different types of left behind places and devise a set of place-sensitive and targeted policies for these types of "clubs" of left behind areas. This shift will need a radical expansion of "place-based" policymaking in the UK which allows national and local actors to collaborate on the design of appropriate targeted programmes. • A key priority for "levelling up" is revitalizing Northern cities and boosting their contribution to the national economy. Underperformance in these urban centres has been a major contributor to persistent geographical inequality in the UK. • Addressing the UK’s geographical economic inequalities and the plight of left behind places requires substantially more decentralization of power and resources to place-based agencies. This would enable the current UK government’s "levelling up" agenda to capitalize on the many advantages of more "place-based" policymaking to diagnose problems, build on local capabilities, strengthen resilience and adapt to local changes in circumstances. • Crucially, place-based efforts need to be coordinated and aligned with place-sensitive national policies. The key challenge of a levelling up mission is to integrate "place-based" policies with greater place sensitivity in national policies and in regulation and mainstream economic spending. • It is important to develop policies that spread the benefits from agglomeration and ensure that the income effects and innovations produced by high-skill concentrations diffuse to the wider cityregional economies and their firms (especially small and medium-sized enterprises) and workers. There is a clear need for more policy thinking on how this can be achieved. • Policy for levelling-up needs to align and coordinate with the other national missions for net zero carbon and post-pandemic recovery. This suggests that a strong "place-making" agenda focused on quality of life, infrastructure and housing in many left behind places is important for post-industrial and service growth. • Genuine place-making is a long-term process involving public, private and civic participation which allows local responses to those economic, environmental, and social constraints and problems that most strongly reduce the quality of life in local areas. A truly "total place" approach is required. The quality of infrastructure, housing stock and public services is crucial for the quality of place as well as the ability to secure and attract more dispersed forms of growth. There is little hope of delivering "place-making" if public sector austerity is once again allowed to cut back public services more severely in poorer and more deprived areas. The way forward: • The scale and nature of the UK’s contemporary "left behind places" problem are such that only a transformative shift in policy model and a resource commitment of historic proportions are likely to achieve the "levelling up" ambition that is central to the current government’s political ambitions. KEY RECOMMENDATIONS In summary, our recommendations are that the UK government should: • Grasp the transformative moment for local, regional and urban development policy as the UK adjusts to a post-Covid-19 world and seeks a net zero carbon future. • Establish a clear and binding national mission for "levelling up". • Realize the potential of place in policymaking. • Decentralize and devolve towards a multilevel federal polity. • Strengthen subnational funding and financing and adopt new financing models involving the public, private sector and civic sectors to generate the resources required. • Embed geography in the national state and in national policy machinery. • Improve subnational strategic research, intelligence, monitoring and evaluation capacity. A failure to learn from the lessons of the last 70 years of spatial policy risks the UK becoming an ever more divided nation, with all the associated economic, social and political costs, risks and challenges that this presents.
The Impact Of Science And Technology On Regional Economic Development
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Author : Committee on Science, Technology, and Regional Economic Development
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1969
The Impact Of Science And Technology On Regional Economic Development written by Committee on Science, Technology, and Regional Economic Development and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1969 with Business & Economics categories.
Regional Economics Fundamental Concepts Policies And Institutions
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Author : Iwan Jaya Azis
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2020-01-06
Regional Economics Fundamental Concepts Policies And Institutions written by Iwan Jaya Azis and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-06 with Business & Economics categories.
Regional Economics: Fundamental Concepts, Policies, and Institutions is a unique and unconventional economics textbook which emphasizes the role of 'space' in economics and highlights the importance of non-economic factors particularly the role of institutions in regional development. It also presents the approach on how to evaluate regional development performance based on economic, social, and environmental considerations, which is the organizing principle for meeting people-oriented development and sustainable development goals. Other essential concepts such as 'regional science' and 'spatial economics' are also explored in this book.Why activities tend to be spatially concentrated and can get more intensified despite efforts to disperse them toward other regions? Why infrastructure development intended to increase activities and improve the population's welfare can produce the opposite outcome of greater interregional inequality? What is the role of regional and national policies in affecting growth incentives, and how non-economic factors such as institutions and the quality of local leaders can make a difference in welfare achievement? Addressing these questions allows readers to better understand the various phenomena in the actual development process.
Singapore S Foreign Policy
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Author : Amitav Acharya
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2008
Singapore S Foreign Policy written by Amitav Acharya and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Political Science categories.
The conventional understanding of Singapore''s foreign policy can be summarized in three main propositions: first, it is dictated by the imperatives of being a small state; second, its primary purpose is to ensure Singapore''s survival, given its small size; and third, this logic of survival dictates a realpolitik approach to foreign policy and national security. This book argues that an exclusively realist view of Singapore''s foreign policy is inadequate. Singapore''s foreign policy is also shaped by the positive effects of economic interdependence and regional institution-building OCo instruments that realists tend to dismiss, but which Singapore has self-consciously tried to promote as instruments of regional order. The book first looks at the evolution of Singapore''s foreign policy, before analyzing Singapore''s international relations and national security in the context of economic growth and terrorism. It concludes with an interesting chapter on the impact of the rise of China and India on the regional landscape. Sample Chapter(s). Introduction: Rethinking Singapore''s ForeignPolicy (435 KB). Chapter 1: The Evolution of Singapore''s Foreign Policy: Challenges of Change (468 KB). Contents: Introduction: Rethinking Singapore''s Foreign Policy; Part I: Foundations: The Evolution of Singapore''s Foreign Policy: Challenges of Change; The Economic Foundations of Singapore''s Security: From Globalism to Regionalism?; Part II: Adaptations: Diplomacy in Hard Times: Singapore Confronts Global Terrorism and Regional Regression; Waging the War on Terror: Singapore''s Responses and Dilemmas; Singapore and Southeast Asia in a Fast-changing Landscape: Coping with the Rise of China and India. Readership: Undergraduates, graduates and academics in foreign policy and international relations; government ministries; general readers interested in Singapore issues."