The Role Of Aire Micrornas And Cell Cell Interactions On Thymic Architecture And Induction Of Tolerance
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The Role Of Aire Micrornas And Cell Cell Interactions On Thymic Architecture And Induction Of Tolerance
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Author : Geraldo Aleixo Passos
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-02-03
The Role Of Aire Micrornas And Cell Cell Interactions On Thymic Architecture And Induction Of Tolerance written by Geraldo Aleixo Passos and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-03 with Immunologic diseases. Allergy categories.
The focus of this eBook is to bring new insights into central immune tolerance. To fulfill that, much has been discussed about the master in the regulation of tolerance, the autoimmune regulator (Aire) gene the main thymus cell type that expresses this gene, the medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). It includes one Editorial and 12 other excellent contributions in the format of mini reviews or original research papers covering one or more of these aspects: promiscuous gene expression (PGE), epigenetics, miRNAs, association of the Aire gene and miRNAs, thymocyte–TEC interaction, coxsackievirus and type 1 diabetes, exosomes in the thymus, thymic crosstalk, thymic B cells, T cell development, chemokines and migration of T cells, miRNAs and the thymic atrophy, cell–cell interactions, and thymus ontogeny. Authors raised hypothesis, discuss concepts, and show open questions. The remaining important issues to resolve questions within the central tolerance research are briefly discussed below. The first mini review is authored by Olga Ucar and Kristin Rattay. They focused on the posttranscriptional control of PGE by miRNAs as well as epigenetic control involving DNA methylation, histone modifications, and topology of chromosomes. These processes represent additional factors to be explored and that might regulate the expression of Aire-independent tissue restricted antigens (TRAs), which are implicated in the central tolerance. Are the Eph/ephrins important for thymocyte–TEC interaction? This issue was reviewed by Javier Garcia-Ceca and cols. The maturation of thymocytes is depending on their interaction with TECs within the thymus. Authors argue the importance of Ephs and ephrins on the intrathymic maturation of both thymic epithelial microenvironment and thymocyte maturation and on the recruitment of lymphoid progenitors into the thymus. Another stimulating mini review is authored by Hélène Michaux and cols in which they discuss the hypothesis that infection by coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4) could be associated with etiopathogenesis of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D). Authors consider that besides their tropism to the pancreatic beta cells, CV-B4 could also involve the thymus. Once within this organ the virus might somehow perturbs central tolerance to the insulin family triggering thus autoimmune T1D. Our group contributed with a mini review focusing on cell–cell interactions within the thymus involving TECs and thymocytes and the role of the Aire gene on the induction of central tolerance throughout the modulation of TRA expression in mTECs. In addition, we discuss the recent evidence that Aire also regulate the expression of miRNAs in these cells. On its turn, the Aire-dependent miRNAs might exert control over TRAs. We raise issues that besides the transcriptional control exerted by Aire, PGE could also be being controlled through posttranscriptional mechanism involving miRNAs. A very pertinent question raised by Gabriel Skogberg and cols is on the role of exosomes on TRA presentation by TECs to thymocytes and its implication in the thymocyte selection. Exosomes may be liberated by TECs to the extracellular milieu and transport TRAs as well as MHC molecules, establishing intercellular communication to enhance antigen presentation to developing thymocytes. Authors discuss how intercellular communication via exosomes within the thymus could have consequences on TRA presentation and finally on central tolerance. The thymic crosstalk, i.e., the reciprocal control by the close contact between TECs and thymocytes, which influences the differentiation of both types of cells was elegantly reviewed by Noëlla Lopes and cols. Authors discuss the role of dendritic cells (DCs) subsets in the process of deletion of autoreactive T cells and the generation of natural Tregs and raise questions how hematopoietic cells may control the organization of the thymic medulla. Thymus is an organ composed of different cell types including TECs, DCs, macrophages among other cell types, and of course thymocytes. Recently, researchers have identified an unexpected cell type formed by B cells, which may be originated from intrathymic B lymphopoiesis or immigration from the periphery. Tomoyoshi Yamano and cols contributed with a mini review discussing the role of thymic B cells expressing MHC-II, CD80, and Aire, in the crosstalk with CD4 single positive cells. Authors raise questions how these cells might play a role as antigen presenting cells in an unpredicted way within the thymus. The regulation of T cell development is apparently well resolved; however, several unsolved questions remain. This important aspect is represented in this Research Topic through the mini review by Iris Caramalho and cols. Authors show new questions on the beginning of Treg lineage commitment, their spatial localization within the human thymus and their molecular components. Cell migration within the thymus is crucial for the central tolerance. Developing thymocytes migrate throughout the thymus being exposed initially to the cortex and then to the thymic medulla were they respectively undergo positive and negative selection. Chemokines represent key regulators for thymocyte migration. Zicheng Hu and cols argue the role of chemokines in the thymic cell migration and induction of central tolerance. Thymic atrophy during senescence is widely recognized; however, poorly understood. In addition to the atrophy due to senescence, thymus involutes in response to a variety of stimuli including microbial infections. The mouse model of Trypanosoma cruzi infection corresponds to an adequate mouse model to access this question. Leandra Linhares-Lacerda and cols show results on the role of miRNAs on regulation of chemotaxis, which contribute to a better understanding, while incites new issues, of thymic involution. Cellularity of mTECs is pivotal for cell–cell interactions within the thymus, which is required for central tolerance. Taishin Akiyama and cols argue the role of cytokines on cellularity of mTECs focusing into the molecular basis of cell–cell interactions opening perspective on the use of mathematical models for understanding these processes. Thymus morphogenesis is a central point with many open questions. The mini review authored by Arnon Dias Jurberg and cols addresses the role of the large superfamily of TGF-beta/bone morphogenetic protein ligands in the thymus morphogenesis and in T cell differentiation. This eBook provides an international and updated insight into the latest developments and open questions on the cellular and molecular bases of central tolerance induction.
Oxford Textbook Of Endocrinology And Diabetes
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Author : John Wass
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-03-10
Oxford Textbook Of Endocrinology And Diabetes written by John Wass and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-10 with Medical categories.
Now in its third edition, the Oxford Textbook of Endocrinology and Diabetes is an up-to-date, objective and comprehensive text that covers the full scope of endocrinology and diabetes. It contains wide ranging and pragmatic advice on diagnosis and clear guidelines for recommended management, while also covering the scientific principles that underlie the medical practice in this important field. The book has been re-organised into 15 overarching sections, with new sections on Endocrinology of Pregnancy and Management of the Transgender Patient included. All other sections have been extensively updated and restructured. Each chapter is written by an internationally acknowledged expert, relates basic science to evidence based guidelines and clinical management, and where appropriate offers an outline of the controversies in the subject. The textbook has an international focus and deals with subject matter applicable across the globe. The new edition has over 800 images complementing the extensive text and information provided. The book is a 'one-stop' text for trainees and consultants in Endocrinology and Diabetes, residents, those preparing for sub-specialty exams and other professionals allied to the area who need to gain an understanding of the field. It acts as both a point of reference for the experienced consultant as well as a trusted training resource. Purchase of the print work also includes full access to the online edition of the textbook for the life of the edition.
Thymic Epithelial Cells New Insights Into The Essential Driving Force Of T Cell Differentiation
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Author : Marita Bosticardo
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-09-30
Thymic Epithelial Cells New Insights Into The Essential Driving Force Of T Cell Differentiation written by Marita Bosticardo and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-30 with Medical categories.
Lewin S Genes Twelve
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Author : Jocelyn E. Krebs
language : en
Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning
Release Date : 2017-03-02
Lewin S Genes Twelve written by Jocelyn E. Krebs and has been published by Jones & Bartlett Learning this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-02 with Medical categories.
Now in its twelfth edition, Lewin's GENES continues to lead with new information and cutting-edge developments, covering gene structure, sequencing, organization, and expression. Leading scientists provide revisions and updates in their individual field of study offering readers current data and information on the rapidly changing subjects in molecular biology.
Primer To The Immune Response
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Author : Tak W. Mak
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2013-12-23
Primer To The Immune Response written by Tak W. Mak and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-23 with Medical categories.
Written in the same engaging conversational style as the acclaimed first edition, Primer to The Immune Response, 2nd Edition is a fully updated and invaluable resource for college and university students in life sciences, medicine and other health professions who need a concise but comprehensive introduction to immunology. The authors bring clarity and readability to their audience, offering a complete survey of the most fundamental concepts in basic and clinical immunology while conveying the subject's fascinating appeal. The content of this new edition has been completely updated to include current information on all aspects of basic and clinical immunology. The superbly drawn figures are now in full color, complemented by full color plates throughout the book. The text is further enhanced by the inclusion of numerous tables, special topic boxes and brief notes that provide interesting insights. At the end of each chapter, a self-test quiz allows students to monitor their mastery of major concepts, while a set of conceptual questions prompts them to extrapolate further and extend their critical thinking. Moreover, as part of the Academic Cell line of textbooks, Primer to The Immune Response, 2nd Edition contains research passages that shine a spotlight on current experimental work reported in Cell Press articles. These articles also form the basis of case studies that are found in the associated online study guide and are designed to reinforce clinical connections. - Complete yet concise coverage of the basic and clinical principles of immunology - Engaging conversational writing style that is to the point and very readable - Over 200 clear, elegant color illustrations - Comprehensive glossary and list of abbreviations
Contemporary Bone Marrow Transplantation
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Author : Mammen Chandy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Contemporary Bone Marrow Transplantation written by Mammen Chandy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Cancer categories.
Bone Marrow transplantation or Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is a life saving procedure in a number of diseases,hematological and non hematological, which fail alternative medical management or have no other treatment options. It has transformed the lives of thousands of patients and their families around the world battling with fatal or debilitating diseases.There are many unique aspects of bone marrow transplantation which makes it very different from solid organ transplants. There is an enormous amount of research going on in this field both at clinical and basic science levels.With the rapidly changing world and field of transplantation, there is a need for an authoritative and up to date resource for transplant professionals. This book titled Contemporary Bone Marrow Transplantation aims to be a reference text comprehensively covering various facets of hematopoietic stem cell transplants with latest insights about the technique and basic science behind it . The book is the product of collective effort of transplant professionals round the world, and will reflect their experience as well as the current standard of care practices in Stem cell transplantation. The book will be divided into different sections focusing on the basic science of bone marrow transplant, the technical aspects of the procedure itself and the supportive care of transplant patients.There will also be a section each on epidemiology, upcoming trends and also case studies , which will discuss real case scenarios from the experience of the authors, to illustrate the practical challenges in managing bone marrow transplant recipients.
Epigenetics Of The Immune System
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Author : Dieter Kabelitz
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2020-06-04
Epigenetics Of The Immune System written by Dieter Kabelitz and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-04 with Medical categories.
Epigenetics of the Immune System focuses on different aspects of epigenetics and immunology, providing readers with the fundamental mechanisms relating to epigenetics and the immune system. This book provides in-depth information on immune cells as a toolbox in deciphering systematically regulated mechanisms using "omics" and computational biology approaches. In addition, the book presents the translational importance of epigenetics and the immune system in our understanding of pathophysiology in diseases and its therapeutic applications.
Concise Pathology For Exam Preparation 4e
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Author : GEETIKA. KHANNA
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020-12-25
Concise Pathology For Exam Preparation 4e written by GEETIKA. KHANNA and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-12-25 with categories.
The fourth edition of this book has been thoroughly updated and revised in accordance with the competency-based curriculum of Pathology. It has been structured in question-answer format that incorporates information in a concise manner with bulleted points for rapid review and easy recapitulation. This is an endeavour to make understanding of Pathology easier so as to facilitate learning by students and help them apply their knowledge to the problems they encounter in their clinical practice later in life. This edition is based on Robbins & Cotran, Pathologic Basis of Disease, 10th edition. . Covers questions that are commonly/frequently asked in major universities. . Covers all "must know" topics in a very simple language and easily comprehensible style. . Organized in small paragraphs and bulleted points to help in rapid revision before examination. . Tabulation of contrasting features of morphologically similar conditions for further clarification of concepts. . Text enriched with flowcharts explaining mechanism of evolution of disease. . Special emphasis has been laid on clinical presentation (symptoms and signs) and understanding the evolution of disease. . Prioritization of laboratory investigations has been stressed upon in order to provide an integrated approach to the study of pathology and to strengthen the clinical decision-making ability.
Micrornas In Development
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Author : Eran Hornstein
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2012-03-02
Micrornas In Development written by Eran Hornstein and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-02 with Medical categories.
This new volume in the Current topics in Developmental Biology series concentrates on MicroRNAs in Development. It includes chapters on such topics as miRNA networks in neuronal development, let-7 in development, and Hox networks and miRNA. With an international team of authors, this volume is a must-have addition for researchers and students alike. Concentrates on microRNAs in development Includes chapters on such topics as miRNA networks in neuronal development, let-7 in development, and Hox networks and miRNA With an international team of authors, this volume is a must-have addition for researchers and students alike
Microrna
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Author : Jaishree Paul
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2018-02-19
Microrna written by Jaishree Paul and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-19 with Medical categories.
This book explores the role of miRNA as therapeutic agents, the progress made in this direction and the problems that need to be addressed for miRNA based therapies to become successful. It also discusses the basic biology of miRNA sythesis, regulation, and their role in disease biology.