The Role Of Body Size In Multispecies Systems

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The Role Of Body Size In Multispecies Systems

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Author : Andrea Belgrano
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2011-11-16

The Role Of Body Size In Multispecies Systems written by Andrea Belgrano and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-16 with Nature categories.

This thematic volume represents an important and exciting benchmark in the study of integrative ecology, synthesizing and showcasing current research and highlighting future directions for the development of the field.

The Role Of Body Size In Multispecies Systems

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Author : Andrea Belgrano
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011

The Role Of Body Size In Multispecies Systems written by Andrea Belgrano and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.

Biodiversity In Aquatic Systems And Environments

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Author : Noboru Okuda
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-10-09

Biodiversity In Aquatic Systems And Environments written by Noboru Okuda and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-10-09 with Science categories.

This book presents the latest topics in ecological and evolutionary research on aquatic biodiversity from bacteria to fishes, with special reference to Lake Biwa, an ancient lake in western Japan. With a geological history of 4 million years, Lake Biwa is the third oldest lake in the world. It is considered a biodiversity hotspot, where 1,769 aquatic species including 61 endemics are recorded, providing a rare opportunity to study the evolutionary diversification of aquatic biota and its ecological consequences. The first chapter introduces the evolutionary history of biodiversity, especially of fish in this lake. In the second chapter, some examples of trophic polymorphism in fish are described. Fish are keystone predators in lake ecosystems, and they can be a major driver for altering biological communities through their top-down trophic cascading effects. An excellent laboratory experiment is presented, demonstrating that functional diversity of fish feeding morphology alters food web properties of plankton prey communities. The third chapter focuses on aquatic microbes, whose abundance and diversity may also be influenced by the diversity of fish through top-down trophic cascades. Aquatic microbes can have a strong impact on ecosystem functioning in lakes, and in this chapter, the latest molecular techniques used to examine genetic and functional diversity of microbial communities are introduced. The final chapter presents theoretical frameworks for predicting how biodiversity has the potential to control the incidence and intensity of human-induced regime shifts. While respecting the precious nature of biodiversity in lakes, it is essential to be aware that modern human activities have brought a crisis of biodiversity loss in lakes worldwide. Throughout this book, readers will learn why biodiversity must be conserved at all levels, from genes to ecosystems.

The Evolutionary Biology Of Species

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Author : Timothy G. Barraclough
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2019-06-20

The Evolutionary Biology Of Species written by Timothy G. Barraclough and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-06-20 with Science categories.

'Species' are central to understanding the origin and dynamics of biological diversity; explaining why lineages split into multiple distinct species is one of the main goals of evolutionary biology. However the existence of species is often taken for granted, and precisely what is meant by species and whether they really exist as a pattern of nature has rarely been modelled or critically tested. This novel book presents a synthetic overview of the evolutionary biology of species, describing what species are, how they form, the consequences of species boundaries and diversity for evolution, and patterns of species accumulation over time. The central thesis is that species represent more than just a unit of taxonomy; they are a model of how diversity is structured as well as how groups of related organisms evolve. The author adopts an intentionally broad approach, stepping back from the details to consider what species constitute, both theoretically and empirically, and how we detect them, drawing on a wealth of examples from microbes to multicellular organisms.

Progress In Modern Hydrology

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Author : John C. Rodda
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-09-08

Progress In Modern Hydrology written by John C. Rodda and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-09-08 with Science categories.

Hydrology is vital to human civilisations as well as to natural ecosystems, yet it has only emerged as a distinct scientific discipline during the last 50 years or so. This book reviews the development of modern hydrology primarily through the experiences of the multidisciplinary team of scientists and engineers at Wallingford, near Oxford, who have been at the forefront of many of the developments in UK hydrological research. These topics include: • The development of basic understanding through the collection of data with specialised instrumentation in experimental basins • The study of extreme flows – both floods and droughts • The role moisture in the soil • Studies of the processes controlling evaporation • Water resource studies • Modelling and prediction of the extremes of flow improved • Understanding of water quality issues • A widening recognition of the importance of an ecosystem approach • Meeting the challenges of climate change, • Data handling • Future developments in hydrology and the pressures which generate them. Readership: hydrologists in both academia and a wide range of applied fields such as civil engineering, meteorology, geography and physics, as well as advanced students in earth science, environmental science and physical geography programmes worldwide.

Body Size The Structure And Function Of Aquatic Ecosystems

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Author : Alan G. Hildrew
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2007-07-12

Body Size The Structure And Function Of Aquatic Ecosystems written by Alan G. Hildrew and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-07-12 with Nature categories.

Ecologists have long struggled to predict features of ecological systems, such as the numbers and diversity of organisms. The wide range of body sizes in ecological communities, from tiny microbes to large animals and plants, is emerging as the key to prediction. Based on the relationship between body size and features such as biological rates, the physics of water and the amount of habitat available, we may be able to understand patterns of abundance and diversity, biogeography, interactions in food webs and the impact of fishing, adding up to a potential 'periodic table' for ecology. Remarkable progress on the unravelling, describing and modelling of aquatic food webs, revealing the fundamental role of body size, makes a book emphasising marine and freshwater ecosystems particularly apt. In this 2007 book, the importance of body size is examined at a range of scales that will be of interest to professional ecologists, from students to senior researchers.

Theoretical Ecology

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Author : Kevin S. McCann
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2020-05-11

Theoretical Ecology written by Kevin S. McCann and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-05-11 with Science categories.

Theoretical Ecology: concepts and applications continues the authoritative and established sequence of theoretical ecology books initiated by Robert M. May which helped pave the way for ecology to become a more robust theoretical science, encouraging the modern biologist to better understand the mathematics behind their theories. This latest instalment builds on the legacy of its predecessors with a completely new set of contributions. Rather than placing emphasis on the historical ideas in theoretical ecology, the Editors have encouraged each contribution to: synthesize historical theoretical ideas within modern frameworks that have emerged in the last 10-20 years (e.g. bridging population interactions to whole food webs); describe novel theory that has emerged in the last 20 years from historical empirical areas (e.g. macro-ecology); and finally to cover the rapidly expanding area of theoretical ecological applications (e.g. disease theory and global change theory). The result is a forward-looking synthesis that will help guide the field through a further decade of discovery and development. It is written for upper level undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers seeking synthesis and the state of the art in growing areas of interest in theoretical ecology, genetics, evolutionary ecology, and mathematical biology.

Global Change In Multispecies Systems Part I

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2012-10-05

Global Change In Multispecies Systems Part I written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-05 with Science categories.

Advances in Ecological Research is one of the most successful series in the highly competitive field of ecology. Each volume publishes topical and important reviews, interpreting ecology as widely as in the past, to include all material that contributes to our understanding of the field. Topics in this invaluable series include the physiology, populations, and communities of plants and animals, as well as landscape and ecosystem ecology. - Advances in Ecological Research is one of the most successful series in the highly competitive field of ecology - Each volume publishes topical and important reviews, interpreting ecology as widely as in the past, to include all material that contributes to our understanding of the field

Dynamic Food Webs

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Author : Peter C de Ruiter
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2005-12-20

Dynamic Food Webs written by Peter C de Ruiter and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-12-20 with Science categories.

Dynamic Food Webs challenges us to rethink what factors may determine ecological and evolutionary pathways of food web development. It touches upon the intriguing idea that trophic interactions drive patterns and dynamics at different levels of biological organization: dynamics in species composition, dynamics in population life-history parameters and abundances, and dynamics in individual growth, size and behavior. These dynamics are shown to be strongly interrelated governing food web structure and stability and the role of populations and communities play in ecosystem functioning. Dynamic Food Webs not only offers over 100 illustrations, but also contains 8 riveting sections devoted to an understanding of how to manage the effects of environmental change, the protection of biological diversity and the sustainable use of natural resources. Dynamic Food Webs is a volume in the Theoretical Ecology series. - Relates dynamics on different levels of biological organization: individuals, populations, and communities - Deals with empirical and theoretical approaches - Discusses the role of community food webs in ecosystem functioning - Proposes methods to assess the effects of environmental change on the structure of biological communities and ecosystem functioning - Offers an analyses of the relationship between complexity and stability in food webs

Nonadaptive Selection

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Author : John Damuth
language : en
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
Release Date : 2025-07-10

Nonadaptive Selection written by John Damuth and has been published by University of Chicago Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2025-07-10 with Science categories.

The first comprehensive explanation of a widely applicable but underappreciated mechanism of evolution operating at higher levels of organization than the individual. In this important treatise, ecologists and evolutionary biologists John Damuth and Lev R. Ginzburg identify a specific evolutionary process in biology, which they call nonadaptive selection. The idea is simple, but the implications are profound. Nonadaptive selection, as they use the term, is selection among biological entities (as is natural selection) but is based on the fitness effects of structural properties intrinsic to the entities under selection rather than on interactions between traits and a local shared environment. In other words, features of systems that evolve by nonadaptive selection do not adapt to local environmental conditions; rather, this selective process increases the long-term stability of the focal systems independent of local conditions. Nonadaptive selection may be of particular value in explaining broad, persistent patterns in multispecies biological units where adaptive evolution may be weak or poorly defined. Examples include Damuth’s Law, the equivalence of energy use among animal species across a wide range of body sizes; the ratio-dependent, or Arditi-Ginzburg, predation conjecture; the consistency of allometric scaling powers; the shortness of trophic chains; and the prevalence of certain types of three-species trophic structures across ecosystems. Damuth and Ginzburg see nonadaptive selection underlying patterns of ecological allometries, community structure, and species interactions, with some implications for macroevolution. Moreover, they find a surprising relationship between these nonadaptive processes and biological laws. They do not advocate the reorientation of any existing research programs but present nonadaptive selection as an additional conceptual framework that may be useful to add to ecology and evolution.