The Role Of Intellectual Property Rights In Biotechnology Transfer Under The Convention On Biological Diversity
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The Role Of Intellectual Property Rights In Biotechnology Transfer Under The Convention On Biological Diversity
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Author : William H. Lesser
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1997
The Role Of Intellectual Property Rights In Biotechnology Transfer Under The Convention On Biological Diversity written by William H. Lesser and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Biodiversity conservation categories.
Intellectual Property Rights Trade And Biodiversity
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Author : Graham Dutfield
language : en
Publisher: Earthscan
Release Date : 2000
Intellectual Property Rights Trade And Biodiversity written by Graham Dutfield and has been published by Earthscan this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Law categories.
This text examines the international agreements governing trade in genetic resources - crucial resources for world agriculture, food security and large industries such as pharmaceuticals. Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in these resources are critical for those involved in the trade, including industry and developing countries. The book analyzes the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), World Trade Organization agreements and other agreements. It explains how they can be integrated into an equitable training regime.
Intellectual Property Biogenetic Resources And Traditional Knowledge
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Author : Graham Dutfield
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2010-09-23
Intellectual Property Biogenetic Resources And Traditional Knowledge written by Graham Dutfield and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-09-23 with Law categories.
Biogenetic resources - the critical biological and chemical materials that underpin so much of medicine, both modern and traditional, agriculture, and wider economic activity in so many fields - are at the centre of heated debate regarding their use, development, and ownership, and the issues of ethics and equity that impinge on all of these factors. This book is a comprehensive examination of the key issues, institutions and ideologies in this area, presenting definitions and explanations of the fundamentals of intellectual property rights (IPRs), biogenetic resources and traditional knowledge. It uses the insights from this to build a picture of how these factors interact in practice, bringing to the surface issues such as: the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, benefit sharing from the commercial use of biodiversity, biotechnological innovation and the transfer of technology, agriculture, food security, rural development, health and international justice. Part 1 describes the relevant international IPR laws, highlights the extent to which modern commerce depends on such resources, and traces the way in which modern IPR law has evolved to accommodate this dependence. Part 2 shows how stronger IPR protection in the area of life science innovation has given rise to controversies such as 'biopiracy', 'terminator' genes and genetic uniformity. Part 3 focuses on traditional knowledge, its nature, its importance, and the applicability of IPR-style protection. Part 4 covers the international negotiation and policy-making of the WTO, WIPO and CBD and the legislative initiatives of national governments of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Finally, Part 5 focuses on two developing country case studies - of India and Kenya - assessing whether they will be able to gain economic benefit from development of their natural resources within the current regulatory system and whether this will encourage the conservation and sustainable use of the resource base. With its multidisciplinary approach and breadth of coverage, this book will appeal both to those new to the subject and to those with professional and specialist interest, including students, academics, legal practitioners, government policy-makers and the private sector.
Intellectual Property Rights Biotechnology And The Protection Of Biodiversity
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Intellectual Property Rights Biotechnology And The Protection Of Biodiversity written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
Linkages between intellectual property, biotechnology, and the conservation of biological diversity rose to prominence in the late 1980s and early 1990s. Three simultaneous international negotiation processes all impacted on this rise: the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Agreement (TRIPS), and the negotiations on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in the Food & Agriculture Organization and the International Union for the Protection of Plant Varieties. This report reviews the literature on the interrelationship of the three elements of intellectual property, biotechnology, and biodiversity conservation as reflected in those international processes. The introductory material includes discussion of the meaning of biodiversity and its role in modern life, the development of biodiversity issues prior to 1992, and underlying concepts of biodiversity, biotechnology, and intellectual property rights (IPR). Part 3 reviews the three international agreements impacting on the IPR/biotechnology/biodiversity link, discussing such issues as IPR and indigenous peoples, access to plant genetic resources, and patenting of life forms. Part 4 reviews approaches to valuation of the biotechnology/biodiversity linkage, including economic and non-economic aspects. The final part discusses some alternative models for developing biodiversity, biotechnology, and intellectual property linkages such as bio-prospecting contracts, models for protecting and rewarding indigenous and traditional knowledge, and international biodiversity funds. Appendices include an international code of conduct for plant germplasm collecting and transfer and a draft contract for biodiversity prospecting.
Intellectual Property Technology Transfer And Genetic Resources
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Author : R. S. Crespi
language : en
Publisher: OECD
Release Date : 1996
Intellectual Property Technology Transfer And Genetic Resources written by R. S. Crespi and has been published by OECD this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Business & Economics categories.
Intellectural property, biotechnology, genetic resources, government policies.
Climate Change And Intellectual Property Rights For New Plant Varieties
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Author : Tapen Sinha
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Climate Change And Intellectual Property Rights For New Plant Varieties written by Tapen Sinha and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Debates between developing and developed countries over access to technology to mitigate or adapt to climate change tend to overlook the importance of biotechnology. There has been little comparative analysis of competing IPR regimes for biotechnology. Moreover, the role that compulsory licensing might play in international biotechnology transfer has not been explored in depth. This article focuses on the role of intellectual property rights (IPRs) in the international transfer of new plant varieties. Climate change will increase the importance of the development of new plant varieties (primarily genetically modified ones) that can adapt to changing (and more extreme) climactic conditions. We begin our analysis by examining the science and impact of climate change. We then provide an overview of the debates regarding IPRs and international technology transfer. We argue that the impact of IPRs on international technology transfer varies from one area of technology to the next. IPRs represent a more significant obstacle to international biotechnology transfer than they do in other technologies. Subsistence farming increases developing countries' vulnerability to climate change and their need to access the biotechnology on favorable terms. In this regard, the issues that arise with respect to biotechnology are closer to those regarding pharmaceuticals than to those regarding clean energy technology. We therefore compare the economics of IPRs for biotechnology and pharmaceuticals. We then provide a comparative analysis of IPRs for biotechnology in the WTO TRIPS Agreement, the UPOV Convention and the Convention on Biological Diversity. This analysis sheds light on the policy options available to developing countries under the current international legal regime.
The Museum Of Bioprospecting Intellectual Property And The Public Domain
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Author : Joseph Henry Vogel
language : en
Publisher: Anthem Press
Release Date : 2011
The Museum Of Bioprospecting Intellectual Property And The Public Domain written by Joseph Henry Vogel and has been published by Anthem Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Law categories.
'The Museum of Bioprospecting, Intellectual Property, and the Public Domain' addresses one of the most pressing policy issues of our day: intellectual property rights versus the public domain in facilitating access to genetic resources for biotechnology development. The issue is examined in the context of a proposal submitted by seven fictional scholars to an imaginary octogenarian, whose humor provides an original addition to the discussion.
Food Security Biological Diversity And Intellectual Property Rights
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Author : Muriel Lightbourne
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-04-15
Food Security Biological Diversity And Intellectual Property Rights written by Muriel Lightbourne and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-15 with Law categories.
This volume advances the claim that the FAO International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) adopted in 2001 is the only existing international agreement with the potential to promote food security, conservation of biodiversity and equity. However, for germplasm-rich countries, national interests come into conflict with the global interest. This work shows that the pursuit of national interests is counterproductive when it comes to maintaining genetic resources, food-security and rent-seeking and that optimally, the coverage of the FAO Treaty should be widened to apply to all crops.
The Biodiversity Convention Intellectual Property Rights And Ownership Of Genetic Resources
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
The Biodiversity Convention Intellectual Property Rights And Ownership Of Genetic Resources written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
This report examines the provisions of the 1992 Convention on Biological Diversity and the parallel discussions within the United Nations Food & Agriculture Organization (FAO) and issues arising from the Convention related to the use of intellectual property rights (IPR) as part of the sharing of benefits from the utilization of genetic resources. The report outlines some of the approaches being proposed and considered within identified international organizations and certain resource-rich (primarily developing) countries on the following issues: access to genetic resources, both in terms of the tangible resource itself and to the intangible information contained within the genetic material of the resource; ownership and use of the tangible and intangible property in the genetic resources; and how these issues are being addressed (for example through access agreements, prior informed consent mechanisms, or material transfer agreements). The report first analyzes the convention with respect to biotechnology and IPR, then discusses the FAO and the global system for the conservation and utilization of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. This is followed by a survey of comparative approaches to the IPR/biodiversity linkage in the Andean Pact countries, Costa Rica, Mexico, Africa, India, Philippines, Indonesia, Australia, New Zealand, and regional round tables. The final section surveys international activities of governmental and non-governmental organizations. The appendix contains a questionnaire used in the study.
Wipo Unep Study On The Role Of Intellectual Property Rights In The Sharing Of Benefits Arising From The Use Of Biological Resources And Associated Traditional Knowledge
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Author : Anil K. Gupta (professor.)
language : en
Publisher: WIPO
Release Date : 2004
Wipo Unep Study On The Role Of Intellectual Property Rights In The Sharing Of Benefits Arising From The Use Of Biological Resources And Associated Traditional Knowledge written by Anil K. Gupta (professor.) and has been published by WIPO this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Law categories.
The objective of this study is to identify and explore the role of intellectual property rights in sharing the benefits arising from the use of biological resources and associated traditional knowledge. It was commissioned in response to Decision IV/9 of the Conference of the Parties to the Conventional on Biological Diversity, and highlights the need, when genetic resources are first accessed, for a understanding of intellectual property issues, as they relate to traditional knowledge of biological resources.