The Role Of Septin 5 In Exocytosis
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The Role Of Septin 5 In Exocytosis
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Author : Eric Zholumbetov
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Role Of Septin 5 In Exocytosis written by Eric Zholumbetov and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Septins are an evolutionarily conserved family of proteins that have been implicated in a multitude of cellular processes. Septin 5 is mainly expressed in the nervous system and it has been linked to regulated secretion through its binding to the SNARE protein syntaxin 1. However, the exact mechanism of septin 5 function in localized exocytosis remains unknown. Over-expression of septin 5 is known to lead to lower levels of secretion in HIT-T15 cells. Interestingly, in the current study, the knock-down of septin 5 also results in reduced levels of regulated secretion in PC12 cells, suggesting a more complex role of septin 5 that includes both negative and positive effects on exocytosis. Septin 5 knock-down data point to a possibility of septin 5 facilitating formation of a tether between the vesicles and their site of secretion.
The Septin Cdcrel 1 Microform Protein Associations Modifications And Effects On Exocytosis
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Author : Crestina L. Beites
language : en
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
Release Date : 2004
The Septin Cdcrel 1 Microform Protein Associations Modifications And Effects On Exocytosis written by Crestina L. Beites and has been published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
SNARE proteins mediate the docking and/or fusion of the vesicle with the plasma membrane. However, it is not clearly understood how this process is regulated. In a search for potential SNARE regulators, we have identified a novel snare interacting protein, the septin CDCrel-1. Septins were first identified as filamentous proteins required for cytokinesis in yeast. However, in mammals little is known about their functions. I show here that cdcrel-1 is predominantly expressed in the brain where it associates with membranes via binding to syntaxin 1A. Wildtype CDCrel-1 transfected into HIT-T15 cells inhibits secretion while mutated forms of CDCrel-1 potentiate secretion, suggesting that cdcrel-1 may be regulating vesicle targeting and/or fusion events. I further map the CDCrel-1 domains important for syntaxin binding and investigate the ability of CDCrel-1 to bind to syntaxin when in various SNARE complexes. CDCrel-1 can bind syntaxin in a SNARE complex, but its binding is occluded by alpha-SNAP. This suggests that CDCrel-1 may act as a novel filamentous element, regulating the delivery and/or fusion of vesicles to the presynaptic membrane through its interaction with syntaxin and the 7S complex. The regulation of filaments may be via post-translational modifications. Indeed we have discovered a novel interaction between SUMO E3 PIAS proteins and CDCrel-1. The conjugation of SUMO to substrates is dependent upon an E1 and E2, whereas specificity is mediated by an E3. Although several SUMO-1 substrates have been characterized, conjugation solely by SUMO-2/3 has not been described. Here I describe the colocalization of CDCrel-1 with SUMO-2 and 3 but not SUMO-1. Transfection of SUMO-2/3 but not SUMO-1 causes a reorganization of CDCrel-1 distribution in CHO cells. Furthermore, CDCrel-1 sequesters the nuclear pool of SUMO-2/3 and of the E2 Ubc9 but not SUMO1 into the cytoplasm. Sumoylation of CDCrel-l is shown in vivo and putative SUMO modification sites on CDCrel-1 are investigated by deletion of lysine residues. These experiments strongly suggest that CDCrel-1 is sumoylated specifically by SUMO-2/3. Sumoylation of CDCrel-1 may therefore play a regulatory role in secretion and septin filament formation. Future work will be aimed at determining the functional significance of SUMO modified CDCrel-1.
Emerging Functions Of Septins Volume Ii
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Author : Manoj B. Menon
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-07-12
Emerging Functions Of Septins Volume Ii written by Manoj B. Menon and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-07-12 with Science categories.
Autoimmunity And The Brain Paraneoplastic Neurological Injury And Beyond
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Author : John Greenlee
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-06-07
Autoimmunity And The Brain Paraneoplastic Neurological Injury And Beyond written by John Greenlee and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-07 with Medical categories.
The Molecular Biology Of The Yeast Saccharomyces Life Cycle And Inheritance
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Author : Jeffrey N. Strathern
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1981
The Molecular Biology Of The Yeast Saccharomyces Life Cycle And Inheritance written by Jeffrey N. Strathern and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1981 with Science categories.
The Septins
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Author : Peter A. Hall
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2008-11-20
The Septins written by Peter A. Hall and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-11-20 with Science categories.
"The authors represent most of the key figures and the work and the book as a whole is an essential reference for the newcomer or specialist in this area and for any student of eukaryotic cell structure and function. This is an important and wonderful reference." –Microbiology Today, May 2009 Septins are an evolutionarily conserved group of GTP-binding and filament-forming proteins that were originally discovered in yeast. Once the preserve of a small band of yeast biologists, the field has grown rapidly in the past few years and now encompasses the whole of animal and fungal biology. Furthermore, septins are nowadays recognized to be involved in a variety of disease processes from neoplasia to neurodegenerative conditions. This book comprehensively examines the septin gene family and their proteins, providing those new to this research area with a detailed and wide ranging introduction to septin biology. It starts with a unique historical perspective on the development of the field, from its beginnings in the screen for cell division mutants by the Nobel Laureate Lee Hartwell. The evolution of the septin gene family then forms a basis for consideration of the biochemistry and functions of septins in yeast and other model organisms including C. elegans and Drosophila. A major part of the book considers the diversity of septins in mammals, their functions and properties as well as their involvement in normal and abnormal cellular states, followed by a speculative overview from the editors of the key questions in septin research and of where the field may be headed. In addition, several appendices summarise important information for those in, or just entering, the field, e.g. nomenclature and septin and septin-like sequences. This book is an essential source of reference material for researchers in septin biology, cell biology, genetics and medicine, in particular pathology, including areas of neurobiology, oncology, infectious disease and developmental biology.
Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 Cdk5
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Author : Nancy Y. Ip
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-02-28
Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 Cdk5 written by Nancy Y. Ip and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-28 with Medical categories.
Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 provides a comprehensive and up-to-date collection of reviews on the discovery, signaling mechanisms and functions of Cdk5, as well as the potential implication of Cdk5 in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Since the identification of this unique member of the Cdk family, Cdk5 has emerged as one of the most important signal transduction mediators in the development, maintenance and fine-tuning of neuronal functions and networking. Further studies have revealed that Cdk5 is also associated with the regulation of neuronal survival during both developmental stages and in neurodegenerative diseases. These observations indicate that precise control of Cdk5 is essential for the regulation of neuronal survival. The pivotal role Cdk5 appears to play in both the regulation of neuronal survival and synaptic functions thus raises the interesting possibility that Cdk5 inhibitors may serve as therapeutic treatment for a number of neurodegenerative diseases.
Emerging Functions Of Septins
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Author : Manoj B. Menon
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-10-10
Emerging Functions Of Septins written by Manoj B. Menon and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-10 with Electronic book categories.
Together with the microfilament, microtubule and intermediate-filament networks, septins constitute an integral part of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Historically identified as proteins critical for septum formation in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, septin family GTPases are expressed and participate in the process of cytokinesis in most eukaryotes except higher plants. More than a dozen septin genes in mammals, together with various splice variants displaying tissue-specific expression patterns and flexible hetero-polymeric higher-order assembly achieve an unfathomable complexity superior to the other cytoskeletal components. Even though the initial studies in the septin field was restricted to their evolutionarily conserved role in cell division, strong expression of septins in the non-dividing cells of the brain generated great interest in understanding their role in neuronal morphogenesis and other aspects of cellular function. On one hand, recent developments indicate complex non-canonical roles for septins in diverse processes ranging from neuronal development to immune response and calcium signaling. On the other hand several lines of data including those from knockout models question the universal role for septins in animal cell cytokinesis. Mammalian hematopoietic cells seem to proliferate and efficiently undergo cytokinesis in the absence of pivotal septin proteins in a context-dependent manner. The lack of septin-dependence of hematopoiesis also opens the possibility of safely targeting septin-dependent cytokinesis for solid-tumor therapy. Thus the septin field is perfectly poised with novel roles for septins being discovered and the basic understanding on septin assembly and its canonical functions constantly revisited. The objective of this research topic was to provide an exclusive platform for discussing these rapid advances in the septin field. With a mixture of reviews and research articles encompassing diverse areas of septin research, ranging from the humble yeast model to human cancer, this ebook will be an interesting reading material for both experts as well as new comers to the septin field.
Encyclopedia Of Signaling Molecules
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 19??
Encyclopedia Of Signaling Molecules written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 19?? with categories.
Epigenetic Epidemiology
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Author : Karin B. Michels
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-01-02
Epigenetic Epidemiology written by Karin B. Michels and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-02 with Medical categories.
The exploding field of epigenetics is challenging the dogma of traditional Mendelian inheritance. Epigenetics plays an important role in shaping who we are and contributes to our prospects of health and disease. While early epigenetic research focused on plant and animal models and in vitro experiments, population-based epidemiologic studies increasingly incorporate epigenetic components. The relevance of epigenetic marks, such as DNA methylation, genomic imprinting, and histone modification for disease causation has yet to be fully explored.This book covers the basic concepts of epigenetic epidemiology, discusses challenges in study design, analysis, and interpretation, epigenetic laboratory techniques, the influence of age and environmental factors on shaping the epigenome, the role of epigenetics in the developmental origins hypothesis, and provides the state of the art on the epigenetic epidemiology of various health conditions including childhood syndromes, cancer, infectious diseases, inflammation and rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders, psychiatric disorders, diabetes, obesity and metabolic disorders, and atherosclerosis. With contributions from: Peter Jones, Jean-Pierre Issa, Gavin Kelsey, Robert Waterland, and many other experts in epigenetics!