The Role Of Toll Like Receptors Tlr In Infection And Inflammation
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The Role Of Toll Like Receptors Tlr In Infection And Inflammation
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Author : Ralf Kircheis
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
The Role Of Toll Like Receptors Tlr In Infection And Inflammation written by Ralf Kircheis and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with categories.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a powerful system for the recognition and elimination of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from dying cells. Typical PAMPs include bacterial cell wall components, viral pathogens, or pathogenic nucleic acids, including viral RNA and DNA. Activation of TLRs leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons which are important for the induction of the host immune response against bacterial and viral infections. However, dysregulation and overstimulation can be detrimental, leading to hyper-inflammation, sepsis, and loss of tissue integrity. The involvement of TLRs in inflammation and bacterial infection has been recognized for a long time. There is an increasing number of reports demonstrating the involvement of TLR activation in a variety of viral infections, associated with protective immunity, but also immune hyper activation and even viral replication. Recent data show the involvement of TLR activation in various acute respiratory viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 and indicate an essential role in COVID-19 pathology. It aimed to gather newest data and hypotheses regarding molecular and cellular mechanisms of TLR triggering and activation and their downstream signaling pathways by viral infections, and their correlation to immunology and pathophysiology of the associated diseases, to facilitate translational research resulting in new targets for the treatment of viral infectious diseases including COVID-19.
The Role Of Toll Like Receptors Tlr In Infection And Inflammation
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Author : Ralf Kircheis
language : en
Publisher: Mdpi AG
Release Date : 2023-05-26
The Role Of Toll Like Receptors Tlr In Infection And Inflammation written by Ralf Kircheis and has been published by Mdpi AG this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-05-26 with Science categories.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a powerful system for the recognition and elimination of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from dying cells. Typical PAMPs include bacterial cell wall components, viral pathogens, or pathogenic nucleic acids, including viral RNA and DNA. Activation of TLRs leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons which are important for the induction of the host immune response against bacterial and viral infections. However, dysregulation and overstimulation can be detrimental, leading to hyper-inflammation, sepsis, and loss of tissue integrity. The involvement of TLRs in inflammation and bacterial infection has been recognized for a long time. There is an increasing number of reports demonstrating the involvement of TLR activation in a variety of viral infections, associated with protective immunity, but also immune hyper activation and even viral replication. Recent data show the involvement of TLR activation in various acute respiratory viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2 and indicate an essential role in COVID-19 pathology. It aimed to gather newest data and hypotheses regarding molecular and cellular mechanisms of TLR triggering and activation and their downstream signaling pathways by viral infections, and their correlation to immunology and pathophysiology of the associated diseases, to facilitate translational research resulting in new targets for the treatment of viral infectious diseases including COVID-19.
Toll Like Receptors In Inflammation
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Author : Luke A.J. O'Neill
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-03-16
Toll Like Receptors In Inflammation written by Luke A.J. O'Neill and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-03-16 with Medical categories.
A repertoire of 10 TLRs mediate the first response to all microbes that infect mammals. They are the long sought receptors for a wide range of microbial products. Notable examples include TLR4 which recognizes LPS from gram negative bacteria, TLR3 which recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and TLR9 which recognizes CpG DNA motifs, found commonly in both viruses and bacteria. TLRs are increasingly being implicated in both infectious and inflammatory diseases, notable examples being sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis and asthma. There is therefore great interest in targeting TLRs therapeutically since blocking TLRs will result in a decrease in the production of inflammatory mediators such as TNF. This volume covers our current understanding of TLRs, and their role in inflammation. Given the primacy of TLRs in the inflammatory process and their emerging role in inflammatory diseases the book is of great interest to researchers working in inflammation and immunology.
The Role Of Toll Like Receptors And Their Related Signaling Pathways In Viral Infection And Inflammation
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Author : Ralf Kircheis
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2024-02-01
The Role Of Toll Like Receptors And Their Related Signaling Pathways In Viral Infection And Inflammation written by Ralf Kircheis and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-02-01 with Science categories.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent a powerful system for recognition and elimination of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) from bacteria, viruses, and other pathogens and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from dying cells. TLRs are mainly expressed on immune cells, but can also be present on other cell populations. Typical PAMPs include bacterial cell wall components, viral pathogens, or pathogenic nucleic acids, including viral RNA and DNA. Activation of TLRs leads to the production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I interferons which are important for induction of the host immune response against bacterial and viral infections. However, dysregulation and overstimulation can be detrimental leading to hyper-inflammation, sepsis, and loss of tissue integrity. Furthermore, TLRs are involved in the pathogenesis of acute viral infections, including COVID-19. Consequently, TLRs are promising targets for pharmacological intervention and treatment.
Toll Like Receptors In Inflammation
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Author : Luke A.J. O'Neill
language : en
Publisher: Birkhäuser
Release Date : 2009-09-03
Toll Like Receptors In Inflammation written by Luke A.J. O'Neill and has been published by Birkhäuser this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-03 with Medical categories.
A repertoire of 10 TLRs mediate the first response to all microbes that infect mammals. They are the long sought receptors for a wide range of microbial products. Notable examples include TLR4 which recognizes LPS from gram negative bacteria, TLR3 which recognizes viral double-stranded RNA and TLR9 which recognizes CpG DNA motifs, found commonly in both viruses and bacteria. TLRs are increasingly being implicated in both infectious and inflammatory diseases, notable examples being sepsis, inflammatory bowel disease, atherosclerosis and asthma. There is therefore great interest in targeting TLRs therapeutically since blocking TLRs will result in a decrease in the production of inflammatory mediators such as TNF. This volume covers our current understanding of TLRs, and their role in inflammation. Given the primacy of TLRs in the inflammatory process and their emerging role in inflammatory diseases the book is of great interest to researchers working in inflammation and immunology.
The Role Of Toll Like Receptor 4 In Infectious And Non Infectious Inflammation
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Author : Carlo Rossetti
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-10-30
The Role Of Toll Like Receptor 4 In Infectious And Non Infectious Inflammation written by Carlo Rossetti and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-30 with Science categories.
TLR4 is one of the most important innate immunity receptors, its function mainly consisting in the activation of inflammatory pathways in response to stimulation by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and Damage Associated Molecular Pattern molecules (DAMPs). This volume critically reviews the different types of TLR4 activators and inhibitors, discusses the role of molecular aggregates in agonism/antagonism as well as the pivotal role of the CD14 receptor in the modulation of TLR4 signal and the molecular details and actors of the intracellular cascade. The book presents the role of TLR4 in several pathologies, such as sepsis and septic shock caused by receptor activation by gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in neurodegenerative and neurological diseases such as Parkinson and Alzheimer’s diseases, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). It reviews the role of TLR4 in neural stem cell-mediated neurogenesis and neuroinflammation and in Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells and Cerebral Organoids and discusses the emerging role of micro-RNA (miRNA) regulation by TLR4.
Toll Like Receptors In Health And Disease
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Author : Vijay Kumar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-06
Toll Like Receptors In Health And Disease written by Vijay Kumar and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-06 with Medical categories.
The current book is focussed on the Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are the first pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) discovered in humans. For example, TLR4 was first recognized in humans in 1997 as a PRR recognizing the Gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). This discovery revolutionized the field of innate immunity and filled the long-standing gap in the pathogen recognition by the immune system. Now, it is well established that humans have 10 (TLR1-TLR10) and mice have 12 (TLR1-TLR13) functional TLRs, excluding TLR10 that is present as a defective pseudogene. TLRs are present as both membrane-bound extracellular (TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR10) and intracellular (TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, and TLR9) PRRs in humans, which identify different pathogen or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs) and death or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released by the host cells. A lot of development in the TLR biology has occurred in last 24 years since there first discovery in humans. The book is intended to describe their role in the host defence, human reproduction, non-infectious sterile inflammatory conditions, including brain immunity and cerebrovascular diseases, signaling mechanisms, adaptive immunity, and their targeting for drug development.
Toll Like Receptors Tlrs And Innate Immunity
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Author : Stefan Bauer
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-12-11
Toll Like Receptors Tlrs And Innate Immunity written by Stefan Bauer and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-11 with Medical categories.
Overall recent research on TLRs has led to tremendous increase in our understanding of early steps in pathogen recognition and will presumably lead to potent TLR targeting therapeutics in the future. This book reviews and highlights our recent understanding on the function and ligands of TLRs as well as their role in autoimmunity, dendritic cell activation and target structures for therapeutic intervention.
Thirty Years Since The Discovery Of Toll Like Receptors
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Author : Vijay Kumar
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2024-03-20
Thirty Years Since The Discovery Of Toll Like Receptors written by Vijay Kumar and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-03-20 with Medical categories.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have attracted interest due to their role in detecting pathogens and regulating the pro-inflammatory immune response. To date, 10 functional TLRs (TLR1–10) have been detected in humans. These TLRs control diverse immunological and embryonic development processes to maintain immune homeostasis and healthy fetal growth and development. They recognize diverse pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and death/damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) to maintain immune homeostasis via regulating diverse immunological processes. This book discusses TLRs from their evolution to immunological functions governing infection and inflammation pathogenesis, cancer immunology, and their interactions with other pro-inflammatory molecules generated during inflammation pathogenesis. It is a must-read for researchers interested in TLR biology and the role of TLRs in infection, immunity, and cancer.
Toll Like Receptors Roles In Infection And Neuropathology
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Author : Tammy Kielian
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-08-19
Toll Like Receptors Roles In Infection And Neuropathology written by Tammy Kielian and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-19 with Medical categories.
Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) were first identified in 1997 based on their homology with Drosophila Toll, which mediates innate immunity in the fly. In recent years, the number of studies describing TLR expression and function in the nervous system has been increasing steadily and expanding beyond their traditional roles in infectious diseases to neurodegenerative disorders and injury. Interest in the field serves as the impetus for this volume in the Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology series entitled "Toll-like receptors: Roles in Infection and Neuropathology". The first five chapters highlight more traditional roles for TLRs in infectious diseases of the CNS. The second half of the volume discusses recently emerging roles for TLRs in non-infectious neurodegenerative diseases and the challenges faced in these models with identifying endogenous ligands. Several conceptual theories are introduced in various chapters that deal with the dual nature of TLR engagement and whether these signals favor neuroprotective versus neurodegenerative outcomes. This volume should be informative for both experts as well as newcomers to the field of TLRs in the nervous system based on its coverage of basic TLR biology as well as specialization to discuss specific diseases of the nervous system where TLR function has been implicated. A must read for researchers interested in the dual role of these receptors in neuroinfection and neurodegeneration.