The Role Of Working Memory And Cognitive Inhibition In Reading Comprehension
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The Role Of Working Memory And Cognitive Inhibition In Reading Comprehension
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Author : Terry Kirkpatrick
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
The Role Of Working Memory And Cognitive Inhibition In Reading Comprehension written by Terry Kirkpatrick and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
The Contribution Of Attentional Control And Working Memory To Reading Comprehension And Decoding
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Author : Candice N. Arrington
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The Contribution Of Attentional Control And Working Memory To Reading Comprehension And Decoding written by Candice N. Arrington and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Psychology categories.
Working memory plays an important role in the development of a coherent representation of information being read in text, which is necessary for adequate reading comprehension. Individual differences in working memory are significantly impacted by the attentional control functions of the central executive, the controlling mechanism of working memory. Attentional control is comprised of a group of functions; response inhibition, sustained attention, and cognitive inhibition. In the current study, I addressed the relation of reading comprehension, decoding skills, working memory, and attentional control in 1134 adolescent students from grades 6 - 12. The results revealed that sustained attention and cognitive inhibition, but not response inhibition, were significantly related to working memory. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated a differential relation between attentional control and reading comprehension versus decoding. Sustained attention and cognitive inhibition significantly contributed to reading comprehension while response inhibition was a significant predictor of decoding ability. These results indicate that working memory operates differently in relation to decoding and comprehension due to differential associations of attentional control and working memory.
A Less Simple View Of Reading
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Author : Jane McClure
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
A Less Simple View Of Reading written by Jane McClure and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
The present study examines the influencing effect of executive functions, specifically inhibition and working memory, on the relationship between decoding and reading comprehension. The current research suggests that the decoding-comprehension relationship is likely more complex than past theoretical models have postulated. Recently, the idea that non-linguistic cognitive skills may be responsible for this relationship has gained traction. As a part of the NHLP, a longitudinal cohort study conducted in New Haven, Connecticut, 256 students were asked to complete reading and executive function measures, as the children progressed through grade 1 and 2. These measures included tasks independently designed to assess decoding, working memory, inhibition and vocabulary, as well as two separate measures of reading comprehension. Results showed that inhibition acted as a significant mediator in both the decoding-comprehension and vocabulary-comprehension relationships. The results also showed that working memory acted as a significant moderator of the direct effect in the decoding-comprehension relationship, but did not moderate the vocabulary-comprehension relationship. These findings support the idea that decoding and language alone are not solely responsible for reading comprehension performance, and that other non-linguistic factors must be taken into consideration. Better understanding the decoding-comprehension relationship has important implications for teaching practice, and early identification and intervention required for exceptional learners.
Emerging Themes In Cognitive Development
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Author : Mark L. Howe
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Emerging Themes In Cognitive Development written by Mark L. Howe and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Psychology categories.
Emerging Themes in Cognitive Development, Volumes I and II offer the full spectrum of current knowledge and research trends in cognitive developmental psychology. The first volume provides a foundation by describing key discoveries in new areas of research and by thoroughly examining fundamental aspects of the field, including several demonstrations of formal modeling; the gains in prediction and precision that can be won by such mathematical analyses are the hallmark of cognitive development as a maturing science. The second volume traces the development of cognitive competence - denoting a change or increment in cognitive proficiency, understanding, or mastery - and includes analyses of innovative and previously unpublished studies. The primary challenge issued by many of the authors in this volume is to ensure the incorporation of new knowledge into educational practices. These volumes, which are milestones in cognitive developmental psychology, interest every researcher in the field.
Improving Working Memory In Learning And Intellectual Disabilities
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Author : Silvia Lanfranchi
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-08-05
Improving Working Memory In Learning And Intellectual Disabilities written by Silvia Lanfranchi and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-05 with Psychology categories.
The last forty years of research have demonstrated that working memory (WM) is a key concept for understanding higher-order cognition. To give an example, WM is involved in reading comprehension, problem solving and reasoning, but also in a number of everyday life activities. It has a clear role in the case of atypical development too. For instance, numerous studies have shown an impairment in WM in individuals with learning disabilities (LD) or intellectual disabilities (ID); and several researchers have hypothesized that this can be linked to their difficulties in learning, cognition and everyday life. The latest challenge in the field concerns the trainability of WM. If it is a construct central to our understanding of cognition in typical and atypical development, then specific intervention to sustain WM performance might also promote changes in cognitive processes associated with WM. The idea that WM can be modified is debated, however, partly because of the theoretical implications of this view, and partly due to the generally contradictory results obtained so far. In fact, most studies converge in demonstrating specific effects of WM training, i.e. improvements in the trained tasks, but few transfer effects to allied cognitive processes are generally reported. It is worth noting that any maintenance effects (when investigated) are even more meagre. In addition, a number of methodological concerns have been raised in relation to the use of: 1. single tasks to assess the effects of a training program; 2. WM tasks differing from those used in the training to assess the effects of WM training; and 3. passive control groups. These and other crucial issues have so far prevented any conclusions from being drawn on the efficacy of WM training. Bearing in mind that the opportunity to train WM could have a huge impact in the educational and clinical settings, it seems fundamentally important to shed more light on the limits and potential of this line of research. The aim of the research discussed here is to generate new evidence on the feasibility of training WM in individuals with LD and ID. There are several questions that could be raised in this field. For a start, can WM be trained in this population? Are there some aspects of WM that can be trained more easily than others? Can a WM training reduce the impact of LD and ID on learning outcomes, and on everyday living? What kind of training program is best suited to the promotion of such changes?
Working Memory And Human Cognition
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Author : John T. E. Richardson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1996-05-16
Working Memory And Human Cognition written by John T. E. Richardson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-05-16 with Psychology categories.
This new volume in the Counterpoints series compares and contrasts different conceptions of working memory, generally recognized as the human cognitive system responsible for temporary storage of information. The book includes proponents of several different views. Robert Logie discusses the theoretical and empirical utility of separating working memory into an articulatory loop, a phonological store, and a visuo-spatial sketchpad into visual and spatial subsystems. Patricia Carpenter provides evidence for a process view of working memory, arguing that both task-specific processing and general processing capabilities can account for the full range of working memory phenomena. She focuses on findings from reading comprehension and memory tasks suggesting that working memory is used to represent the set of skills and strategies necessary for complex tasks, while retaining residual capacity for use as a storage buffer. Lynn Hasher argues in favor of the new inhibitory model, with evidence drawn from the literature on aging and pathology that demonstrates parallels between memory disorders and normal memory functioning. Randall Engle addresses the issue of whether working memory resources are required for retrieval of information or whether that task is relatively automatic. Engle's empirical studies, in turn, bear directly on the positions of Carpenter, Hasher, and Logie. As interest in working memory is increasing at a rapid pace, an open discussion of the central issues involved is both useful and timely. This work serves this purpose for a wide audience of cognitive psychologists and their students.
Working Memory And Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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Author : Tracy Packiam Alloway
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2012-08-06
Working Memory And Neurodevelopmental Disorders written by Tracy Packiam Alloway and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-06 with Psychology categories.
Short-term or working memory - the capacity to hold and manipulate information mentally over brief periods of time - plays an important role in supporting a wide range of everyday activities, particularly in childhood. Children with weak working memory skills often struggle in key areas of learning and, given its impact on cognitive abilities, the identification of working memory impairments is a priority for those who work with children with learning disabilities. Working Memory and Neurodevelopmental Disorders supports clinical assessment and management of working memory deficits by summarising the current theoretical understanding and methods of assessment of working memory. It outlines the working memory profiles of individuals with a range of neurodevelopmental disorders (including Down's syndrome, Williams syndrome, Specific Language Impairment, and ADHD), and identifies useful means of alleviating the anticipated learning difficulties of children with deficits of working memory. This comprehensive and informative text will appeal to academics and researchers in cognitive psychology, neuropsychology and developmental psychology, and will be useful reading for students in these areas. Educational psychologists will also find this a useful text, as it covers the role of working memory in learning difficulties specific to the classroom.
Working Memory Capacity
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Author : Nelson Cowan
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2016-04-14
Working Memory Capacity written by Nelson Cowan and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-04-14 with Psychology categories.
The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Executive Skills And Reading Comprehension
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Author : Kelly B. Cartwright
language : en
Publisher: Guilford Publications
Release Date : 2023-03-31
Executive Skills And Reading Comprehension written by Kelly B. Cartwright and has been published by Guilford Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-03-31 with Education categories.
"How do K-12 students become self-regulated learners who actively deploy comprehension strategies to make meaning from texts? This cutting-edge guide is the first book to highlight the importance of executive skills for improving reading comprehension. Chapters review the research base for particular executive functions/m-/such as planning, organization, cognitive flexibility, and impulse control/m-/and present practical skills-building strategies for the classroom. Detailed examples show what each skill looks like in real readers, and sidebars draw explicit connections to the Common Core State Standards (CCSS)"--
Working Memory And Education
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2006-05-22
Working Memory And Education written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-05-22 with Psychology categories.
Psychologists have been trying to understand the factors that underpin children's success and failure in different educational domains for many years. One psychological function that has been found to play an important role in educational achievement is 'working memory', the processes involved in the temporary maintenance and manipulation of information. This book provides the reader with an up-to-date review of the research that has identified how working memory relates to academic attainment in: reading, reading comprehension, arithmetic and writing, as well as looking at how children with difficulties relating to hearing impairment and attention deficits differ in terms of their working memory. Other chapters focus on how working memory is called upon in classroom settings, how working memory can be assessed, and approaches to remediation. The opening chapter of the book provides an account of working memory from the architect of the model that has dominated psychological theory for over two decades. This book is a valuable resource for psychologists, educationalists, and anyone seeking to understand more about the cognitive basis of educational achievement in children. * It brings together in one volume information that would normally be found in different sources * It brings together two disciplines that are highly relevant to one another (psychology and education) but not often linked directly * Provides psychologists with a perspective on educational practice * Provides educationalists with a well-established psychological framework for viewing educational phenomena * It provides information about up-to-date research techniques * It provides suggestions on how psychological theory can be translated into practice in educational settings