The Savant Syndrome Intellectual Impairment Astonishing Condition
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The Savant Syndrome Intellectual Impairment Astonishing Condition
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Author : Osvaldo Cairó Battistutti
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021-03
The Savant Syndrome Intellectual Impairment Astonishing Condition written by Osvaldo Cairó Battistutti and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03 with categories.
Savant syndrome is one of the most fascinating phenomena in the study of human differences and cognitive psychology. An individual with savant syndrome is one who has been identified with a rare condition, mental disabilities, or certain disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, and who has one or more areas of extraordinary ability or brilliance, in stark contrast to serious individual general limitations. Their skills emerge spontaneously; they are literal, not symbolic; and they are not derived from practice. Savants have no idea of how they possess these skills. Their condition may be genetic, but may also be acquired in the pre-natal, perinatal, or postnatal stages. There are also cases in which savant syndrome is acquired later in life, following a blow to the head, a stroke, a central nervous system injury, or disease.The most dramatic examples of savant syndrome occur in individuals with exceptional skills in certain areas who simultaneously score very low on intelligence quotient tests. It is paradoxical that individuals with a low intelligence quotient can perform extremely complex mathematical calculations that, in most cases, only individuals with a high IQ can perform. They may pose a challenge to many theories of intelligence, since their performance cannot be understood in terms of conventional intelligence. Individuals with savant syndrome have a prodigious memory and spatial visualization abilities, are attracted to numbers and calendars, and are generally fascinated by music and art. Other skills, such as polyglottism, occur less frequently. The most common kind of savants are calendrical savants, also known as "human calendars," who can calculate the day of the week for any given date with remarkable speed and accuracy. It is disputed whether calculation, rather than memory alone, is involved. Half of savants are autistic, while the other half has mental retardation, CNS injury or disease, or other types of disorders such as Williams' syndrome, Smith-Magenis syndrome, Prader-Willis syndrome, loss of corpus callosum, etc. On the other hand, approximately one in ten autistic people (10%) show savant abilities. Savant syndrome is also approximately six times more frequent in men than in women. Hill (1978) calculated that of 105 individuals classified as savant in 63 publications, at least 85% were men. One of the more plausible explanations for savant syndrome is associated with a dysfunction of the left hemisphere of the brain, whose skills are more abstract, logical, and symbolic, while the right hemisphere is used to compensate, leading to a cortical reorganization. There are many hypotheses associated with understanding more about the Savant syndrome, but none of them are completely sufficient. This is a very heterogeneous area of research historically dominated by anecdotal reports. Additionally, since each savant has their own peculiarities, most reviews take the shape of a collection of stand-alone descriptions. As Ammari (2011) has stated, "there is a lack of unifying definitions, diagnostic tools, age categories, and spectrum of prodigy all of which might be regarded as a disadvantage to savant syndrome." Considering all these factors, the purpose of the present essay is to analyze the different cases more rigorously, considering mainly persons with severe intellectual impairment who can perform in sharply circumscribed areas at a remarkable high level. This is the first time that so many profiles have been brought together in a single paper or book. Twenty-nine of these savants are men and seven are women. Twenty-four of them are from the United States, six are from England, and one each is from Scotland, Italy, Turkey, the Philippines, Taiwan, and Malaysia. Seven of the people profiled here are acquired savants whose abilities emerged after a CNS injury or disease.
Extraordinary People
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Author : Darold A. Treffert
language : en
Publisher: HarperCollins Publishers
Release Date : 1989
Extraordinary People written by Darold A. Treffert and has been published by HarperCollins Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Psychology categories.
Discusses people with the Savant Syndrome, a rare condition in which phenomenal ability and talent appear in people with extreme disabilities.
Islands Of Genius
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Author : Darold A. Treffert
language : en
Publisher: Jessica Kingsley Publishers
Release Date : 2011-10-12
Islands Of Genius written by Darold A. Treffert and has been published by Jessica Kingsley Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-10-12 with Psychology categories.
In this fascinating book, Dr. Treffert looks at what we know about savant syndrome, and at new discoveries that raise interesting questions about the hidden brain potential within us all. He looks both at how savant skills can be nurtured, and how they can help the person who has them, particularly if that person is on the autism spectrum.
Extraordinary People
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Author : Darold A. Treffert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Extraordinary People written by Darold A. Treffert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with People with mental disabilities categories.
Extraordinary People
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Author : Darold A. Treffert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2000
Extraordinary People written by Darold A. Treffert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000 with Savant syndrome categories.
Born On A Blue Day
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Author : Daniel Tammet
language : en
Publisher: Simon and Schuster
Release Date : 2007-01-09
Born On A Blue Day written by Daniel Tammet and has been published by Simon and Schuster this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-09 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
A journey into one of the most fascinating minds alive today—guided by the owner himself. Bestselling author Daniel Tammet (Thinking in Numbers) is virtually unique among people who have severe autistic disorders in that he is capable of living a fully independent life and able to explain what is happening inside his head. He sees numbers as shapes, colors, and textures, and he can perform extraordinary calculations in his head. He can learn to speak new languages fluently, from scratch, in a week. In 2004, he memorized and recited more than 22,000 digits of pi, setting a record. He has savant syndrome, an extremely rare condition that gives him the most unimaginable mental powers, much like those portrayed by Dustin Hoffman in the film Rain Man. Fascinating and inspiring, Born on a Blue Day explores what it’s like to be special and gives us an insight into what makes us all human—our minds.
Fragments Of Genius
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Author : Michael J. A. Howe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1989
Fragments Of Genius written by Michael J. A. Howe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Psychology categories.
An Investigation Into The Clinical And Cognitive Correlates Of Savant Skills In Intellectually Able Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Author : Emily Bennett
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
An Investigation Into The Clinical And Cognitive Correlates Of Savant Skills In Intellectually Able Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Emily Bennett and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Whilst traditional definitions of savant syndrome assumed an association between intellectual impairment and talent in atypical populations, reports of outstanding talents in intellectually high functioning individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) highlighted limitations in these early definitions and led to a reconsideration of the syndrome. This redefinition raised interesting questions about how talented high functioning individuals with ASD might differ from those with the same diagnosis but without outstanding talents. Motivated by early and more recent theoretical models of savant syndrome, the studies described in this thesis investigated the clinical and cognitive correlates of savant syndrome in a comparison of age and intelligence matched children with ASD who did or did not possess outstanding skills. In the clinical assessment phase of testing, participants with outstanding skills, validated across a number of domains, together with groups of ASD and typically developing (TD) control participants completed tests of symptom severity, sensory abnormality and obsessionality. The results from these assessments failed to reveal a significant difference on measures of symptom severity between the ASD groups, although the savants appeared to be less impaired in the domain of creativity. There was also a trend for savants to be less impaired in sensory domains, and this was particularly marked in visual and auditory filtering which may be important for savant skills. The two ASD groups did not differ on the numbers of obsessions reported, although savant obsessions tended to be more focussed on functional domains (e.g. crafts and numbers) than the obsessions reported for non-savants. Both ASD groups showed marked obsessional tendencies in comparison to TD controls. The cognitive test battery probed concentration, intelligence, cognitive style and pattern perception in the two groups. This revealed superior concentration, pattern perception and performance on several measures of intelligence and local processing in the savant group. However, a logistic regression analysis carried out on the tests that distinguished savants and non-savants in the group comparison studies, showed that measures of concentration and working memory were most powerful in predicting savant status. It was therefore concluded that whilst new theoretical accounts of savant syndrome, highlighting superior pattern processing abilities, provide an advance on earlier theories, they underestimate the importance of working memory and therefore merit further revision.
Intellectual Disabilities E Book
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Author : Helen Atherton
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier Health Sciences
Release Date : 2022-03-13
Intellectual Disabilities E Book written by Helen Atherton and has been published by Elsevier Health Sciences this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-13 with Medical categories.
This leading textbook (previously known as Learning Disabilities) aims to further the practice of professionals and agencies who support people with intellectual disabilities. It emphasizes the strengths rather than deficits of people with intellectual disabilities, highlights the crucial role of family and friends, and places individuals firmly at the heart of everything that impacts them. Intellectual Disabilities: Toward Inclusion centres on the concepts of respecting the personhood of people with intellectual disabilities, and their rights to holistic health and to live their best lives. Most of the 27 chapters are co-authored by respected international authors, and the content has been fully updated to reflect contemporary policy, legislation and service configuration. This unique text will challenge and reframe typically held views, and provides an international focus that recognizes we have much to learn from the experiences and perspectives of other nations around the world. Comprehensive overview of the field – relevant to contemporary practice Content organized around three central themes: Who am I?; Maximizing my health; Living my best life Well-written and accessible Artwork and perspectives of people with intellectual disabilities bring content to life Authors from a range of professional backgrounds representing Australia, Austria, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, Malta, the Netherlands, Norway, South Africa, Spain, the UK, and the United States Activities, case studies, diagrams and useful web links Additional material in an online resource complements reader activities found throughout the text
Intellectual Disability
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Author : James C. Harris, M.D.
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2010-06-24
Intellectual Disability written by James C. Harris, M.D. and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-06-24 with Medical categories.
Approximately 2.5 million people in the United States--one percent of the population--have an intellectual disability (previously referred to as mental retardation). These conditions range from genetic disorders such as Down syndrome to disabilities caused by infectious diseases and brain injury. Intellectual Disability: A Guide for Families and Professionals, by one of the country's foremost authorities on intellectual disability, is a comprehensive resource that will be of importance to anyone with a personal connection to a child or adult with a neurodevelopmental disorder. Emphasizing the humanity of persons with intellectual and related developmental disabilities, psychiatrist and pediatrician James Harris provides essential information on assessment and diagnosis of intellectual disability, treatments for specific disorders, and ways to take advantage of the wide array of services available today. The focus throughout is on the development of the person, the positive supports necessary for self-determination, and, to the extent possible, independent decision making. Harris also surveys historical attitudes toward intellectual disability, the medical community's current understanding of its causes and frequency, and the associated physical, behavioral, and psychiatric conditions (such as seizure disorder, depression, and autism) that often accompany particular types of intellectual disability. The book addresses legal, medical, mental health, and research-related issues as well as matters of spirituality, highlighting the ways in which individuals with intellectual disability can meaningfully participate in the spiritual lives of their families and their communities. Each chapter ends with a series of key points to remember, and the book concludes with a list of additional resources of further interest. Intellectual Disability is a must-read for parents and families of those with neurodevelopmental disorders, providing guidance and essential information to help their family members effectively, and to make a significant, positive difference in their lives now and in the future.
