An Investigation Into The Clinical And Cognitive Correlates Of Savant Skills In Intellectually Able Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
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An Investigation Into The Clinical And Cognitive Correlates Of Savant Skills In Intellectually Able Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Author : Emily Bennett
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
An Investigation Into The Clinical And Cognitive Correlates Of Savant Skills In Intellectually Able Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Emily Bennett and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
Whilst traditional definitions of savant syndrome assumed an association between intellectual impairment and talent in atypical populations, reports of outstanding talents in intellectually high functioning individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) highlighted limitations in these early definitions and led to a reconsideration of the syndrome. This redefinition raised interesting questions about how talented high functioning individuals with ASD might differ from those with the same diagnosis but without outstanding talents. Motivated by early and more recent theoretical models of savant syndrome, the studies described in this thesis investigated the clinical and cognitive correlates of savant syndrome in a comparison of age and intelligence matched children with ASD who did or did not possess outstanding skills. In the clinical assessment phase of testing, participants with outstanding skills, validated across a number of domains, together with groups of ASD and typically developing (TD) control participants completed tests of symptom severity, sensory abnormality and obsessionality. The results from these assessments failed to reveal a significant difference on measures of symptom severity between the ASD groups, although the savants appeared to be less impaired in the domain of creativity. There was also a trend for savants to be less impaired in sensory domains, and this was particularly marked in visual and auditory filtering which may be important for savant skills. The two ASD groups did not differ on the numbers of obsessions reported, although savant obsessions tended to be more focussed on functional domains (e.g. crafts and numbers) than the obsessions reported for non-savants. Both ASD groups showed marked obsessional tendencies in comparison to TD controls. The cognitive test battery probed concentration, intelligence, cognitive style and pattern perception in the two groups. This revealed superior concentration, pattern perception and performance on several measures of intelligence and local processing in the savant group. However, a logistic regression analysis carried out on the tests that distinguished savants and non-savants in the group comparison studies, showed that measures of concentration and working memory were most powerful in predicting savant status. It was therefore concluded that whilst new theoretical accounts of savant syndrome, highlighting superior pattern processing abilities, provide an advance on earlier theories, they underestimate the importance of working memory and therefore merit further revision.
Nadia Revisited
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Author : Lorna Selfe
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2012-03-29
Nadia Revisited written by Lorna Selfe and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-03-29 with Psychology categories.
This book re-examines the case of Nadia, discovered as a child aged six, who had been drawing with phenomenal skill and visual realism from the age of three, despite having autism and severe learning difficulties. The original research was published in 1977 and caused great international interest. Nadia Revisited updates her story and reconsiders the theories that endeavour to explain her extraordinary talent. As well as summarising the central issues from the original case study and presenting her remarkable drawings, the book explains Nadia’s subsequent development and present situation in light of the recent research on autistic spectrum disorders and representational drawing in children. The book also considers the phenomenon of savant syndrome, the condition in which those with autism or other learning disabilities have areas of unusual talent that contrast dramatically with their general functioning. Lorna Selfe uses this single case study to discuss theories of developmental psychology and considers the possible links between prodigious talent and underlying neurological dysfunction. The book is especially valuable for students and teachers of developmental psychology and neuropsychology, education and special education, as well as art and art education. Parents of autistic children or those with related disorders, learning difficulties or special needs will also be interested in the discussions presented in this book.
Genetic Characteristics Of Savant Syndrome Among People With Autism
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Author : Hila Rosenthal
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2018
Genetic Characteristics Of Savant Syndrome Among People With Autism written by Hila Rosenthal and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018 with categories.
Background: Savant skills, which are defined as "outstanding skills in individuals with otherwise intellectual impairment," are significantly more common in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) than in any other group of people examined to date. The existence of such a considerable and well-defined group of extremely talented people within the autism spectrum suggests common underlying mechanisms that require further exploration. Therefore, we hypothesized that autistic children with savant skills will have different genetic architecture than other children with ASD. Methods: To explore this hypothesis, we compared the characteristics of copy-number variations (CNVs) and single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) between savant and non-savant children with ASD from the Simons Simplex Collection (SSC) dataset (n=1104 children). Children with savant skills were determined as those reported to have current exceptional talent in at least one of the following areas: music, drawing, arithmetic skills, reading or spatial vision. We evaluated the differences in behavioral, clinical and genetic characteristics between the savant and non-savant groups, as well as between groups of autistic children with different talents, using both univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. Results: A total of 352 (31.9%) children with ASD manifested at least one exceptional savant skill. These children had, on average, higher IQ level and tended to be evaluated by higher communicative-social modules. After accounting to these parameters, CNV burden was associated with several savant skills. Specifically, the size of rare copy deletions was significantly smaller among children with extraordinary computational skills compared to non-savant subjects as well as compared to subjects with other abilities. In addition, children who had exceptional reading ability had significantly smaller duplications compared to children with other abilities. Furthermore, the prevalence of SNVs was greater in the non-savant group than in the savant groups, but contrary to our hypothesis, there were no significant differences in SNVs count between these groups. Nevertheless, pathway analysis of genes containing these SNVs, revealed three pathways (REACTOME_PATHWAY, KEGG_PATHWAY, GOTERM_CC_DIRECT) that were enriched with SNVs among the savant group. Discussion: Our results suggest that genomic burden of CNVs contributes to susceptibility of specific savant skills among children with autism beyond the contribution of these CNVs to the observed intellectual and behavioral differences between savant and nonsavant children with ASD. In addition, the enrichment of de-novo SNVs in three pathways only among the savant group suggest a further genetic contribution to savant syndrome among people with ASD. These findings highlight the potential role of different genetic mechanisms in the predisposition of exceptional talents among children with ASD. -- Abstract.
Autism And Talent
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Author : Francesca Happé
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2010-03-18
Autism And Talent written by Francesca Happé and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-03-18 with Psychology categories.
Why do many autistic people develop outstanding abilities in domains like drawing, music, computation, and reading? What aspects of autism predispose some to talent? This book explores the origin and prevalence of exceptional talent, its basis in the brain, the current theories, and the representation of talent and autism in biography and fiction.
Learning And Cognition In Autism
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Author : Eric Schopler
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Learning And Cognition In Autism written by Eric Schopler and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Psychology categories.
This first-of-its-kind volume describes the cognitive and educational characteristics of people with autism. Leading experts in the field contribute papers to this book, explaining intervention techniques and strategies. Parents, researchers, professionals, and clinicians interested in educating people with autism will appreciate this volume.
Cognitive Factors Underlying Pragmatic Deficits In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Author : Hon-Kwan Wong
language : en
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
Release Date : 2017-01-27
Cognitive Factors Underlying Pragmatic Deficits In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder written by Hon-Kwan Wong and has been published by Open Dissertation Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-27 with categories.
This dissertation, "Cognitive Factors Underlying Pragmatic Deficits in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder" by Hon-kwan, Wong, 黃漢鈞, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Pragmatic language impairments have been found in children with high-functioning Autism (HFA). Limited studies have investigated the contributing factors. This study compared 23 children with HFA with 28 typically-developing children on pragmatic language measures, with their age, cognitive ability and language ability matched or controlled. Deficit of children with HFA was found in making inferences in comprehension but not in narrative ability, and abilities to make inferences in narrative and about psychological state. Theory of mind was an impairment for children with HFA and correlated with inferences about psychological state. In the measure of executive functioning at visual-perceptual level, better performance was found in children with HFA. This cognitive factor did not correlate with any pragmatic language measure. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5394337 Subjects: Children with autism spectrum disorders - Psychology Pragmatics
Patterns Of Cognitive Functioning In Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Author : Wai-On Ann So
language : en
Publisher: Open Dissertation Press
Release Date : 2017-01-27
Patterns Of Cognitive Functioning In Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Wai-On Ann So and has been published by Open Dissertation Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-01-27 with categories.
This dissertation, "Patterns of Cognitive Functioning in Young Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders" by Wai-on, Ann, So, 蘇惠安, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: Previous research demonstrates an uneven pattern of cognitive abilities in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). This study examined whether this uneven pattern exists in preschool children. Participants include 24 children with high-functioning ASD and 28 typically developing (TD) children aged 4 to 6 with comparable average age and development level. No significant group difference in cognitive abilities was found between the ASD and TD group on the MANOVA. Patterns of cognitive functioning found include better performance on memory, weaker performance on language comprehension and expression, fine motor and speed of processing. Nonverbal and visual motor abilities were comparable between groups. Language expression was less impaired than language comprehension, and fine motor abilities were correlated with more cognitive abilities. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5394332 Subjects: Autism spectrum disorders in children
Cognitive Development In Atypical Children
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Author : L.S. Siegel
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 1985
Cognitive Development In Atypical Children written by L.S. Siegel and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1985 with Medical categories.
For some time now, the study of cognitive development has been far and away the most active discipline within developmental psychology. Although there would be much disagreement as to the exact proportion of papers published in develop mental journals that could be considered cognitive, 50% seems like a conservative estimate. Hence, a series of scholarly books devoted to work in cognitive devel opment is especially appropriate at this time. The Springer Series in Cognitive Development contains two basic types of books, namely, edited collections of original chapters by several authors, and original volumes written by one author or a small group of authors. The flagship for the Springer Series is a serial publication of the "advances" type, carrying the subtitle Progress in Cognitive Development Research. Each volume in the Progress sequence is strongly thematic, in that it is limited to some well-defined domain of cognitive developmental research (e.g., logical and mathematical development, development of learning). All Progress volumes will be edited collections. Editors of such collections, upon consultation with the Series Editor, may elect to have their books published either as contributions to the Progress sequence or as separate volumes. All books written by one author or a small group of authors are being published as separate volumes within the series.
Assessment Of The Prerequisite Skills For Cognitive Behavioral Therapy In Children With And Without Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Author : Athena Lickel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Assessment Of The Prerequisite Skills For Cognitive Behavioral Therapy In Children With And Without Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Athena Lickel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Autism spectrum disorders in children categories.
Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) experience a high rate of comorbid mental health problems. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is effective in treating a variety of mental health problems among the mainstream population and recently has been extended to children and adolescents with ASD. Results from the available studies using CBT to treat comorbid psychopathology in children with ASD are mixed. Thus, it is unclear whether children with ASD are able to benefit from therapy employing a cognitive behavioral framework. The purpose of this study was to assess the cognitive skills of children with ASD thought to be necessary to benefit from CBT, including emotion recognition, differentiating among thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, and understanding cognitive mediation. Forty children with ASD and forty typically developing children between the ages of 7 to 12 years were recruited to participate. Although the groups were comparable with regard to nonverbal IQ and chronological age, the ASD group had a significantly lower verbal IQ. Children in the ASD group had a previous diagnosis of Autistic disorder, Asperger's syndrome, or Pervasive Developmental Disorder. Not Otherwise Specified and met current criteria for an ASD on well-validated diagnostic or screening measures. Twenty-eight of the children with ASD were male and 12 were female and 17 children in the typically developing group were male and 23 were female. Children in both groups completed an IQ test, a measure of receptive language, and three CBT tasks. Children with ASD performed significantly poorer on the emotion recognition task, F(1, 78) = 8.41, p = .005, thought, feeling, behavior discrimination task, F(1, 78) = 8.47, p = .005, and cognitive mediation task, F(1, 78) = 8.33, p = .005, as compared to the typically developing children. However, when verbal IQ was controlled for, only scores on the emotion recognition task remained significantly different between groups. CBT task performances were positively correlated with IQ, receptive language and age however the pattern of correlations was different between groups. Modifications to CBT that incorporate developmental considerations may be necessary for children with ASD, particularly those with lower verbal IQ. Tasks such as those employed in this study might assist therapists to determine if CBT is appropriate for children with ASD and may guide clinicians in adapting therapy for children in this population.
Intellectual And Academic Correlates Of Attention In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Author : M. Graciela Franzwa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Intellectual And Academic Correlates Of Attention In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder written by M. Graciela Franzwa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
