The Science Consistency Review
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The Science Consistency Review
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Author : James Mark Guldin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
The Science Consistency Review written by James Mark Guldin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Electronic books categories.
The paper outlines a process called the science consistency review, which can be used to evaluate the use of scientific information in land management decisions. Developed with specific reference to land management decisions in the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, the process involves assembling a team of reviewers under a review administrator to constructively criticize draft analysis and decision documents. Reviews are then forwarded to the responsible official, whose team of technical experts may revise the draft documents in response to reviewer concerns. The process is designed to proceed iteratively until reviewers are satisfied that key elements are consistent with available scientific information. Variations of the science consistency review have been applied elsewhere, but this paper represents the first effort to standardize the process for application to decisions within the agency.
The Science Consistency Review
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
The Science Consistency Review written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Forest policy categories.
The Science Consistency Review
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
The Science Consistency Review written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Forest policy categories.
Science Consistency Reviews
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Science Consistency Reviews written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Electronic books categories.
This primer outlines a formal process for a science consistency review (SCR). The SCR is defined as the process used to determine whether an analysis or decision document is consistent with the best available science. That review is accomplished by judging whether scientific information of appropriate content, rigor, and applicability has been considered, evaluated, and synthesized in the documents that underlie and that implement land management decisions.
Science Consistency Reviews
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Science Consistency Reviews written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Forest policy categories.
Secondary Rules Of Primary Importance In International Law
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Author : Gábor Kajtár
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2022-10-31
Secondary Rules Of Primary Importance In International Law written by Gábor Kajtár and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-31 with Law categories.
The focus of this edited volume is the often-overlooked importance of secondary rules of international law. Secondary rules of international law-such as attribution, causality, and the standard and burden of proof-have often been neglected in scholarly literature and have seen fragmented application in international legal practice. Yet the systemic nature of international law entails that coherent and consistent application of such rules is a key element in reinforcing the legitimacy of decisions of international courts and tribunals. Accelerated development of international law and international litigation, coupled with the fragmented nature of the adjudicatory terrain calls for theoretical scrutiny and systemic analysis of the developments in the judicial treatment of secondary rules. This publication makes three important contributions to the study of secondary rules. First, it offers a comprehensive, expert doctrinal analysis of how standard of review, causation, evidentiary rules, and attribution operate in the case law of international courts or tribunals in fields spanning human rights, trade, investment, and humanitarian law. Second, it comparatively evaluates the divergent layers of meanings and normative expectations attached to secondary rules in international law scholarship as well as in the judicial practice of international courts and tribunals. Finally, the book investigates the role that secondary rules play in the development of the primary rules in international law and for the legitimacy of the decisions of international courts and tribunals. Earlier scholarly works have not problematized the role of secondary rules of international law in adjudication thoroughly. Secondary Rules of Primary Importance in International Law seeks to fill this gap by emphasizing the consequential nature of these secondary rules and argues that the outcome of litigation is fundamentally shaped by the exact standard of proof, standard of review, or attribution basis that is chosen by adjudicators. As such, the book offers an important resource for the study and practice of international law against the backdrop of the wide-ranging and fragmented nature of international adjudication.
Reproducibility And Replicability In Science
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2019-10-20
Reproducibility And Replicability In Science written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-20 with Science categories.
One of the pathways by which the scientific community confirms the validity of a new scientific discovery is by repeating the research that produced it. When a scientific effort fails to independently confirm the computations or results of a previous study, some fear that it may be a symptom of a lack of rigor in science, while others argue that such an observed inconsistency can be an important precursor to new discovery. Concerns about reproducibility and replicability have been expressed in both scientific and popular media. As these concerns came to light, Congress requested that the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conduct a study to assess the extent of issues related to reproducibility and replicability and to offer recommendations for improving rigor and transparency in scientific research. Reproducibility and Replicability in Science defines reproducibility and replicability and examines the factors that may lead to non-reproducibility and non-replicability in research. Unlike the typical expectation of reproducibility between two computations, expectations about replicability are more nuanced, and in some cases a lack of replicability can aid the process of scientific discovery. This report provides recommendations to researchers, academic institutions, journals, and funders on steps they can take to improve reproducibility and replicability in science.
Review Of Strategies For Recovering Tributary Habitat
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Author : Robert E. Bilby
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 2009-11
Review Of Strategies For Recovering Tributary Habitat written by Robert E. Bilby and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-11 with Nature categories.
Whether tributary habitat improvements have achieved, or are likely to achieve, the goal of recovering conditions favoring the production of salmonids in the Columbia River Basin is unclear. This report reviews the approaches, assessment procedures, and implementation strategies for habit improvement. It examines topics central to the recovery of tributary habitat: (1) the biological objectives related to habitat recovery; (2) the strategies for implementing restoration; (3) the incentives for implementing restoration; (4) the scientific foundation for habitat recovery; and (5) monitoring and evaluation. This review answers the question: What concepts and strategies should be incorporated in habitat recovery actions to improve their chances for success? Illus.
Improving Teacher Preparation And Credentialing Consistent With The National Science Education Standards
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1997-03-24
Improving Teacher Preparation And Credentialing Consistent With The National Science Education Standards written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-03-24 with Education categories.
In February, 1996, representatives of departments of education and major teacher education colleges in 39 states, the District of Columbia, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the U.S. Department of Defense met at the National Academy of Sciences in Washington, D.C. to identify and discuss issues surrounding the preparation and credentialing of science teachers. Central to this symposium were the criteria identified by the National Science Education Standards for effective science teaching and effective professional development for science teachers. This synopsis is intended to encourage reflection by participants and their colleagues at the state level on the issues identified, reactions to those issues from a variety of perspectives, and strategies for addressing those issues as outlined by others. Responses include: (1) "The Need for Scientifically Literate Teachers" (Bruce Alberts); (2) "The Need for Reform in State Policy" (William Randall); (3) "The Need for Reform in Teacher Preparation Programs" (Robert Watson); (4) "Implications of the Standards for Teacher Preparation and Certification" (Pascal Forgione); (4) "Response to Dr. Forgione" (Angelo Collins); (5) "The Standards: A Guide for Systemic Reform" (Rodger Bybee); (6) "The Standards: A Guide for Professional Development" (Susan Loucks-Horsley); (7) "The Montana Systemic Teacher Education Preparation Project" (Robert Briggs and Elizabeth Charron); (8) "The Louisiana Collaborative for Excellence in the Preparation of Teachers" (Kerry Davidson, William Deese, Linda Ramsey, and Carolyn Talton); (9) "The Connecticut Science Education Assessment Program" (Michal Lomask and Raymond Pecheone); (10) "Reflections on Pre-service Education and Teachers' Needs" (William Badders and Celeste Pea); (11) "Response to the Teachers' Comments" (Arthur Wise); (12) "A Science Educator's Perspective on Teacher Education" (Paul Kuerbis); (13) "The Role of Undergraduate Science Courses in Teacher Preparation" (Patricia Simpson); (14) "A Principal's Perspective on the K-12 School's Role in Preparing Teachers" (Mary Ann Chung); (15) "A Perspective on the State's Role: Motivation and Policy" (William Randall); (16) "Concern, Collaboration, Coordination, and Communication" (Jane Butler Kahle); (17) "Response to Dr. Butler Kahle from the State Perspective" (Terry Janicki); and (18) "Closing Remarks and Challenge for Next Steps" (Virginia Pilato). (ASK)
Plumas National Forest N F Empire Vegetation Management Project
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Plumas National Forest N F Empire Vegetation Management Project written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.