The Seismic Cycle
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The Seismic Cycle
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Author : Frederique Rolandone
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2022-10-11
The Seismic Cycle written by Frederique Rolandone and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-11 with Science categories.
The study of the seismic cycle has many applications, from the study of faulting to the estimation of seismic hazards. It must be considered at different timescales, from that of an earthquake, the co-seismic phase (a few seconds), the post seismic phase (from months to dozens of years) and the inter-seismic phase (from dozens to hundreds of years), up to cumulative deformations due to several seismic cycles (from a few thousand to hundreds of thousands of years). The Seismic Cycle uses many different tools to approach its subject matter, from short-term geodesic, such as GPS and InSAR, and seismological observations to long-term tectonic, geomorphological, morphotectonic observations, including those related to paleoseismology. Various modeling tools such as analog experiences, experimental approaches and mechanical modeling are also examined. Different tectonic contexts are considered when engaging with the seismic cycle, from continental strike-slip faults to subduction zones such as the Chilean, Mexican and Ecuadorian zones. The interactions between the seismic cycle and magmatism in rifts and interactions with erosion in mountain chains are also discussed.
The Seismic Cycle
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Author : Frederique Rolandone
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2022-09-16
The Seismic Cycle written by Frederique Rolandone and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-16 with Science categories.
The study of the seismic cycle has many applications, from the study of faulting to the estimation of seismic hazards. It must be considered at different timescales, from that of an earthquake, the co-seismic phase (a few seconds), the post seismic phase (from months to dozens of years) and the inter-seismic phase (from dozens to hundreds of years), up to cumulative deformations due to several seismic cycles (from a few thousand to hundreds of thousands of years). The Seismic Cycle uses many different tools to approach its subject matter, from short-term geodesic, such as GPS and InSAR, and seismological observations to long-term tectonic, geomorphological, morphotectonic observations, including those related to paleoseismology. Various modeling tools such as analog experiences, experimental approaches and mechanical modeling are also examined. Different tectonic contexts are considered when engaging with the seismic cycle, from continental strike-slip faults to subduction zones such as the Chilean, Mexican and Ecuadorian zones. The interactions between the seismic cycle and magmatism in rifts and interactions with erosion in mountain chains are also discussed.
The Mechanics Of Earthquakes And Faulting
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Author : Christopher H. Scholz
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2002-05-02
The Mechanics Of Earthquakes And Faulting written by Christopher H. Scholz and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-05-02 with Science categories.
Our understanding of earthquakes and faulting processes has developed significantly since publication of the successful first edition of this book in 1990. This revised edition, first published in 2002, was therefore thoroughly up-dated whilst maintaining and developing the two major themes of the first edition. The first of these themes is the connection between fault and earthquake mechanics, including fault scaling laws, the nature of fault populations, and how these result from the processes of fault growth and interaction. The second major theme is the central role of the rate-state friction laws in earthquake mechanics, which provide a unifying framework within which a wide range of faulting phenomena can be interpreted. With the inclusion of two chapters explaining brittle fracture and rock friction from first principles, this book is written at a level which will appeal to graduate students and research scientists in the fields of seismology, physics, geology, geodesy and rock mechanics.
Experimental Simulation Of The Seismic Cycle In Fault Damage Zones
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Author : Frans Aben
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Experimental Simulation Of The Seismic Cycle In Fault Damage Zones written by Frans Aben and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Earthquakes along large crustal scale faults are a huge hazard threatening large populations. The behavior of such faults is influenced by the fault damage zone that surrounds the fault core. Fracture damage in such fault damage zones influences each stage of the seismic cycle. The damage zone influences rupture mechanics, behaves as a fluid conduit to release pressurized fluids at depth or to give access to reactive fluids to alter the fault core, and facilitates strain during post- and interseismic periods. Also, it acts as an energy sink for earthquake energy. Here, laboratory experiments were performed to come to a better understanding of how this fracture damage is formed during coseismic transient loading, what this fracture damage can tell us about the earthquake rupture conditions along large faults, and how fracture damage is annihilated over time.First, coseismic damage generation, and specifically the formation of pulverized fault damage zone rock, is reviewed. The potential of these pulverized rocks as a coseismic marker for rupture mechanisms is discussed. Although these rocks are promising in that aspect, several open questions remain.One of these open questions is if the transient loading conditions needed for pulverization can be reduced by progressively damaging during many seismic events. The successive high strain rate loadings performed on quartz monzonites using a split Hopkinson pressure bar reveal that indeed the pulverization strain rate threshold is reduced by at least 50%.Another open question is why pulverized rocks are almost always observed in crystalline lithologies and not in more porous rock, even when crystalline and porous rocks are juxtaposed by a fault. To study this observation, high strain rate experiments were performed on porous Rothbach sandstone. The results show that pervasive pulverization below the grain scale, such as observed in crystalline rock, does not occur in the sandstone samples for the explored strain rate range (60-150 s-1). Damage is mainly occurs at a scale superior to that of the scale of the grains, with intragranular deformation occurring only in weaker regions where compaction bands are formed. The competition between inter- and intragranular damage during dynamic loading is explained with the geometric parameters of the rock in combination with two classic micromechanical models: the Hertzian contact model and the pore-emanated crack model. In conclusion, the observed microstructures can form in both quasi-static and dynamic loading regimes. Therefore caution is advised when interpreting the mechanism responsible for near-fault damage in sedimentary rock near the surface. Moreover, the results suggest that different responses of different lithologies to transient loading are responsible for sub-surface damage zone asymmetry.Finally, post-seismic annihilation of coseismic damage by calcite assisted fracture sealing has been studied in experiments, so that the coupling between strengthening and permeability of the fracture network could be studied. A sample-scale fracture network was introduced in quartz monzonite samples, followed exposure to upper crustal conditions and percolation of a fluid saturated with calcite for several months. A large recovery of up to 50% of the initial P-wave velocity drop has been observed after the sealing experiment. In contrast, the permeability remained more or less constant for the duration of the experiment. This lack of coupling between strengthening and permeability in the first stages of sealing is explained by X-ray computed micro tomography. Incipient sealing in the fracture spaces occurs downstream of flow barriers, thus in regions that do not affect the main fluid flow pathways. The decoupling of strength recovery and permeability suggests that shallow fault damage zones can remain fluid conduits for years after a seismic event, leading to significant transformations of the core and the damage zone of faults with time.
Earthquake And Volcano Deformation
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Author : Paul Segall
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2010-01-04
Earthquake And Volcano Deformation written by Paul Segall and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-01-04 with Science categories.
Earthquake and Volcano Deformation is the first textbook to present the mechanical models of earthquake and volcanic processes, emphasizing earth-surface deformations that can be compared with observations from Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, Interferometric Radar (InSAR), and borehole strain- and tiltmeters. Paul Segall provides the physical and mathematical fundamentals for the models used to interpret deformation measurements near active faults and volcanic centers. Segall highlights analytical methods of continuum mechanics applied to problems of active crustal deformation. Topics include elastic dislocation theory in homogeneous and layered half-spaces, crack models of faults and planar intrusions, elastic fields due to pressurized spherical and ellipsoidal magma chambers, time-dependent deformation resulting from faulting in an elastic layer overlying a viscoelastic half-space and related earthquake cycle models, poroelastic effects due to faulting and magma chamber inflation in a fluid-saturated crust, and the effects of gravity on deformation. He also explains changes in the gravitational field due to faulting and magmatic intrusion, effects of irregular surface topography and earth curvature, and modern concepts in rate- and state-dependent fault friction. This textbook presents sample calculations and compares model predictions against field data from seismic and volcanic settings from around the world. Earthquake and Volcano Deformation requires working knowledge of stress and strain, and advanced calculus. It is appropriate for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in geophysics, geology, and engineering. Professors: A supplementary Instructor's Manual is available for this book. It is restricted to teachers using the text in courses. For information on how to obtain a copy, refer to: http://press.princeton.edu/class_use/solutions.html
The Mechanics Of Earthquakes And Faulting
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Author : Christopher H. Scholz
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2002-05-02
The Mechanics Of Earthquakes And Faulting written by Christopher H. Scholz and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-05-02 with Nature categories.
Our understanding of earthquakes and faulting processes has developed significantly since publication of the successful first edition of this book in 1990. This revised edition, first published in 2002, was therefore thoroughly up-dated whilst maintaining and developing the two major themes of the first edition. The first of these themes is the connection between fault and earthquake mechanics, including fault scaling laws, the nature of fault populations, and how these result from the processes of fault growth and interaction. The second major theme is the central role of the rate-state friction laws in earthquake mechanics, which provide a unifying framework within which a wide range of faulting phenomena can be interpreted. With the inclusion of two chapters explaining brittle fracture and rock friction from first principles, this book is written at a level which will appeal to graduate students and research scientists in the fields of seismology, physics, geology, geodesy and rock mechanics.
Earthquake Engineering Handbook
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Author : Charles Scawthorn
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2002-09-27
Earthquake Engineering Handbook written by Charles Scawthorn and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-09-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Earthquakes are nearly unique among natural phenomena - they affect virtually everything within a region, from massive buildings and bridges, down to the furnishings within a home. Successful earthquake engineering therefore requires a broad background in subjects, ranging from the geologic causes and effects of earthquakes to understanding the impact of these effects on foundations, buildings, structures, the infrastructure, and even their social and economic impact. The Earthquake Engineering Handbook is a comprehensive resource that covers the spectrum of topics relevant to designing for and mitigating earthquakes. In it, international experts present engineering practices, research, and developments in North America, Europe, and the Pacific Rim countries. The emphasis is on professional applications, with discussion ranging from basic dynamics and geoscience to new technologies intended to avoid rather than resist the forces of earthquakes. Covering both traditional and innovative practices, the Earthquake Engineering Handbook is the first professional reference that brings together all of earthquake engineering's many facets. Formulas, tables, and illustrations give immediate answers to questions arising in practice, and summaries of the essential elements of each topic paint a global picture from which readers can develop understanding and the ability to think beyond the results presented.
Entropy Seismology And The View Of Cosmology
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Author : Samvel Akopian
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2023-04-03
Entropy Seismology And The View Of Cosmology written by Samvel Akopian and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-03 with Science categories.
This book shows that, to understand the origins of the universe, there is no need to look at deep space or look deep into matter, but, rather, to look at what is hidden under our feet, at our Earth. It notes that various regularities are hidden in the seismicity of the Earth, which can be “seen” by operating with new seismic parameters. These parameters are calculated based on earthquake data recorded by global seismological networks. This approach makes it possible to build a theory of entropy seismology, which can be applied in solving the problem of earthquake prediction, constructing dynamic maps of seismic hazard, and controlling the occurrence of undesirable seismicity as a result of human activity. The book also develops a seismic formalism, which allows one to look at modern problems of physics and cosmology from the unusual positions of entropy seismology.
Natural Hazards In Australasia
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Author : James Goff
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-07-11
Natural Hazards In Australasia written by James Goff and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-11 with Science categories.
A textbook designed for students taking a course in natural hazards with an Australasian focus and context. In full colour and richly supported by photographs, illustrations and maps.
Ionospheric Precursors Of Earthquakes
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Author : Sergey Pulinets
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-08-15
Ionospheric Precursors Of Earthquakes written by Sergey Pulinets and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-08-15 with Science categories.
Using the kind permission given to me by my co-author, this short preface will be written in my name. I want to devote this book to San Juan city in Argentina. It is not only due to the fact that the city was twice completely destroyed after the devastating ear- quakes in 1941 and 1977, but also because my stay there completely changed my life. Changes included changing my career from the field of space plasma physics to Earth sciences and geophysics, and changes in my personal life giving me h- piness and compliance in my present family. Going back to the subject of the book, it should be noted that the history of the question asked by the book is very complicated and intricate. Starting in the 1930s from the observation of seismogenic electric fields, the area of seismo-ionospheric coupling became an area of fighting and conflicts, hopes and frustrations. Spe- lation and misunderstanding on the interdisciplinary borders made this field for many years (even up to now) taboo for so-called "serious scientists". But due to the courageous efforts of several groups in Russia and the former USSR states such as Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan, Japan, later France and Taiwan, Greece and Italy the situation started to improve.