The Selective Non Catalytic Reduction Of Nox Using Urea As The Chemical Agent
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The Selective Non Catalytic Reduction Of Nox Using Urea As The Chemical Agent
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Author : Srinivas Srivatsa
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1998
The Selective Non Catalytic Reduction Of Nox Using Urea As The Chemical Agent written by Srinivas Srivatsa and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with categories.
Selective Catalytic Reduction Of Nox
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Author : Oliver Kröcher
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2018-12-14
Selective Catalytic Reduction Of Nox written by Oliver Kröcher and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-14 with Electronic books categories.
This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx" that was published in Catalysts
Nitrogen Oxides Nox Why And How They Are Controlled
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: DIANE Publishing
Release Date : 1999
Nitrogen Oxides Nox Why And How They Are Controlled written by and has been published by DIANE Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
Reduction Of Nox Emissions In A Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Sncr With In Cylinder Injection Of Aqueous Urea
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Author : Anthony Timpanaro
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Reduction Of Nox Emissions In A Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Using Sncr With In Cylinder Injection Of Aqueous Urea written by Anthony Timpanaro and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with Automobiles -- Motors (Diesel) -- Catalytic converters -- Industrial applications categories.
The subject of this study is the effect of in-cylinder selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) of NOx emissions in diesel exhaust gas by means of direct injection of aqueous urea ((NH2)2CO) into the combustion chamber. A single cylinder diesel test engine was modified to accept an electronically controlled secondary common rail injection system to deliver the aqueous urea directly into the cylinder during engine operation. Direct in-cylinder injection was chosen in order to ensure precise delivery of the reducing agent without the risk of any premature reactions taking place. Unlike direct in-cylinder injection of neat water, aqueous urea also works as a reducing agent by breaking down into ammonia (NH3) and Cyanuric Acid ((HOCN)3). These compounds serve as the primary reducing agents in the NOx reduction mechanism explored here. The main reducing agent, aqueous urea, was admixed with glycerol (C3H8O3) in an 80-20 ratio, by weight, to function as a lubricant for the secondary injector. The aqueous urea injection timing and duration is critical to the reduction of NOx emissions due to the dependence of SNCR NOx reduction on critical factors such as temperature, pressure, reducing agent to NOx ratio, Oxygen and radical content, residence time and NH3 slip. From scoping engine tests at loads of 40 percent and 80 percent at 1500 rpm, an aqueous urea injection strategy was developed. The final injection strategy chosen was four molar ratios, 4.0, 2.0, 1.0 and 0.5 with five varying injection timings of 60, 20, 10, 0, and -30 degrees after top dead center (ATDC). In addition to the base line and aqueous urea tests, water injection and an 80-20 water-glycerol solution reduction agent tests were also conducted to compare the effects of said additives as well. The comparison of baseline and SNCR operation was expected to show that the urea acted as a reducing agent, lowering NOx emissions up to 100% (based on exhaust stream studies) in the diesel exhaust gas without the aid of a catalyst. The data collected from the engine tests showed that the aqueous urea-glycerol solution secondary had no effect on the reduction of NOx and even resulted in an increase of up to 5% in some tests. This was due to the low average in-cylinder temperature as well as a short residence time, prohibiting the reduction reaction from taking place. The neat water and water-glycerol solution secondary injection was found to have a reduction effect of up to 59% on NOx production in the emissions due to the evaporative cooling effect and increased heat capacity of the water.
Challenges Of Power Engineering And Environment
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Author : Ke-fa Cen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-03-27
Challenges Of Power Engineering And Environment written by Ke-fa Cen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-27 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book is the proceedings of the International Conference on Power Engineering-2007. The fields of this book include power engineering and relevant environmental issues. The recent technological advances in power engineering and related areas are introduced. This book is valuable for researchers, engineers and students majoring in power engineering.
Pollution Control Technologies Volume Ii
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Author : Bhaskar Nath
language : en
Publisher: EOLSS Publications
Release Date : 2009-09-30
Pollution Control Technologies Volume Ii written by Bhaskar Nath and has been published by EOLSS Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-30 with categories.
Pollution Control Technologies is a component of Encyclopedia of Environmental and Ecological Sciences, Engineering and Technology Resources in the global Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems (EOLSS), which is an integrated compendium of twenty one Encyclopedias. The volume on Pollution Control Technologies focuses largely concerned with strategies for pollution reduction, and pollution prevention if at all possible, using scientific and technological methods. Focusing primarily but not exclusively on air pollution, the Theme is written in simple English, avoiding both mathematical and chemical equations as far as possible to facilitate effective and widest possible dissemination. The content of the Theme provides the essential aspects and a myriad of issues of great relevance to our world such as: Control of Particulate Matter in Gaseous Emissions; Control of Gaseous Emissions; Pollution Control through Efficient Combustion Technology; Pollution Control in Industrial Processes; Pollution Control in Transportation, which are then expanded into multiple subtopics, each as a chapter. These three volumes are aimed at the following five major target audiences: University and College students Educators, Professional practitioners, Research personnel and Policy analysts, managers, and decision makers and NGOs
Past And Present In Denox Catalysis From Molecular Modelling To Chemical Engineering
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Author : Pascal Granger
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2007-12-15
Past And Present In Denox Catalysis From Molecular Modelling To Chemical Engineering written by Pascal Granger and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-12-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book offers an overview of the state of the art in the field of DeNOx catalysis in order to focus novel orientations, new technological developments, from laboratory to industrial scale. A particular attention has been paid towards the implementation of catalytic processes for minimising NOx emissions either from stationary or mobile sources under lean condition to meet future standard regulations of NOx emissions. In the first part of this book, critical aspects reported in the literature which usually make difficult the achievement of efficient catalytic technologies in those conditions are summarised and analysed in order two separate new perspectives. The second part deals with fundamental aspects at molecular level. A better understanding of the reactions involved under unsteady-state conditions is probably a pre-requisite step for improving the performances of the actual processes or developing original ones. The development of powerful in situ spectroscopic techniques is of fundamental interest for kinetic modelling. Correlations between spectroscopic and kinetic data with those obtained from theoretical calculations are reported. Some illustrations emphasise the fact that these comparisons may help in determining the nature of the catalytic active sites and building predictive tools for simulations under running conditions. The latter part of this book will be illustrated by different practical approaches covering various aspects related to the catalysts preparation and the development of alternative technologies which include industrial considerations. - New technological developments for investigating catalytic reactions in transient conditions (in situ and operando spectroscopic techniques) - Concerted approaches in DeNOx catalysis - How academic aspects (kinetic, in situ spectroscopic measurements) can provide useful information for practical applications - Comparison of different approaches provided by academic and industrial partners
Metal Oxides In Heterogeneous Catalysis
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Author : Jacques C. Vedrine
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2018-01-11
Metal Oxides In Heterogeneous Catalysis written by Jacques C. Vedrine and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-11 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis is an overview of the past, present and future of heterogeneous catalysis using metal oxides catalysts. The book presents the historical, theoretical, and practical aspects of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis. Metal Oxides in Heterogeneous Catalysis deals with fundamental information on heterogeneous catalysis, including reaction mechanisms and kinetics approaches.There is also a focus on the classification of metal oxides used as catalysts, preparation methods and touches on zeolites, mesoporous materials and Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in catalysis. It will touch on acid or base-type reactions, selective (partial) and total oxidation reactions, and enzymatic type reactions The book also touches heavily on the biomass applications of metal oxide catalysts and environmentally related/depollution reactions such as COVs elimination, DeNOx, and DeSOx. Finally, the book also deals with future trends and prospects in metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis. Presents case studies in each chapter that provide a focus on the industrial applications Includes fundamentals, key theories and practical applications of metal oxide-based heterogeneous catalysis in one comprehensive resource Edited, and contributed, by leading experts who provide perspectives on synthesis, characterization and applications
Marine Engines Performance And Emissions
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Author : María Isabel Lamas Galdo
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2021-09-02
Marine Engines Performance And Emissions written by María Isabel Lamas Galdo and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-09-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book contains a collection of peer-review scientific papers about marine engines’ performance and emissions. These papers were carefully selected for the “Marine Engines Performance and Emissions” Special Issue of the Journal of Marine Science and Engineering. Recent advancements in engine technology have allowed designers to reduce emissions and improve performance. Nevertheless, further efforts are needed to comply with the ever increased emission legislations. This book was conceived for people interested in marine engines. This information concerning recent developments may be helpful to academics, researchers, and professionals engaged in the field of marine engineering.
Combined Heating Cooling Power Handbook
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Author : Neil Petchers
language : en
Publisher: The Fairmont Press, Inc.
Release Date : 2003
Combined Heating Cooling Power Handbook written by Neil Petchers and has been published by The Fairmont Press, Inc. this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Science categories.
Many of the economic road blocks which have previously served to discourage the implementation of alternative power generation technologies can now be readily overcome through effective energy resource optimization. It is now a fact that solid financial returns can be achieved from combined heating, cooling and power generation projects by integrating energy and cost efficiency goals, and seeking a match between power production and heating/cooling requirements. This book is intended to serve as a road map to those seeking to realize optimum economic returns on such projects. The first section provides an introduction to basic heat and power thermodynamics, with an overview of heat and power generation technologies and equipment. The second section explores the infrastructure in which the project must be implemented, including environmental considerations, as well as utility rate structures. The third section provides detailed coverage of a broad range of technology types, and discusses how opportunities for their application can be identified and successfully exploited. The final section takes you through each step of project development, implementation and operation. Numerous examples are provided of actual field applications, with supporting documentation of system layouts and performance. The text is supplemented with more than one thousand graphics, including photos, cutaway drawings, layout schematics, performance curves, and data tables.