The Seven Pillars Of Statistical Wisdom
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The Seven Pillars Of Statistical Wisdom
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Author : Stephen M. Stigler
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2016-03-07
The Seven Pillars Of Statistical Wisdom written by Stephen M. Stigler and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-07 with Social Science categories.
What gives statistics its unity as a science? Stephen Stigler sets forth the seven foundational ideas of statistics—a scientific discipline related to but distinct from mathematics and computer science. Even the most basic idea—aggregation, exemplified by averaging—is counterintuitive. It allows one to gain information by discarding information, namely, the individuality of the observations. Stigler’s second pillar, information measurement, challenges the importance of “big data” by noting that observations are not all equally important: the amount of information in a data set is often proportional to only the square root of the number of observations, not the absolute number. The third idea is likelihood, the calibration of inferences with the use of probability. Intercomparison is the principle that statistical comparisons do not need to be made with respect to an external standard. The fifth pillar is regression, both a paradox (tall parents on average produce shorter children; tall children on average have shorter parents) and the basis of inference, including Bayesian inference and causal reasoning. The sixth concept captures the importance of experimental design—for example, by recognizing the gains to be had from a combinatorial approach with rigorous randomization. The seventh idea is the residual: the notion that a complicated phenomenon can be simplified by subtracting the effect of known causes, leaving a residual phenomenon that can be explained more easily. The Seven Pillars of Statistical Wisdom presents an original, unified account of statistical science that will fascinate the interested layperson and engage the professional statistician.
The Seven Pillars Of Statistical Wisdom
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Author : Stephen M. Stigler
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2016-03-07
The Seven Pillars Of Statistical Wisdom written by Stephen M. Stigler and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-07 with Social Science categories.
What gives statistics its unity as a science? Stephen Stigler sets forth the seven foundational ideas of statistics—a scientific discipline related to but distinct from mathematics and computer science. Even the most basic idea—aggregation, exemplified by averaging—is counterintuitive. It allows one to gain information by discarding information, namely, the individuality of the observations. Stigler’s second pillar, information measurement, challenges the importance of “big data” by noting that observations are not all equally important: the amount of information in a data set is often proportional to only the square root of the number of observations, not the absolute number. The third idea is likelihood, the calibration of inferences with the use of probability. Intercomparison is the principle that statistical comparisons do not need to be made with respect to an external standard. The fifth pillar is regression, both a paradox (tall parents on average produce shorter children; tall children on average have shorter parents) and the basis of inference, including Bayesian inference and causal reasoning. The sixth concept captures the importance of experimental design—for example, by recognizing the gains to be had from a combinatorial approach with rigorous randomization. The seventh idea is the residual: the notion that a complicated phenomenon can be simplified by subtracting the effect of known causes, leaving a residual phenomenon that can be explained more easily. The Seven Pillars of Statistical Wisdom presents an original, unified account of statistical science that will fascinate the interested layperson and engage the professional statistician.
Statistics On The Table
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Author : Stephen M. Stigler
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2002-09-30
Statistics On The Table written by Stephen M. Stigler and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-09-30 with History categories.
This lively collection of essays examines statistical ideas with an ironic eye for their essence and what their history can tell us for current disputes. The topics range from 17th-century medicine and the circulation of blood, to the cause of the Great Depression, to the determinations of the shape of the Earth and the speed of light.
The Calculus Story
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Author : David Acheson
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2017
The Calculus Story written by David Acheson and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with MATHEMATICS categories.
"[Acheson] introduces the fundamental ideas of calculus through the story of how the subject developed, from approximating π to imaginary numbers, and from Newton's falling apple to the vibrations of an electric guitar."--Back cover
The History Of Statistics
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Author : Stephen M. Stigler
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 1990-03-01
The History Of Statistics written by Stephen M. Stigler and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1990-03-01 with History categories.
This magnificent book is the first comprehensive history of statistics from its beginnings around 1700 to its emergence as a distinct and mature discipline around 1900. Stephen M. Stigler shows how statistics arose from the interplay of mathematical concepts and the needs of several applied sciences including astronomy, geodesy, experimental psychology, genetics, and sociology. He addresses many intriguing questions: How did scientists learn to combine measurements made under different conditions? And how were they led to use probability theory to measure the accuracy of the result? Why were statistical methods used successfully in astronomy long before they began to play a significant role in the social sciences? How could the introduction of least squares predate the discovery of regression by more than eighty years? On what grounds can the major works of men such as Bernoulli, De Moivre, Bayes, Quetelet, and Lexis be considered partial failures, while those of Laplace, Galton, Edgeworth, Pearson, and Yule are counted as successes? How did Galton’s probability machine (the quincunx) provide him with the key to the major advance of the last half of the nineteenth century? Stigler’s emphasis is upon how, when, and where the methods of probability theory were developed for measuring uncertainty in experimental and observational science, for reducing uncertainty, and as a conceptual framework for quantitative studies in the social sciences. He describes with care the scientific context in which the different methods evolved and identifies the problems (conceptual or mathematical) that retarded the growth of mathematical statistics and the conceptual developments that permitted major breakthroughs. Statisticians, historians of science, and social and behavioral scientists will gain from this book a deeper understanding of the use of statistical methods and a better grasp of the promise and limitations of such techniques. The product of ten years of research, The History of Statistics will appeal to all who are interested in the humanistic study of science.
Observation And Experiment
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Author : Paul Rosenbaum
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2017-08-14
Observation And Experiment written by Paul Rosenbaum and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-14 with Mathematics categories.
In the face of conflicting claims about some treatments, behaviors, and policies, the question arises: What is the most scientifically rigorous way to draw conclusions about cause and effect in the study of humans? In this introduction to causal inference, Paul Rosenbaum explains key concepts and methods through real-world examples.
Computer Age Statistical Inference
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Author : Bradley Efron
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-07-21
Computer Age Statistical Inference written by Bradley Efron and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-21 with Business & Economics categories.
Take an exhilarating journey through the modern revolution in statistics with two of the ringleaders.
Seven Pillars Of Wisdom
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Author : T. E. Lawrence
language : en
Publisher: Good Press
Release Date : 2023-12-28
Seven Pillars Of Wisdom written by T. E. Lawrence and has been published by Good Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-12-28 with Biography & Autobiography categories.
Seven Pillars of Wisdom is the autobiographical account of the experiences of British soldier T. E. Lawrence ("Lawrence of Arabia"), while serving as a liaison officer with rebel forces during the Arab Revolt against the Ottoman Turks of 1916 to 1918. In 1919 he had been elected to a seven-year research fellowship at All Souls College, Oxford, providing him with support while he worked on the book. In addition to being a memoir of his experiences during the war, certain parts also serve as essays on military strategy, Arabian culture and geography, and other topics. Lawrence re-wrote Seven Pillars of Wisdom three times; once "blind" after he lost the manuscript while changing trains at Reading railway station. Lawrence acknowledged having been helped in the editing of the book by George Bernard Shaw. In the preface to Seven Pillars, Lawrence offered his "thanks to Mr. and Mrs. Bernard Shaw for countless suggestions of great value and diversity: and for all the present semicolons". Thomas Edward Lawrence (1888-1935) was a British archaeologist, military officer, and diplomat. He was renowned for his liaison role during the Sinai and Palestine Campaign, and the Arab Revolt against Ottoman Turkish rule of 1916-18. The breadth and variety of his activities and associations, and his ability to describe them vividly in writing, earned him international fame as Lawrence of Arabia—a title used for the 1962 film based on his First World War activities.
A History Of Data Visualization And Graphic Communication
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Author : Michael Friendly
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2021-06-08
A History Of Data Visualization And Graphic Communication written by Michael Friendly and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-08 with Science categories.
A comprehensive history of data visualization—its origins, rise, and effects on the ways we think about and solve problems. With complex information everywhere, graphics have become indispensable to our daily lives. Navigation apps show real-time, interactive traffic data. A color-coded map of exit polls details election balloting down to the county level. Charts communicate stock market trends, government spending, and the dangers of epidemics. A History of Data Visualization and Graphic Communication tells the story of how graphics left the exclusive confines of scientific research and became ubiquitous. As data visualization spread, it changed the way we think. Michael Friendly and Howard Wainer take us back to the beginnings of graphic communication in the mid-seventeenth century, when the Dutch cartographer Michael Florent van Langren created the first chart of statistical data, which showed estimates of the distance from Rome to Toledo. By 1786 William Playfair had invented the line graph and bar chart to explain trade imports and exports. In the nineteenth century, the “golden age” of data display, graphics found new uses in tracking disease outbreaks and understanding social issues. Friendly and Wainer make the case that the explosion in graphical communication both reinforced and was advanced by a cognitive revolution: visual thinking. Across disciplines, people realized that information could be conveyed more effectively by visual displays than by words or tables of numbers. Through stories and illustrations, A History of Data Visualization and Graphic Communication details the 400-year evolution of an intellectual framework that has become essential to both science and society at large.
Computer Age Statistical Inference Student Edition
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Author : Bradley Efron
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2021-06-17
Computer Age Statistical Inference Student Edition written by Bradley Efron and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-06-17 with Computers categories.
Now in paperback and fortified with exercises, this brilliant, enjoyable text demystifies data science, statistics and machine learning.