The Shadow Economy Of Armenia
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The Shadow Economy Of Armenia
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Author : Bagrat Tunyan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
The Shadow Economy Of Armenia written by Bagrat Tunyan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
The Shadow Economy Of Armenia
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
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The Shadow Economy Of Armenia written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
4 the size of the underground economy of Armenia was published in 1999, according to which the size of the unrecorded sector of the Armenian economy in 1999 was at a level of 28.9% of the official GDP4. [...] Methods of Estimating the Size of the Shadow Economy It is important to realize that because of the nature of the problem, it is almost impossible to measure the exact size of the economic activities taking place in the shadow economy in any country of the world, whether developed or less developed. [...] The second macroeconomic indicator used in estimation of the size of the shadow economy is the discrepancy between the official and actual labor forces of the country10. [...] Measurement of the Shadow Economy of Armenia for the period of 1994-2004 The only official statistics about the size of the shadow economy of Armenia was published in 1999. [...] Estimating the Size of the Shadow Economy Using Tanzi's Method The following key assumptions were made in applying new currency demand method for estimating the size of the underground sector of the Armenian economy for the period of 1998-200417.
Working Paper No 05 02
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date :
Working Paper No 05 02 written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
3 the size of the underground economy of Armenia was published in 1999, according to which the size of the unrecorded sector of the Armenian economy in 1999 was at a level of 28.9% of the official GDP3. [...] Methods of Estimating the Size of the Shadow Economy It is important to realize that because of the nature of the problem, it is almost impossible to measure the exact size of the economic activities taking place in the shadow economy in any country of the world, whether developed or less developed. [...] The second macroeconomic indicator used in estimation of the size of the shadow economy is the discrepancy between the official and actual labor forces of the country9. [...] Estimating the Size of the Shadow Economy Using Tanzi's Method The following key assumptions were made in applying new currency demand method for estimating the size of the underground sector of the Armenian economy for the period of 1998-200416. [...] Shadow Economy of Armenia: Causes and Consequences Why does the Shadow Economy matter? Methods of Estimating the Size of the Shadow Economy Estimating the Size of the Shadow Economy Using Tanzi's Method Calculating the Size of the Shadow Economy Estimating the Size of the Underground Economy Using Gutman's Method.
Measuring The Informal Economy In The Caucasus And Central Asia
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Author : Mr.Yasser Abdih
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2013-05-31
Measuring The Informal Economy In The Caucasus And Central Asia written by Mr.Yasser Abdih and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-05-31 with Business & Economics categories.
This study estimates the size of the informal economy, and the relative contribution of each underlying factor, for the Caucasus and Central Asia countries in 2008. Using a Multiple Indicator-Multiple Cause model, we find that a burdensome tax system, rigid labor market, low institutional quality, and excessive regulation in financial and products markets are determinant factors in explaining the size of the informal economy, which ranges from 26 percent of GDP in Kyrgyz Republic to around 35 percent of GDP in Armenia. Furthermore, the results show that higher levels of informality increase the levels of self employment and the percentage of currency held outside the banking system.
Tax Potential Vs Tax Effort
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Author : David A. Grigorian
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2007-05
Tax Potential Vs Tax Effort written by David A. Grigorian and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Despite recording double digit growth since 2000, Armenia's tax-to-GDP ratio has been fairly stable at about 141⁄2 percent. This paper catalogues a range of factors that may account for Armenia's stubbornly for tax collection by benchmarking Armenia's tax-to-GDP against some comparator countries and conducting an extensive econometric study of the main determinants of tax collection. We find empirical support for the hypothesis that the persistence of Armenia's low tax-GDP ratio can be traced to persistence of weak institutions and a large shadow economy. The gap between the potential and actual tax collection in Armenia could be as high as 61⁄2 percent of GDP. We conclude with some policy recommendations that, if adopted, can boost revenue buoyancy.
The Shadow Economy
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Author : Friedrich Schneider
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-02-14
The Shadow Economy written by Friedrich Schneider and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-02-14 with Business & Economics categories.
This book presents new data to give an overview of shadow economies from OECD countries and propose solutions to prevent illicit work.
Handbook On The Shadow Economy
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Author : Friedrich Schneider
language : en
Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing
Release Date : 2011
Handbook On The Shadow Economy written by Friedrich Schneider and has been published by Edward Elgar Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Business & Economics categories.
This original and insightful handbook presents the latest research on the size and development of the shadow economy (also known as the black or underground economy), an integral component of the most developing and many developed countries' economies.
Republic Of Armenia Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Republic Of Armenia Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Armenia categories.
Shadow Economies Around The World What Did We Learn Over The Last 20 Years
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Author : Leandro Medina
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-01-25
Shadow Economies Around The World What Did We Learn Over The Last 20 Years written by Leandro Medina and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-01-25 with Business & Economics categories.
We undertake an extended discussion of the latest developments about the existing and new estimation methods of the shadow economy. New results on the shadow economy for 158 countries all over the world are presented over 1991 to 2015. Strengths and weaknesses of these methods are assessed and a critical comparison and evaluation of the methods is carried out. The average size of the shadow economy of the 158 countries over 1991 to 2015 is 31.9 percent. The largest ones are Zimbabwe with 60.6 percent, and Bolivia with 62.3 percent of GDP. The lowest ones are Austria with 8.9 percent, and Switzerland with 7.2 percent. The new methods, especially the new macro method, Currency Demand Approach (CDA) and Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) in a structured hybrid-model based estimation procedure, are promising approaches from an econometric standpoint, alongside some new micro estimates. These estimations come quite close to others used by statistical offices or based on surveys.
The Informal Sector And Informal Employment In Armenia
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Informal Sector And Informal Employment In Armenia written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Informal sector (Economics) categories.