The Shadow Education System
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Confronting The Shadow Education System
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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher: United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization
Release Date : 2009
Confronting The Shadow Education System written by Mark Bray and has been published by United Nations Educational, Scientific & Cultural Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Education categories.
This book focuses on the so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring. In parts of East Asia it has long existed on a large scale and it is now becoming increasingly evident in other parts of Asia and in Africa, Europe and North America. Pupils commonly receive fee-free education in public schools and then at the end of the day and/or during week-ends and vacations supplementary tutoring in the same subjects on a fee-paying basis.Supplementary private tutoring can have positive dimensions. It helps students to cover the curriculum, provides a structured occupation for pupils outside school hours, and provides incomes for the tutors. However, tutoring may also have negative dimensions. If left to market forces, tutoring is likely to maintain and increase social inequalities, and it can create excessive pressure for young people who have inadequate time for non-academic activities. Especially problematic are situations in which school teachers provide extra tutoring in exchange for fees from their regular pupils.This book begins by surveying the scale, nature and implications of the shadow education system in a range of settings. It then identifies possible government responses to the phenomenon and encourages a proactive approach to designing appropriate policies.
The Shadow Education System
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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2007
The Shadow Education System written by Mark Bray and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with Tutors and tutoring categories.
Because of its size in a number of countries, and due to it nature--that of a private service oriented at improving academic performance--private tutoring has important implications for the educational system as a whole that cannot be ignored by educational policies. This publication contributes to the debate about private tutoring through its systematization of available information and its analysis. It asks the questions: "Who supplies and demands this service?" "What effects does it have on the formal education system?" and "What are the policy options facing education planners?" The research draws on existing research conducted in different parts of the world, but primarily in Asia, where private tutoring is particularly widespread.--Publisher's description.
Shadow Education
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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher: Asian Development Bank
Release Date : 2012-05-01
Shadow Education written by Mark Bray and has been published by Asian Development Bank this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-01 with Education categories.
In all parts of Asia, households devote considerable expenditures to private supplementary tutoring. This tutoring may contribute to students' achievement, but it also maintains and exacerbates social inequalities, diverts resources from other uses, and can contribute to inefficiencies in education systems. Such tutoring is widely called shadow education, because it mimics school systems. As the curriculum in the school system changes, so does the shadow. This study documents the scale and nature of shadow education in different parts of the region. Shadow education has been a major phenomenon in East Asia and it has far-reaching economic and social implications.
Shadow Education
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Author : Mark Bray
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Shadow Education written by Mark Bray and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Education and state categories.
Teachers As Tutors Shadow Education Market Dynamics In Georgia
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Author : Magda Nutsa Kobakhidze
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-08-10
Teachers As Tutors Shadow Education Market Dynamics In Georgia written by Magda Nutsa Kobakhidze and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-10 with Education categories.
The so-called shadow education system of private supplementary tutoring has become a global phenomenon but has different features in different settings. This book explores the ways in which teacher-tutors’ beliefs, social norms, ideals about professionalism, and community values shape their economic decisions in the informal shadow education marketplace. Through theoretical lenses of economic sociology and anthropology, this study uncovers strong social and moral embeddedness of the shadow education market in social relationships, cultural norms and moralities in post-Soviet Georgia. The book questions some of the basic assumptions that the predominant neoliberal discourse promotes worldwide. The book is based on Kobakhidze’s PhD dissertation, which won the Comparative and International Education Society (CIES) Gail P. Kelly Outstanding Dissertation Award. “[A] theoretically innovative and substantively enlightening account of shadow schooling in Georgia... A landmark achievement.” Roger Dale, University of Bristol “... an important and timely topic ... addressed with exceptional thoroughness. It constitutes a solid piece of academic work and clearly makes a significant contribution to the field of shadow education.”Heidi Biseth, University College of Southeast Norway, Chair of Gail P. Kelly Award Committee in 2017 “...through robust critical analysis, Kobakhidze invites a humanistic re-visioning of economy and society.“ Ora Kwo, The University of Hong Kong
Theorizing Shadow Education And Academic Success In East Asia
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Author : Young Chun Kim
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2021-07-12
Theorizing Shadow Education And Academic Success In East Asia written by Young Chun Kim and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-12 with Education categories.
This volume tackles perceived myths surrounding the academic excellence of East Asian students, and moves beyond Western understanding to offer in-depth analysis of the crucial role that shadow education plays in students’ academic success. Featuring a broad range of contributions from countries including Japan, China, Taiwan, and Singapore, chapters draw on rich qualitative research to place in the foreground the lived experiences of students, teachers, and parents in East Asian countries. In doing so, the text provides indigenous insights into the uses, values, and meanings of shadow education and highlights unknown cultural and regional aspects, as well as related phenomena including trans-boundary learning culture, nomadic learning, individualized learning, and the post-schooling era. Ultimately challenging the previously dominating Western perspective on shadow education, the volume offers innovative theorization to highlight shadow education as a phenomenon which cannot be overlooked in broader discussion of East Asian educational performance, systems, and policy. Offering pioneering insights into the growing phenomenon of shadow education, this text will benefit researchers, academics, and educators with an interest in international and comparative education, curriculum studies, and East Asian educational practices and policy. Those interested in the sociology of education and educational policy will also benefit from this book.
Shadow Education And The Curriculum And Culture Of Schooling In South Korea
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Author : Young Chun Kim
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2016-09-23
Shadow Education And The Curriculum And Culture Of Schooling In South Korea written by Young Chun Kim and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-23 with Education categories.
This book enables Western scholars and educators to recognize the roles and contributions of shadow education/hakwon education in an international context. The book allows readers to redefine the traditional and limited understanding of the background success behind Korean schooling and to expand their perspectives on Korean hakwon education, as well as shadow education in other nations with educational power, such as Japan, China, Singapore, and Taiwan. Kim exhorts readers and researchers to examine shadow education as an emerging research inquiry in the context of postcolonial and worldwide curriculum studies.
Shadow Education And Social Inequalities In Japan
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Author : Steve R. Entrich
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2017-12-07
Shadow Education And Social Inequalities In Japan written by Steve R. Entrich and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-07 with Education categories.
This book examines why Japan has one of the highest enrolment rates in cram schools and private tutoring worldwide. It sheds light on the causes of this high dependence on ‘shadow education’ and its implications for social inequalities. The book provides a deep and extensive understanding of the role of this kind of education in Japan. It shows new ways to theoretically and empirically address this issue, and offers a comprehensive perspective on the impact of shadow education on social inequality formation that is based on reliable and convincing empirical analyses. Contrary to earlier studies, the book shows that shadow education does not inevitably result in increasing or persisting inequalities, but also inherits the potential to let students overcome their status-specific disadvantages and contributes to more opportunities in education. Against the background of the continuous expansion and the convergence of shadow education systems across the globe, the findings of this book call for similar works in other national contexts, particularly Western societies without traditional large-scale shadow education markets. The book emphasizes the importance and urgency to deal with the modern excesses of educational expansion and education as an institution, in which the shadow education industry has made itself (seemingly) indispensable.
The Shadow Educational System
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Author : Odd Nordhaug
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 1991
The Shadow Educational System written by Odd Nordhaug and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1991 with Business & Economics categories.
Education and training for adults have taken a back seat compared to the traditional education system. Today, however, a more institutionalized system of lifelong learning is emerging in many countries. This book offers a comprehensive framework of the field and presents studies of determinants and outcomes of adult education and personnel training.
Education Under Siege
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Author : Peter Mortimore
language : en
Publisher: Policy Press
Release Date : 2013-09-23
Education Under Siege written by Peter Mortimore and has been published by Policy Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-23 with Education categories.
In Education under Siege, Peter Mortimore considers the UK education system as it is and as it might be. Concluding that the United Kingdom has some of the best teachers in the world but one of the most muddled systems, Mortimore proposes radical changes to help all British schools become good schools. He argues that the government should outlaw selection practices, integrate private schools into the state system, and establish processes to ensure that each school has effective teachers and a fair balance of students who learn easily and those who do not. In a concluding call to action, he asks readers who share his concerns to demand that politicians alter the course of education policy.