The Significance Of Credits And Subsidies In Russian Agricultural Reform
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The Significance Of Credits And Subsidies In Russian Agricultural Reform
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Author : Douglas Aziz Galbi
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 1999
The Significance Of Credits And Subsidies In Russian Agricultural Reform written by Douglas Aziz Galbi and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
March 1995 Federal transfers to Russia's agro-industrial complex fell from 10 percent of GDP in 1992 to 3 percent of GDP in 1993, and were slated to be only 2 percent of GDP in 1994. But the basic framework for agricultural policy has not changed since the Soviet era and federal transfers have tended to impede rather than enhance market-oriented reform. Galbi analyzes the role of federal agricultural credits and subsidies in Russia since the Gaidar reforms of January 1992. Pressure on the budget has led to a significant reduction in federal transfers to the agro-industrial complex. Transfers fell from 10 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1992 to 3 percent of GDP in 1993, and budget transfers for 1994 are only about 2 percent of GDP. But the nature of federal transfers to the agro-industrial complex has not changed significantly since 1992, and federal transfers have tended to impede market-oriented reform rather than enhance it. So reform in the agriculture sector has been driven largely by a budget squeeze on the implementation of policies that hinder the development of market-oriented agriculture. Galbi provides an overview of federal agro-industrial programs, describing four types of support in detail: * Credits and subsidies to promote private farms. * Credits associated with state procurement of agricultural products. * Subsidies for agricultural inputs. * General subsidies to agricultural producers. He shows the difficulty of using federal transfers to support agriculture when institutions are unstable, the government's administrative and regulatory capabilities are weak, and information needed for effective credit allocation is unavailable. He also shows the extent to which the framework for agricultural policy has not changed since the Soviet era. This paper -- a product of the Office of the Vice President, Development Economics -- is part of an ongoing research on Russian monetary and credit policy.
The Significance Of Credits And Subsidies In Russian Agricultural Reform
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Author : Galbi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
The Significance Of Credits And Subsidies In Russian Agricultural Reform written by Galbi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The Significance Of Credits And Subsidies In Russian Agriculture
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Author : Douglas A. Galbi
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2004
The Significance Of Credits And Subsidies In Russian Agriculture written by Douglas A. Galbi and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with categories.
Federal transfers to Russia's agro-industrial complex fell from 10 percent of GDP in 1992 to 3 percent of GDP in 1993, and were slated to be only 2 percent of GDP in 1994. But the basic framework for agricultural policy has not changed since the Soviet era and federal transfers have tended to impede rather than enhance market-oriented reform. Galbi analyzes the role of federal agricultural credits and subsidies in Russia since the Gaidar reforms of January 1992. Pressure on the budget has led to a significant reduction in federal transfers to the agro-industrial complex. Transfers fell from 10 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in 1992 to 3 percent of GDP in 1993, and budget transfers for 1994 are only about 2 percent of GDP. But the nature of federal transfers to the agro-industrial complex has not changed significantly since 1992, and federal transfers have tended to impede market-oriented reform rather than enhance it. So reform in the agriculture sector has been driven largely by a budget squeeze on the implementation of policies that hinder the development of market-oriented agriculture. Galbi provides an overview of federal agro-industrial programs, describing four types of support in detail: ° Credits and subsidies to promote private farms. ° Credits associated with state procurement of agricultural products. ° Subsidies for agricultural inputs. ° General subsidies to agricultural producers. He shows the difficulty of using federal transfers to support agriculture when institutions are unstable, the government's administrative and regulatory capabilities are weak, and information needed for effective credit allocation is unavailable. He also shows the extent to which the framework for agricultural policy has not changed since the Soviet era. This paper - a product of the Office of the Vice President, Development Economics - is part of an ongoing research on Russian monetary and credit policy.
Agrarian Reform In Russia
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Author : Carol S. Leonard
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2010-12-06
Agrarian Reform In Russia written by Carol S. Leonard and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-12-06 with History categories.
This book examines the history of reforms and major state interventions affecting Russian agriculture: the abolition of serfdom in 1861, the Stolypin reforms, the NEP, the Collectivization, Khrushchev reforms, and finally farm enterprise privatization in the early 1990s. It shows a pattern emerging from a political imperative in imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet regimes, and it describes how these reforms were justified in the name of the national interest during severe crises - rapid inflation, military defeat, mass strikes, rural unrest, and/or political turmoil. It looks at the consequences of adversity in the economic environment for rural behavior after reform and at long-run trends. It has chapters on property rights, rural organization, and technological change. It provides a new database for measuring agricultural productivity from 1861 to 1913 and updates these estimates to the present. This book is a study of the policies aimed at reorganizing rural production and their effectiveness in transforming institutions.
Rural Reform In Post Soviet Russia
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Author : David J. O'Brien
language : en
Publisher: Woodrow Wilson Center Press
Release Date : 2002-03-20
Rural Reform In Post Soviet Russia written by David J. O'Brien and has been published by Woodrow Wilson Center Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-03-20 with Business & Economics categories.
Rural Reform in Post-Soviet Russia reviews change in agricultural and rural life since 1990 through historical, political, sociological, and anthropological investigation. The contributors' interest is not so much in agriculture itself but in agrarian issues such as the relationship between rural interests and changing Russian institutions, the economic and social organization of rural households, and the quality of life in rural families and villages.
Assisting Russia S Transition
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Author : Gianni Zanini
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2002-01-01
Assisting Russia S Transition written by Gianni Zanini and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-01-01 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This evaluation assesses the development effectiveness of the World Bank's lending and non-lending assistance to the Russian Federation since 1991, a 10-year period of tumultuous political, economic, and social change. This report concludes that an assistance strategy, concentrating on analytical and advisory services with limited financial support for Russia, would have been more appropriate than one involving large volumes of adjustment lending.
Food And Agricultural Policy In Russia
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Author : Csaba Csáki
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2002-01-01
Food And Agricultural Policy In Russia written by Csaba Csáki and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-01-01 with Business & Economics categories.
The agricultural sector in Russia has considerable untapped productive potential. Given this potential, agriculture could provide a solid foundation for growth and poverty alleviation, particularly in rural areas of Russia. The objectives of this book are to facilitate debate of issues key to agricultural policy, to contribute to a greater understanding of the Russian agricultural sector outside of Russia, and to identify a framework for further collaboration between the Russian government and the World Bank in the rural sector.
Agricultural Credit In The Baltics Russia And Other States Of The Former Soviet Union
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Author : Ashok Lahiri
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Agricultural Credit In The Baltics Russia And Other States Of The Former Soviet Union written by Ashok Lahiri and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Business & Economics categories.
Government Subsidies
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Author : Mr.Benedict J. Clements
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1995-09-01
Government Subsidies written by Mr.Benedict J. Clements and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-09-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper addresses the problems of defining and measuring government subsidies, examines why and how government subsidies are used as a fiscal policy tool, assesses their economic effects, appraises international empirical evidence on government subsidies, and offers options for their reform. Recent international trends in government subsidy expenditure are analyzed for the 16-year period from 1975 to 1990, using general government subsidy data for 60 countries from the System of National Accounts (SNA) and central government expenditure on subsidies and other current transfers for 68 countries from Government Finance Statistics (GFS). The paper reviews major policy options for subsidy reform, focusing on ways to improve the cost-effectiveness of subsidy programs.
Agricultural Policies In Emerging And Transition Economies 1998 Monitoring And Evaluation
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Author : OECD
language : en
Publisher: OECD Publishing
Release Date : 1998-10-06
Agricultural Policies In Emerging And Transition Economies 1998 Monitoring And Evaluation written by OECD and has been published by OECD Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-10-06 with categories.
Evaluates and provides statistical information on agricultural policies, including support, of emerging and transition economies in 1998.