The Soviet Biological Weapons Program

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The Soviet Biological Weapons Program

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Author : Milton Leitenberg
language : en
Publisher: Harvard University Press
Release Date : 2012-07-25

The Soviet Biological Weapons Program written by Milton Leitenberg and has been published by Harvard University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-25 with History categories.

This is the first attempt to understand the broad scope of the USSR’s offensive biological weapons research from its inception in the 1920s. Gorbachev tried to end the program, but the US and UK never obtained clear evidence he succeeded, raising the question whether the means for waging biological warfare could be revived in Russia in the future.

The Soviet Biological Weapons Program And Its Legacy In Today S Russia

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Author : Raymond A. Zilinskas
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017-02-04

The Soviet Biological Weapons Program And Its Legacy In Today S Russia written by Raymond A. Zilinskas and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-04 with Biological arms control categories.

In its first Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD) Case Study, the Center for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction (CSWMD) at the National Defense University examined President Richard M. Nixon's decision, on November 25, 1969, to terminate the U.S. offensive biological weapons program. This occasional paper seeks to explain why the Soviet government, at approximately the same time, decided to do essentially the opposite, namely, to establish a large biological warfare (BW) program that would be driven by newly discovered and powerful biotechnologies. By introducing the innovation of recombinant DNA technology - commonly referred to as genetic engineering - the Soviets were attempting to create bacterial and viral strains that were more useful for military purposes than were strains found in nature. In historical terms, the Soviet BW program had two so-called "generations," defined as distinct periods of time during which types of weapons were developed from earlier types. The first generation of the Soviet BW program commenced about 1928 and was based on naturally occurring pathogens that had caused devastating epidemics during World War I and the subsequent Russian Civil War. The second generation began approximately in 1972 when the decision was made at the highest political level to institute a research and development (R&D) system that utilized newly discovered techniques of genetic engineering to create novel or enhanced bacterial and viral strains that were better adapted for BW purposes than strains found in nature. President Boris Yeltsin ordered the cessation of the offensive BW program some months after the Soviet Union dissolved in December 1991 and in 1992 publically stated that it had conducted an offensive BW program in violation of the Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention. However, after Vladimir Putin was elected president, high-level Russian officials have lied about the Soviet BW program, stating that it was strictly a defensive program that had not broken international law. As is discussed later in this paper, elements of the Soviet offensive BW program continue in Russia and may provide the basis for a third-generation BW program supported by the current leadership. The first section of this paper describes the Soviet BW program's first generation, including its establishment, work plan and operations, and accomplishments. The second section focuses on "establishing the conditions" for the Soviet decision that was made sometime during 1969-1971 to establish and operate the second generation BW program. Conditions that are considered include the geopolitical challenges as perceived by the Soviet government, the decision making process for military acquisitions, and the inferior state of the biosciences in the Soviet Union at that time, which stimulated Soviet bioscientists to "play the military card" in order to introduce genetic engineering into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics' (USSR's) bioscience establishment. The final section has two sub-sections. The first summarizes the key factors that drove Soviet decisionmaking in the early 1970s to institute a huge offensive BW program. The second informs readers that even before Vladimir Putin was elected president for the second time, he openly stated that new weapons were to be developed using high technologies including "genetics." Based on this promise, and considering the secrecy that still keeps the military biological institutes and anti-plague institutes closed to outsiders, the paper discusses the possibility that the Putin administration may institute a third generation BW program. The appendix consists of a short biography of the Soviet general Yefim Ivanovich Smirnov who was for many years in charge of the Soviet BW program.

Biohazard

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Author : Ken Alibek
language : en
Publisher: Random House
Release Date : 2008-09-04

Biohazard written by Ken Alibek and has been published by Random House this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-09-04 with Technology & Engineering categories.

'We thought we had lived through the terror of a nuclear war, but something far more ominous was brewing in the Soviet Union - a biological Armageddon from which no one would escape. Dr Alibek has emerged from the world's deadliest labs to tell a story that is as important as it is chilling. Sometimes the truth is far worse than fiction. No one can afford not to read this book.' Robin Cook 'As the top scientist in the Soviet Union's biowarfare program and the inventor of the world's most powerful anthrax, Dr Ken Alibek has stunned the highest levels of the U.S. government with his revelations. Now, in a calm, compelling, utterly convincing voice, he tells the world what he knows. Modern biology is producing weapons that in killing power may exceed the hydrogen bomb. Ken Alibek describes them with the intimate knowledge of a top weaponeer.' Richard Preston, author of The Hot Zone

Iranian Weapons Programs

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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2001

Iranian Weapons Programs written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations. Subcommittee on Near Eastern and South Asian Affairs and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2001 with History categories.

Countering The Chemical And Biological Weapons Threat In The Post Soviet World

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993

Countering The Chemical And Biological Weapons Threat In The Post Soviet World written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Political Science categories.

Biological Weapons

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Author : DR. U C Jha
language : en
Publisher: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd
Release Date : 2021-02-01

Biological Weapons written by DR. U C Jha and has been published by Vij Books India Pvt Ltd this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-02-01 with Political Science categories.

The threat of biological weapons has been worrying about the armed forces, as well as political leaders for quite some time. With the global recorded deaths from COVID-19 surpassing one million, the biotechnological revolution has heightened the fear of future weaponized pathogens. The COVID-19 virus or its variant could be the most effective weapon for future biological warfare. The indiscriminate effect of such a weapon and its power to cripple economies and devastate the lives of people may make it attractive to rogue States and non-State actors. This book provides an updated analysis of biological warfare agents, including the COVID-19 virus, biotechnological developments affecting biological agents, and the legal regime responsible for preventing the use of biological weapons.

Biological Weapons

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Author : Jeanne Guillemin
language : en
Publisher: Columbia University Press
Release Date : 2005

Biological Weapons written by Jeanne Guillemin and has been published by Columbia University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with History categories.

This resource offers readers a highly accessible and informed account of the circumstances under which scientists, soldiers, and statesmen were able to mobilize resources for extensive biological weapons programs and explains why such weapons were never deployed in a major conflict.

Assessing The Biological Weapons Threat

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Author : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia, and Emerging Threats
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014

Assessing The Biological Weapons Threat written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Subcommittee on Europe, Eurasia, and Emerging Threats and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with Biological arms control categories.

Cold War Resistance

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Author : Marc Landas
language : en
Publisher: U of Nebraska Press
Release Date : 2020-10

Cold War Resistance written by Marc Landas and has been published by U of Nebraska Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10 with History categories.

"In "Cold War Resistance, " Marc Landas uncovers the dark history behind the discovery, production, and distribution of antibiotics, and how the Cold War played a role in today's worsening resistance to antibiotics"--

Weapons Of Mass Destruction

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Author : Eric A. Croddy
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2004-12-22

Weapons Of Mass Destruction written by Eric A. Croddy and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-12-22 with Political Science categories.

The first accessible reference to cover the history, context, current issues, and key concepts surrounding biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons. A collection of information on everything from aerosols to zones of peace, these two volumes cover historical background, technology, and strategic implications of biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons, thus providing facts, terms, and context needed to participate in contemporary policy debate. This encyclopedia is the only comprehensive reference dedicated to the three types of weapons of mass destruction. With over 500 entries arranged alphabetically, volume one covers biological and chemical weapons, while volume two focuses on nuclear weapons. Experts from eight countries cover issues related to these weapons, policies, strategies, technologies, delivery vehicles, arms control concepts, treaties, and key historical figures and locations. Entries are written to make difficult concepts easy to understand by cutting through military and scientific jargon. Students, lay readers, scientists, and government policy makers are provided with the broad range of information needed to place today's policy discussions in proper strategic or historical context.