The Stones Of Tiahuanaco
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The Stones Of Tiahuanaco
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Author : Stella Nair
language : en
Publisher: Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press
Release Date : 2013-12-31
The Stones Of Tiahuanaco written by Stella Nair and has been published by Cotsen Institute of Archaeology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-31 with Architecture categories.
The world's most artful and skillful stone architecture is found at Tiahuanaco at the southern end of Lake Titicaca in Bolivia. The precision of the stone masonry rivals that of the Incas to the point that writers from Spanish chroniclers of the sixteenth century to twentieth-century authors have claimed that Tiahuanaco not only served as a model for Inca architecture and stone masonry, but that the Incas even imported stonemasons from the Titicaca Basin to construct their buildings. Experiments aimed at replicating the astounding feats of the Tiahuanaco stonecutters--perfectly planar surfaces, perfect exterior and interior right angles, and precision to within 1 mm--throw light on the stonemasons' skill and knowledge, especially of geometry and mathematics. Detailed analyses of building stones yield insights into the architecture of Tiahuanaco, including its appearance, rules of composition, canons, and production, filling a significant gap in the understanding of Tiahuanaco's material culture.
Puma Punku
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Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2016-06-08
Puma Punku written by Charles River Charles River Editors and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-06-08 with categories.
*Includes pictures *Profiles the history of the site and the theories about its purpose *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading *Includes a table of contents The ancient world often evokes wonder, respect and even confusion, and few places accomplish any of that more than the incredible ruined stone temple of Puma Punku. Part of the larger ruined city of Tiwanaku in the altiplano plains of modern Bolivia, Puma Punku is a marvel of engineering, stonemasonry and design. These facts are obvious to even the lay observer, as Puma Punku's stonework is remarkable even for the Andes where visitors have long wondered at ancient stone joints where even a knife bade could not fit between the stones. This level of craftsmanship has caused some, mostly those who have never been to the Andes, to speculate of a fanciful origin for the site, maintaining that such a wonderful and mysterious place must be the work of extraterrestrial or super-human forces. However, Puma Punku's stonemasonry is often considered its most notable feature only because until recently so little was known about the site or the Tiwanaku culture that built it. This would be like visiting the ruins of the Vatican or Westminster Abbey centuries from now and being wowed by the quality of construction. While the construction is impressive, that aspect is not the most interesting story that the sites can tell. Today, through the diligent work of scholars from many countries, the disciplines of archaeology, art history, comparative ethnography and other modern historical sciences have begun to peel back the story of Puma Punku, and historians can once again begin to tell the stories behind the stones. That work has highlighted the enigmatic ruins from many points of view, and have helped explain how it was a place of ritual, showmanship, mythology and, of course, the finest workmanship. Puma Punku: The History of Tiwanaku's Spectacular Temple of the Sun examines one of the most important pre-Columbian sites in South America. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about Puma Punku like never before, in no time at all.
At Home With The Sapa Inca
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Author : Stella Nair
language : en
Publisher: University of Texas Press
Release Date : 2015-07-01
At Home With The Sapa Inca written by Stella Nair and has been published by University of Texas Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-07-01 with Social Science categories.
By examining the stunning stone buildings and dynamic spaces of the royal estate of Chinchero, Nair brings to light the rich complexity of Inca architecture. This investigation ranges from the paradigms of Inca scholarship and a summary of Inca cultural practices to the key events of Topa Inca's reign and the many individual elements of Chinchero's extraordinary built environment. What emerges are the subtle, often sophisticated ways in which the Inca manipulated space and architecture in order to impose their authority, identity, and agenda. The remains of grand buildings, as well as a series of deft architectural gestures in the landscape, reveal the unique places that were created within the royal estate and how one space deeply informed the other. These dynamic settings created private places for an aging ruler to spend time with a preferred wife and son, while also providing impressive spaces for imperial theatrics that reiterated the power of Topa Inca, the choice of his preferred heir, and the ruler's close relationship with sacred forces. This careful study of architectural details also exposes several false paradigms that have profoundly misguided how we understand Inca architecture, including the belief that it ended with the arrival of Spaniards in the Andes. Instead, Nair reveals how, amidst the entanglement and violence of the European encounter, an indigenous town emerged that was rooted in Inca ways of understanding space, place, and architecture and that paid homage to a landscape that defined home for Topa Inca.
Tiwanaku And Puma Punku
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Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017-09-19
Tiwanaku And Puma Punku written by Charles River Charles River Editors and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-19 with categories.
*Includes pictures *Includes a bibliography for further reading Few ancient ruins capture the imagination like the mighty holy site of Tiwanaku, located on the high Andean altiplano plateau outside of La Paz, Bolivia. Unlike some ancient sites, such as Machu Picchu in neighboring Peru or Chichen Itzá in Mexico, Tiwanaku has never been "lost"; on the contrary, it has been marveled over for centuries by Incan nobles, Spanish Conquistadores, modern backpackers, and UFO fanatics alike. Despite this history of amazement, Tiwanaku has remained something of an enigma until recently, but it appears that this would have probably been pleasing to its creators. It was created to be a mysterious, sacred, and beautiful place, one with many secrets and a public face characterized by PT Barnum-like showmanship. Skillful modern archaeology has allowed people to look behind the facade and see, for the first time in many, many centuries, some of the secrets behind it. The story is fascinating, complex, and thoroughly human. The modern visitor arriving to Tiahuanaco finds him or herself in, as Cieza de Léon noted almost 130 years ago, a not very notable, dusty, chilly settlement south of Lake Titicaca. The place would not be of any great interest except that to the east and south of the modern village, within walking distance of the center, rise a number of remarkable ruins. The ancient world often evokes wonder, respect and even confusion, and few places accomplish any of that more than the incredible ruined stone temple of Puma Punku. Part of the larger ruined city of Tiwanaku in the altiplano plains of modern Bolivia, Puma Punku is a marvel of engineering, stonemasonry and design. These facts are obvious to even the lay observer, as Puma Punku's stonework is remarkable even for the Andes where visitors have long wondered at ancient stone joints where even a knife bade could not fit between the stones. This level of craftsmanship has caused some, mostly those who have never been to the Andes, to speculate of a fanciful origin for the site, maintaining that such a wonderful and mysterious place must be the work of extraterrestrial or super-human forces. However, Puma Punku's stonemasonry is often considered its most notable feature only because until recently so little was known about the site or the Tiwanaku culture that built it. This would be like visiting the ruins of the Vatican or Westminster Abbey centuries from now and being wowed by the quality of construction. While the construction is impressive, that aspect is not the most interesting story that the sites can tell. Today, through the diligent work of scholars from many countries, the disciplines of archaeology, art history, comparative ethnography and other modern historical sciences have begun to peel back the story of Puma Punku, and historians can once again begin to tell the stories behind the stones. That work has highlighted the enigmatic ruins from many points of view, and have helped explain how it was a place of ritual, showmanship, mythology and, of course, the finest workmanship. Tiwanaku and Puma Punku: The History and Legacy of South America's Most Famous Ancient Holy Site examines some of the most important pre-Columbian ruins in the world. Along with pictures of important people, places, and events, you will learn about Tiwanaku and Puma Punku like never before.
The Ruins At Tiahuanaco
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Author : Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1911
The Ruins At Tiahuanaco written by Adolph Francis Alphonse Bandelier and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1911 with Tiahuanacu (Bolivia) categories.
Peru
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Author : Ephraim George Squier
language : en
Publisher: New York, Harper & brothers
Release Date : 1877
Peru written by Ephraim George Squier and has been published by New York, Harper & brothers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1877 with Chimes categories.
Tiwanaku
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Author : Charles River Charles River Editors
language : en
Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform
Release Date : 2017-06-05
Tiwanaku written by Charles River Charles River Editors and has been published by Createspace Independent Publishing Platform this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-06-05 with categories.
*Includes pictures *Includes historical accounts describing the site *Includes online resources and a bibliography for further reading "Tiahuanaco is not a very large village, but it is celebrated for the great edifices near it, which are certainly things worth seeing. Near the buildings there is a hill made by the hands of men, on great foundations of stone. Beyond this hill there are two stone idols, of the human shape and figure, the features very skillfully carved, so that they appear to have been done by the hand of some great master. They are so large that they seem like small giants, and it is clear that they have on a sort of clothing different from those now worn by the natives of these parts." - Cieza de Leon, 1883 Few ancient ruins capture the imagination like the mighty holy site of Tiwanaku, located on the high Andean altiplano plateau outside of La Paz, Bolivia. Unlike some ancient sites, such as Machu Picchu in neighboring Peru or Chichen Itza in Mexico, Tiwanaku has never been "lost"; on the contrary, it has been marveled over for centuries by Incan nobles, Spanish Conquistadores, modern backpackers, and UFO fanatics alike. Despite this history of amazement, Tiwanaku has remained something of an enigma until recently, but it appears that this would have probably been pleasing to its creators. It was created to be a mysterious, sacred, and beautiful place, one with many secrets and a public face characterized by PT Barnum-like showmanship. Skillful modern archaeology has allowed people to look behind the facade and see, for the first time in many, many centuries, some of the secrets behind it. The story is fascinating, complex, and thoroughly human. The modern visitor arriving to Tiahuanaco finds him or herself in, as Cieza de Leon noted almost 130 years ago, a not very notable, dusty, chilly settlement south of Lake Titicaca. The place would not be of any great interest except that to the east and south of the modern village, within walking distance of the center, rise a number of remarkable ruins. The eastern complex is the larger of the two and encompasses the ceremonial heart of the ancient settlement, including the massive Akapana Pyramid, the Kalasaya Temple, and the famed Puerta del Sol (Gate of the Sun). Visitors typically pose before this remarkable gateway, carved out of a single 10-ton block of andesite and decorated with elaborate carvings, including a curious figure in the center of a man bearing two rods or staffs in its hands. Visitors leaving this central complex travel south - perhaps stopping at the Ceramic Museum, containing typical works of red and white geometric and zoomorphic images on red earthenware - to the southern complex, centered on the famed ruins of Puma Punku. While this typically makes up the entirety of a visitor's time in the ruins, what is often overlooked is that these ceremonial buildings were surrounded by a vast array of lesser structures, many of which appear to have been cannibalized for their stone to build the modern town, especially the church of San Pedro in the main square (Bolivia es Turismo 2016). Beyond this was an impressive system of aqueducts and irrigation, broad expanses of carefully controlled fields, outlying settlements, and a vast network of dependent, conquered territories. Together they make up the political, spiritual, economic, and artistic world which today is called "Tiwanaku," a place, empire, and cultural tradition that is the focus of this text. Tiwanaku: The History and Legacy of the Ancient Pre-Colombian Site in the Heart of the Andes chronicles the history and archaeology of the famous site. Along with pictures depicting important people, places, and events, you will learn about Tiwanaku like never before.
Harper S New Monthly Magazine
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Author : Henry Mills Alden
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1868
Harper S New Monthly Magazine written by Henry Mills Alden and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1868 with American literature categories.
Harper's informs a diverse body of readers of cultural, business, political, literary and scientific affairs.
Memorias Antiguas Historiales Del Peru By Fernando Montesinos
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Author : Sir Clements R. Markham
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-05-15
Memorias Antiguas Historiales Del Peru By Fernando Montesinos written by Sir Clements R. Markham and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-05-15 with History categories.
Text written in the seventeenth century, translated and edited by Philip Ainsworth Means, with an Introduction by the late Sir Clements R. Markham. The translation is from the Spanish edition of Marcos Jiménez de la Espada, published Madrid, 1882. Also includes 'Eight chronological tables ... compiled by P. A. Means'; 'List of words in the names of kings and Incas ...' and 'Quichua words in Montesinos'. This is a new print-on-demand hardback edition of the volume first published in 1920.
The Enigma Of Tiwanaku And Puma Punku A Visitor S Guide
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Author : Brien Foerster
language : en
Publisher: Lulu.com
Release Date :
The Enigma Of Tiwanaku And Puma Punku A Visitor S Guide written by Brien Foerster and has been published by Lulu.com this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.