The Tax Elasticity System Of Corporate Debt
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The Tax Elasticity System Of Corporate Debt
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Author : Ruud A. de Mooij
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
The Tax Elasticity System Of Corporate Debt written by Ruud A. de Mooij and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Corporations categories.
Although the empirical literature has long struggled to identify the impact of taxes on corporate financial structure, a recent boom in studies offers ample support for the debt bias of taxation. Yet, studies differ considerably in effect size and reveal an equally large variety in methodologies and specifications. This paper sheds light on this variation and assesses the systematic impact on the size of the effects. We find that, typically, a one percentage point higher tax rate increases the debt-asset ratio by between 0.17 and 0.28. Responses are increasing over time, which suggests that debt bias distortions have become more important.
The Tax Elasticity Of Corporate Debt
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Author : Ruud A. de Mooij
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2011-04-01
The Tax Elasticity Of Corporate Debt written by Ruud A. de Mooij and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-04-01 with Business & Economics categories.
Although the empirical literature has long struggled to identify the impact of taxes on corporate financial structure, a recent boom in studies offers ample support for the debt bias of taxation. Yet, studies differ considerably in effect size and reveal an equally large variety in methodologies and specifications. This paper sheds light on this variation and assesses the systematic impact on the size of the effects. We find that, typically, a one percentage point higher tax rate increases the debt-asset ratio by between 0.17 and 0.28. Responses are increasing over time, which suggests that debt bias distortions have become more important.
Curbing Corporate Debt Bias
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Author : Ruud A. de Mooij
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2017-02-10
Curbing Corporate Debt Bias written by Ruud A. de Mooij and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Tax provisions favoring corporate debt over equity finance (“debt bias”) are widely recognized as a risk to financial stability. This paper explores whether and how thin-capitalization rules, which restrict interest deductibility beyond a certain amount, affect corporate debt ratios and mitigate financial stability risk. We find that rules targeted at related party borrowing (the majority of today’s rules) have no significant impact on debt bias—which relates to third-party borrowing. Also, these rules have no effect on broader indicators of firm financial distress. Rules applying to all debt, in contrast, turn out to be effective: the presence of such a rule reduces the debt-asset ratio in an average company by 5 percentage points; and they reduce the probability for a firm to be in financial distress by 5 percent. Debt ratios are found to be more responsive to thin capitalization rules in industries characterized by a high share of tangible assets.
Tax Policy Leverage And Macroeconomic Stability
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Author : International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept.
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2016-12-10
Tax Policy Leverage And Macroeconomic Stability written by International Monetary Fund. Fiscal Affairs Dept. and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-10 with Business & Economics categories.
Risks to macroeconomic stability posed by excessive private leverage are significantly amplified by tax distortions. ‘Debt bias’ (tax provisions favoring finance by debt rather than equity) has increased leverage in both the household and corporate sectors, and is now widely recognized as a significant macroeconomic concern. This paper presents new evidence of the extent of debt bias, including estimates for banks and non-bank financial institutions both before and after the global financial crisis. It presents policy options to alleviate debt bias, and assesses their effectiveness. The paper finds that thin capitalization rules restricting interest deductibility have only partially been able to address debt bias, but that an allowance for corporate equity has generally proved effective. The paper concludes that debt bias should feature prominently in countries’ tax reform plans in the coming years.
Pouring Oil On Fire Interest Deductibility And Corporate Debt
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Author : Pietro Dallari
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-12-07
Pouring Oil On Fire Interest Deductibility And Corporate Debt written by Pietro Dallari and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-12-07 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper investigates the role of tax incentives towards debt finance in the buildup of leverage in the nonfinancial corporate (NFC) sector, using a large firm-level dataset. We find that so-called debt bias is a significant driver of leverage, for both small and medium-sized enterprises and larger firms, with its effect accounting for about a quarter of leverage. The strength of this effect differs with firm size, the availability of collateral, income and income volatility, cash flow, and capital intensity. We conclude that leveling the playing field between debt and equity finance through tax policy reform would decrease NFC leverage, reducing economic risks posited by leverage.
Taxing Corporate Income In The 21st Century
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Author : Alan J. Auerbach
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2007-04-16
Taxing Corporate Income In The 21st Century written by Alan J. Auerbach and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-04-16 with Business & Economics categories.
This book was first published in 2007. Most countries levy taxes on corporations, but the impact - and therefore the wisdom - of such taxes is highly controversial among economists. Does the burden of these taxes fall on wealthy shareowners, or is it passed along to those who work for, or buy the products of, corporations? Can a country with high corporate taxes remain competitive in the global economy? This book features research by leading economists and accountants that sheds light on these and related questions, including how taxes affect corporate dividend policy, stock market value, avoidance, and evasion. The studies promise to inform both future tax policy and regulatory policy, especially in light of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and other actions by the Securities and Exchange Commission that are having profound effects on the market for tax planning and auditing in the wake of the well-publicized accounting scandals in Enron and WorldCom.
International Corporate Tax Avoidance A Review Of The Channels Magnitudes And Blind Spots
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Author : Sebastian Beer
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2018-07-23
International Corporate Tax Avoidance A Review Of The Channels Magnitudes And Blind Spots written by Sebastian Beer and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-23 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper reviews the rapidly growing empirical literature on international tax avoidance by multinational corporations. It surveys evidence on main channels of corporate tax avoidance including transfer mispricing, international debt shifting, treaty shopping, tax deferral and corporate inversions. Moreover, it performs a meta analysis of the extensive literature that estimates the overall size of profit shifting. We find that the literature suggests that, on average, a 1 percentage-point lower corporate tax rate will expand before-tax income by 1 percent—an effect that is larger than reported as the consensus estimate in previous surveys and tends to be increasing over time. The literature on tax avoidance still has several unresolved puzzles and blind spots that require further research.
Taxation And Leverage In International Banking
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Author : Ms.Grace Weishi Gu
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2012-11-30
Taxation And Leverage In International Banking written by Ms.Grace Weishi Gu and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-30 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper explores how corporate taxes affect the financial structure of multinational banks. Guided by a simple theory of optimal capital structure it tests (i) whether corporate taxes induce subsidiary banks to raise their debt-asset ratio in light of the traditional debt bias; and (ii) whether international corporate tax differentials vis-a-vis foreign subsidiary banks affect the intra-bank capital structure through international debt shifting. Using a novel subsidiary-level dataset for 558 commercial bank subsidiaries of the 86 largest multinational banks in the world, we find that taxes matter significantly, through both the traditional debt bias channel and the international debt shifting that is due to the international tax differentials. The latter channel is more robust and tends to be quantitatively more important. Our results imply that taxation causes significant international debt spillovers through multinational banks, which has potentially important implications for tax policy.
Markets For Corporate Debt Securities
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Author : T. Todd Smith
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 1995-07-01
Markets For Corporate Debt Securities written by T. Todd Smith and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-07-01 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper surveys markets for corporate debt securities in the major industrial countries and the international markets. The discussion includes a comparison of the sizes of the markets for various products, as well as the key operational, institutional, and legal features of primary and secondary markets. Although there are some signs that debt markets may be emphasized in the future by some countries, it remains true that North American debt markets are the most active and liquid in the world. The international debt markets are, however, growing in importance. The paper also investigates some of the reasons for the underdevelopment of domestic bond markets and the consequences of firms shifting their debt financing needs from banks to securities markets.
Japan S Corporate Income Tax
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Author : Ruud A. de Mooij
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2014-08-04
Japan S Corporate Income Tax written by Ruud A. de Mooij and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-08-04 with Business & Economics categories.
This paper explores how corporate income tax reform can help Japan increase investment and boost potential growth. Using international and Japan-specific empirical estimates of corporate tax elasticities, investment is predicted to expand by around 0.4 percent for each point of rate reduction. International consensus estimates suggest further that between 10 and 30 percent of the static revenue loss could be recovered in the long run through dynamic scoring, although Japan’s offset may be closer to the lower bound. Compensating fiscal measures are necessary in light of Japan’s tight fiscal constraints. The scope for base broadening in the corporate income tax is found to be limited and some forms of base broadening will undo positive investment effects of a rate cut. Alternative revenue sources include higher consumption and property taxes. A gradual approach toward lowering tax rates mitigates windfall gains and reduces short-run revenue costs. An incremental allowance-for-corporate-equity system could boost investment with limited fiscal costs in the short run.