The Time Course Of Contextual Valence And Self Relevance Effects On The Perception Of Faces With Direct Versus Averted Gaze
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The Time Course Of Contextual Valence And Self Relevance Effects On The Perception Of Faces With Direct Versus Averted Gaze
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Author : Sarah McCrackin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
The Time Course Of Contextual Valence And Self Relevance Effects On The Perception Of Faces With Direct Versus Averted Gaze written by Sarah McCrackin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Context effects (Psychology) categories.
We see faces every day within a rich situational context. Previous ERP research has demonstrated that priming faces with contextual sentences varying in self-relevance and valence alters electrocortical and emotional responding to them, though the time-course of these effects is still unclear. It is also unclear if these effects interact with another cue that inherently contains emotional and self-referential information: whether or not the face is looking at the participant. We primed direct and averted gaze neutral faces (gaze manipulation) with emotional sentences to give them context. These sentences contained positive or negative opinions (valence manipulation) that the face held of the participants or of someone else (self-relevance manipulation). After reading each sentence, participants viewed the corresponding face and rated how positive or negative, and how affectively aroused, it made them feel. Eye-tracking enforced sentence reading and face fixation, while ERPs recorded at face onset tracked the time-course of when context and gaze effects interacted. Faces put into self-relevant contexts were more arousing than those in other-relevant contexts, and elicited different ERP waveforms just 150ms post-face, earlier than previously reported. This self-relevance effect was modulated by valence at both the behavioural and ERP level. Finally, faces put into positive self-referential contexts elicited different N170 ERP amplitudes depending on gaze direction, interacting during the time window thought to reflect the structural encoding of the face. These findings were paralleled in our behavioural measures, where positive self-referential faces made participants feel more positive if they had direct rather than averted gaze. These results indicate that the contextual cues of self-relevance and valence impact early visual perception of neutral faces in a complex and nuanced manner, interacting with gaze direction. They emphasize the importance of studying the effect of gaze cues on face perception within context mimicking the complexities of real world interactions.
Towards A Neuroscience Of Social Interaction
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Author : Ulrich Pfeiffer
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date :
Towards A Neuroscience Of Social Interaction written by Ulrich Pfeiffer and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with categories.
The burgeoning field of social neuroscience has begun to illuminate the complex biological bases of human social cognitive abilities. However, in spite of being based on the premise of investigating the neural bases of interacting minds, the majority of studies have focused on studying brains in isolation using paradigms that investigate offline social cognition, i.e. social cognition from a detached observer's point of view, asking study participants to read out the mental states of others without being engaged in interaction with them. Consequently, the neural correlates of real-time social interaction have remained elusive and may —paradoxically— represent the 'dark matter' of social neuroscience. More recently, a growing number of researchers have begun to study online social cognition, i.e. social cognition from a participant's point of view, based on the assumption that there is something fundamentally different when we are actively engaged with others in real-time social interaction as compared to when we merely observe them. Whereas, for offline social cognition, interaction and feedback are merely a way of gathering data about the other person that feeds into processing algorithms 'inside’ the agent, it has been proposed that in online social cognition the knowledge of the other —at least in part— resides in the interaction dynamics ‘between’ the agents. Furthermore being a participant in an ongoing interaction may entail a commitment toward being responsive created by important differences in the motivational foundations of online and offline social cognition. In order to promote the development of the neuroscientific investigation of online social cognition, this Frontiers Research Topic aims at bringing together contributions from researchers in social neuroscience and related fields, whose work involves the study of at least two individuals and sometimes two brains, rather than single individuals and brains responding to a social context. Specifically, this Research Topic will adopt an interdisciplinary perspective on what it is that separates online from offline social cognition and the putative differences in the recruitment of underlying processes and mechanisms. Here, an important focal point will be to address the various roles of social interaction in contributing to and —at times— constituting our awareness of other minds. For this Research Topic, we, therefore, solicit reviews, original research articles, opinion and method papers, which address the investigation of social interaction and go beyond traditional concepts and ways of experimentation in doing so. While focusing on work in the neurosciences, this Research Topic also welcomes contributions in the form of behavioral studies, psychophysiological investigations, methodological innovations, computational approaches, developmental and patient studies. By focusing on cutting-edge research in social neuroscience and related fields, this Frontiers Research Topic will create new insights concerning the neurobiology of social interaction and holds the promise of helping social neuroscience to really go social.
Context Influence In Emotion Perception Across The Lifespan
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Author : Nhi Ngo
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Context Influence In Emotion Perception Across The Lifespan written by Nhi Ngo and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with Emotion recognition categories.
Emotion perception of facial expressions is an essential tool to navigate the social world. Facial expressions are not stand-alone entities but are embedded in environments rich with cues that contextualize the emotion expressed on the face. Investigating how context is utilized as a function of perceiver- and target-associated cues will help us understand the mechanism through which context is incorporated into emotion perception. In this dissertation, I considered age, top-down control, and stereotyping as perceiver-associated contexts that can interact with target-associated contexts such as cue relevance and target's race to produce individual differences in context utilization in emotion perception. Study 1 investigated whether context can be attended spontaneously if the relevance of the contextual cue was manipulated, and whether older adults (n = 40), due to their inhibition decline, would be more influenced by context than younger adults (n = 43) even when the context was not relevant to the target. Younger and older adults were either instructed that the background scene was relevant or irrelevant to the embedded facial expression. Regardless of instruction about context relevance, participants were influenced by context. However, this contextual effect was much more pronounced in the relevant context than the irrelevant context condition. These results supported the hypothesis that attention to context is not fully spontaneous, and that a perceiver is capable of inhibiting their attention to context when they consider the context irrelevant to the target facial expressions. Study 2 examined whether context effects would be attenuated if the target belonged to a social outgroup and expressed an emotion that was stereotypically believed to be representative of that group. In this study, White younger (n = 51) and older adults (n = 50) judged facial expressions of White and Black individuals embedded in emotionally congruent and incongruent context. Older adults were expected to exhibit more prejudice and stereotyping behaviors, and consequently would be less influenced by context when the target was Black than when the target was White. Results revealed that context effects were evident for both Black and White targets. Despite the stereotypical association between Black and angry, both younger and older adults were more influenced by context when the target was Black, regardless of the target's emotion. Participants appeared to have both low prejudice and sufficient motivation to correct for possible stereotypical association between Black and anger by using the "disgusted" label for Black angry faces. Executive functioning predicted how influenced by context younger adults were when the target was Black and angry, but did not predict the same for White angry targets. Better executive functioning, which includes better inhibition abilities, might have facilitated inhibition of stereotypes for perceivers with the best executive functioning abilities. No difference was found within older adults. This dissertation demonstrated the importance of integrating different types of contextual cues from both the perceiver and the target, as they can interact to modulate the pattern of context effects on emotion perception. The emotion and the race of the target, the presumed relevance of the context, as well as the perceiver's inhibition abilities all play a role in determining the magnitude of context effects. The current studies also highlight the role of aging in contextualized emotion perception. While the scientific process requires isolating variables so their effects are not confounded, and despite the definite benefits of studying facial expressions in isolation, emotion perception in real life never functions without context. Context effects, as have been shown in this dissertation, vary with different perceiver- and target- associated factors. Studying context can only further our understanding of the complex phenomenon of emotion perception, and how it can help us efficiently navigate the busy, multi-cue social world.
The Cambridge Handbook Of Human Affective Neuroscience
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Author : Jorge Armony
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-01-21
The Cambridge Handbook Of Human Affective Neuroscience written by Jorge Armony and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-21 with Psychology categories.
Neuroscientific research on emotion has developed dramatically over the past decade. The cognitive neuroscience of human emotion, which has emerged as the new and thriving area of 'affective neuroscience', is rapidly rendering existing overviews of the field obsolete. This handbook provides a comprehensive, up-to-date and authoritative survey of knowledge and topics investigated in this cutting-edge field. It covers a range of topics, from face and voice perception to pain and music, as well as social behaviors and decision making. The book considers and interrogates multiple research methods, among them brain imaging and physiology measurements, as well as methods used to evaluate behavior and genetics. Editors Jorge Armony and Patrik Vuilleumier have enlisted well-known and active researchers from more than twenty institutions across three continents, bringing geographic as well as methodological breadth to the collection. This timely volume will become a key reference work for researchers and students in the growing field of neuroscience.
Infant Chimpanzee And Human Child A Classic 1935 Comparative Study Of Ape Emotions And Intelligence
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Author : the late N. N. Ladygina-Kohts
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2002-02-18
Infant Chimpanzee And Human Child A Classic 1935 Comparative Study Of Ape Emotions And Intelligence written by the late N. N. Ladygina-Kohts and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-02-18 with Psychology categories.
This edition presents the first complete English translation of N.N. Ladygina-Kohts' journal chronicling her pioneering work with the chimpanzee, Joni. The journal entries describe and compare the instincts, emotions, play, and habits of her son Rudy and Joni as each develops. First published in Moscow in 1935 as a memoir in the Darwin Museum Series, this edition has 120 photographs, 46 drawings and an introduction by Allen and Beatrix Gardner of the Center for Advanced Study at the University of Nevada, as well as a Foreword and an Afterword by Lisa A. Parr, Signe Preuschoft, and Frans B. M. de Waal of the Living Links Center at Emory University.
Typical And Atypical Processing Of Gaze
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Author : Chris Ashwin
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-03-24
Typical And Atypical Processing Of Gaze written by Chris Ashwin and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-24 with categories.
Social Exclusion Social Inclusion
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1995
Social Exclusion Social Inclusion written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995 with Northern Ireland categories.
Judgment Studies
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Author : Robert Rosenthal
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1987-05-29
Judgment Studies written by Robert Rosenthal and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1987-05-29 with Psychology categories.
This book constitutes a unique resource for advanced students and researchers in the behavioral and social sciences.
Mama S Last Hug Animal Emotions And What They Tell Us About Ourselves
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Author : Frans de Waal
language : en
Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company
Release Date : 2019-03-12
Mama S Last Hug Animal Emotions And What They Tell Us About Ourselves written by Frans de Waal and has been published by W. W. Norton & Company this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-12 with Science categories.
New York Times best-selling author and primatologist Frans de Waal explores the fascinating world of animal and human emotions. Frans de Waal has spent four decades at the forefront of animal research. Following up on the best-selling Are We Smart Enough to Know How Smart Animals Are?, which investigated animal intelligence, Mama’s Last Hug delivers a fascinating exploration of the rich emotional lives of animals. Mama’s Last Hug begins with the death of Mama, a chimpanzee matriarch who formed a deep bond with biologist Jan van Hooff. When Mama was dying, van Hooff took the unusual step of visiting her in her night cage for a last hug. Their goodbyes were filmed and went viral. Millions of people were deeply moved by the way Mama embraced the professor, welcoming him with a big smile while reassuring him by patting his neck, in a gesture often considered typically human but that is in fact common to all primates. This story and others like it form the core of de Waal’s argument, showing that humans are not the only species with the capacity for love, hate, fear, shame, guilt, joy, disgust, and empathy. De Waal discusses facial expressions, the emotions behind human politics, the illusion of free will, animal sentience, and, of course, Mama’s life and death. The message is one of continuity between us and other species, such as the radical proposal that emotions are like organs: we don’t have a single organ that other animals don’t have, and the same is true for our emotions. Mama’s Last Hug opens our hearts and minds to the many ways in which humans and other animals are connected, transforming how we view the living world around us.
Cognition And Emotion
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Author : Jan de Houwer
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2010-05-09
Cognition And Emotion written by Jan de Houwer and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-09 with Psychology categories.
Emotions are complex and multifaceted phenomena. Although they have been examined from a variety of perspectives, the study of the interaction between cognition and emotion has always occupied a unique position within emotion research. Many philosophers and psychologists have been fascinated by the relationship between thinking and feeling. During the past 30 years, research on the relationship between cognition and emotion has boomed and so many studies on this topic have been published that it is difficult to keep track of the evidence. This book fulfils the need for a review of the existing evidence on particular aspects of the interplay between cognition and emotion. The book assembles a collection of state-of-the-art reviews of the most important topics in cognition and emotion research: emotion theories, feeling and thinking, the perception of emotion, the expression of emotion, emotion regulation, emotion and memory, and emotion and attention. By bringing these reviews together, this book presents a unique overview of the knowledge that has been generated in the past decades about the many and complex ways in which cognition and emotion interact. As such, it provides a useful tool for both students and researchers alike, in the fields of social, clinical and cognitive psychology.