Typical And Atypical Processing Of Gaze
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Typical And Atypical Processing Of Gaze
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Author : Chris Ashwin
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2020-03-24
Typical And Atypical Processing Of Gaze written by Chris Ashwin and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-24 with categories.
Evaluating Eye Gaze Perception Deficits In Autism Spectrum Disorders Using A Computational Modeling Approach
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Author : Jason Griffin
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Evaluating Eye Gaze Perception Deficits In Autism Spectrum Disorders Using A Computational Modeling Approach written by Jason Griffin and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
Atypical visual attention to faces and difficulty interpreting eye gaze cues are core deficits of autism that have widespread consequences for social communication. I evaluated if autistic adolescents display atypical visual processing strategies during perception of eye gaze cues and investigated if these could be altered through serious game intervention. To capture both spatial and temporal dimensions of visual processing strategies during eye gaze processing, I utilized a novel, data-driven computational modeling approach. This approach summarizes a participant's eye movements (fixation locations and sequence) with person-specific regions of interest (ROIs) and transition probabilities among ROIs using a hidden Markov model; These can be clustered to discover common patterns among all participants. I discovered "focused" (fixating narrowly to face first then to target object area) and "explorative" (fixating at diffuse area around the face then to target object area) eye movement patterns. Autistic adolescents tended to use a more explorative eye movement pattern during eye gaze perception, but this was not associated with their behavioral task performance at interpreting eye gaze cues. Furthermore, I found that autistic participants who completed a serious game intervention (treatment), showed a more focused eye movement pattern post-intervention compared to autistic adolescents that did not complete the intervention (control). At baseline, treatment and control participants did not differ in their likelihood of using focused or explorative patterns. However, post-intervention, the treatment group was more likely to use a focused pattern compared to the control group. Finally, I found that changes in eye movement patterns across time were differentially associated with improvement in task performance across time between treatment and control participants. In conclusion, these findings suggest that autistic individuals processing eye gaze in ways that are unique and malleable.
Selective Attention To Face Cues In Adults With And Without Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Author : Sarah Nugent Rigby
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Selective Attention To Face Cues In Adults With And Without Autism Spectrum Disorders written by Sarah Nugent Rigby and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) use atypical approaches when processing facial stimuli. The first purpose of this research was to investigate face processing abilities in adults with ASD using several tasks, to compare patterns of interference between static identity and expression processing in adults with ASD and typical adults, and to investigate whether the introduction of dynamic cues caused members of one or both groups to shift from a global to a more local processing strategy. The second purpose was to compare the gaze behaviour of groups of participants as they viewed static and dynamic single- and multiple-character scenes. I tested 16 adults with ASD and 16 sex-, age-, and IQ-matched typical controls. In Study 1, participants completed a task designed to assess processing speed, another to measure visual processing bias, and two tasks involving static and dynamic face stimuli -- an identity-matching task and a Garner selective attention task. Adults with ASD were less sensitive to facial identity, and, unlike typical controls, showed negligible interference between identity and expression processing when judging both static and moving faces. In Study 2, participants viewed scenes while their gaze behaviour was recorded. Overall, participants with ASD showed fewer and shorter fixations on faces compared to their peers. Additionally, whereas the introduction of motion and increased social complexity of the scenes affected the gaze behaviour of typical adults, only the latter manipulation affected adults with ASD. My findings emphasize the importance of using dynamic displays when studying typical and atypical face processing mechanisms.
Visual Orienting To Eye Gaze In Individuals With High And Low Levels Of Autistic Traits
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Author : Gillian Little
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Visual Orienting To Eye Gaze In Individuals With High And Low Levels Of Autistic Traits written by Gillian Little and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Individuals with autism spectrum disorders have a tendency to avoid eye contact and show a lack of voluntary and spontaneous gaze following behaviour. Research using gaze cueing paradigms has suggested that although individuals with autism can and do reflexively orient to gaze cues, this is done using atypical strategies. Consistent with the notion that autism is a spectrum disorder on a broad continuum which extends to the typically developing population, this study aimed to investigate whether similar atypical strategies for gaze cueing tasks found in autism would be apparent in typical individuals with high levels of autistic traits. To explore this possibility, typically developing individuals with high and low levels of autistic traits were compared on their performance of pro-saccade and anti-saccade cueing tasks with gaze and arrow distracters. Eye movements to these tasks were recorded. Results indicated no differences in orienting between the high and low group. This suggests that the atypical cueing effects found in those with autism do not extend to the typical population as a function of autistic trait. Furthermore, error rates on the anti-saccade task suggest a speed accuracy trade off specific to gaze cues. This supports the notion that gaze modulates attention in a uniquely social way.
The Science Of Social Vision The Science Of Social Vision
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Author : Reginald B. Adams
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2011
The Science Of Social Vision The Science Of Social Vision written by Reginald B. Adams and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Psychology categories.
The human visual system is particularly attuned to and remarkably efficient at processing social cues. This text examines the functional and neuroanatomical mechanisms which underpin social vision.
Cognitive Neuroscience Development And Psychopathology
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Author : Jacob A. Burack
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-07-24
Cognitive Neuroscience Development And Psychopathology written by Jacob A. Burack and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-07-24 with Psychology categories.
The disciplines of cognitive neuroscience, development, and psychopathology are complementary in the study of human perception and attention, even though each discipline emerges from a decidedly different and sometimes incompatible worldview. The meeting of researchers across these disciplines results in a fruitful cross-fertilization that ultimately leads to better science within each discipline and a joint scientific endeavor that is greater than the sum of its parts. Cognitive Neuroscience, Development, and Psychopathology: Typical and Atypical Developmental Trajectories of Attention unites scholars sharing common interests in the development of attention and related areas of functioning with different perspectives and methodologies. The volume does not impose a single framework for discussing the relevant issues, but rather the authors highlight the importance of their own approaches to the study of the typical and atypical development of attention. Drs. Burack, Enns, and Fox have organized the chapters into three sections: Atypical Environments, Threat, and the Development of Individual Differences in Attention; The Organization of the Development of Attention in Typical and Atypical Processing; and The Case of Orienting Attention in Developing an Integrated Science. Discussion topics include cognitive bias modification, attention and the development of anxiety disorders, deficient anchoring, reflexive and abnormal social orienting in autism, and social attention. This volume is a unique and critical resource for researchers in communication disorders, developmental and cognitive psychology, human development, neuroscience, and educational and counseling psychology.
Handbook Of Mental Retardation And Development
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Author : Jacob A. Burack
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1998-02-28
Handbook Of Mental Retardation And Development written by Jacob A. Burack and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998-02-28 with Psychology categories.
This book reviews theoretical and empirical work in the developmental approach to mental retardation. Armed with methods derived from the study of typically developing children, developmentalists have recently learned about the mentally retarded child's own development in a variety of areas. These areas now encompass many aspects of cognition, language, social and adaptive functioning, as well as of maladaptive behavior and psychopathology. In addition to a focus on individuals with mental retardation themselves, familial and other "ecological" factors have influenced developmental approaches to mental retardation. Comprised of twenty-seven chapters on various aspects of development, this handbook provides a timely, comprehensive guide to understanding mental retardation and development.
Cognitive Science Development And Psychopathology
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Author : Jacob A. Burack
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2012-09-06
Cognitive Science Development And Psychopathology written by Jacob A. Burack and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-09-06 with Medical categories.
In mainstream economics, and particularly in New Keynesian macroeconomics, the booms and busts that characterize capitalism arise because of large external shocks. The combination of these shocks and the slow adjustments of wages and prices by rational agents leads to cyclical movements.
Eye Movement Research
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Author : Christoph Klein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2019-10-16
Eye Movement Research written by Christoph Klein and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-10-16 with Psychology categories.
This edited volume presents fundamentals as well as applications of oculomotor methods in industrial and clinical settings. The topical spectrum covers 1.) basics and background material, 2.) methods such as recording techniques, markov models, Lévy flights, pupillometry and many more, as well as 3.) a broad range of applications in clinical and industrial settings. The target audience primarily comprises research experts and practitioners, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.
Gaze Following
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Author : Ross Flom
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2017-09-25
Gaze Following written by Ross Flom and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-09-25 with Psychology categories.
What does a child’s ability to look where another is looking tell us about his or her early cognitive development? What does this ability—or lack thereof—tell us about a child’s language development, understanding of other’s intentions, and the emergence of autism? This volume assembles several years of research on the processing of gaze information and its relationship to early social-cognitive development in infants spanning many age groups. Gaze-Following examines how humans and non-human primates use another individual’s direction of gaze to learn about the world around them. The chapters throughout this volume address development in areas including joint attention, early non-verbal social interactions, language development, and theory of mind understanding. Offering novel insights regarding the significance of gaze-following, the editors present research from a neurological and a behavioral perspective, and compare children with and without pervasive developmental disorders. Scholars in the areas of cognitive development specifically, and developmental science more broadly, as well as clinical psychologists will be interested in the intriguing research presented in this volume.
