The Upper Arctic Ocean Variability At A Time Of Rapid Arctic Climate Change
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The Upper Arctic Ocean Variability At A Time Of Rapid Arctic Climate Change
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Author : Pascaline Bourgain
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
The Upper Arctic Ocean Variability At A Time Of Rapid Arctic Climate Change written by Pascaline Bourgain and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
The Arctic climate underwent strong modifications over the past decades. Thanks to a data base gathering more than 18000 observations collected in the entire deep basin of the Arctic Ocean since 1997, we focused on the interannual variability of the upper ocean. The subsurface Summer Pacific Water warmed up since the late 1990s. Notably, a particularly warm flux entered the Arctic Ocean in 2004 was documented all along its propagation in the Canadian basin. These analyses suggest a possible influence of the subsurface waters on the sea ice evolution in the Arctic region. At depth, observations confirm the propagation of warm Atlantic water pulses, in particular a warm anomaly of 0.8°C detected for the first time in 2004 West of Svalbard. Nevertheless, we did not find evidence for any gradual warming trend of this water mass. The double diffusion process seems to be a widespread phenomenon in the entire deep basin. The vertical heat fluxes transmitted through the interfaces between two mixed layers increased since the 1980s, notably because of the "supersteps" appearance, characterized by a strong temperature increase at the interface. Above the thermocline, the halocline remained relatively robust over the past decade. Its stratification intensified in 2007-2008 in the Canadian basin due to a freshwater content increase probably in response to the atmospheric forcing. As a consequence, the warm Atlantic waters remained insulated from the surface waters and did not contribute to the changes observed at the surface over this period.
The Arctic In The Anthropocene
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2014-07-31
The Arctic In The Anthropocene written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-31 with Science categories.
Once ice-bound, difficult to access, and largely ignored by the rest of the world, the Arctic is now front and center in the midst of many important questions facing the world today. Our daily weather, what we eat, and coastal flooding are all interconnected with the future of the Arctic. The year 2012 was an astounding year for Arctic change. The summer sea ice volume smashed previous records, losing approximately 75 percent of its value since 1980 and half of its areal coverage. Multiple records were also broken when 97 percent of Greenland's surface experienced melt conditions in 2012, the largest melt extent in the satellite era. Receding ice caps in Arctic Canada are now exposing land surfaces that have been continuously ice covered for more than 40,000 years. What happens in the Arctic has far-reaching implications around the world. Loss of snow and ice exacerbates climate change and is the largest contributor to expected global sea level rise during the next century. Ten percent of the world's fish catches comes from Arctic and sub-Arctic waters. The U.S. Geological Survey estimated that up to 13 percent of the world's remaining oil reserves are in the Arctic. The geologic history of the Arctic may hold vital clues about massive volcanic eruptions and the consequent release of massive amount of coal fly ash that is thought to have caused mass extinctions in the distant past. How will these changes affect the rest of Earth? What research should we invest in to best understand this previously hidden land, manage impacts of change on Arctic communities, and cooperate with researchers from other nations? The Arctic in the Anthropocene reviews research questions previously identified by Arctic researchers, and then highlights the new questions that have emerged in the wake of and expectation of further rapid Arctic change, as well as new capabilities to address them. This report is meant to guide future directions in U.S. Arctic research so that research is targeted on critical scientific and societal questions and conducted as effectively as possible. The Arctic in the Anthropocene identifies both a disciplinary and a cross-cutting research strategy for the next 10 to 20 years, and evaluates infrastructure needs and collaboration opportunities. The climate, biology, and society in the Arctic are changing in rapid, complex, and interactive ways. Understanding the Arctic system has never been more critical; thus, Arctic research has never been more important. This report will be a resource for institutions, funders, policy makers, and students. Written in an engaging style, The Arctic in the Anthropocene paints a picture of one of the last unknown places on this planet, and communicates the excitement and importance of the discoveries and challenges that lie ahead.
Arctic And Antarctic Sea Ice 1978 1987
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Author : Per Gloersen
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Arctic And Antarctic Sea Ice 1978 1987 written by Per Gloersen and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with Microwave remote sensing categories.
Interacting Climates Of Ocean Basins
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Author : Carlos R. Mechoso
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2020-11-26
Interacting Climates Of Ocean Basins written by Carlos R. Mechoso and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-26 with Science categories.
A comprehensive review of interactions between the climates of different ocean basins and their key contributions to global climate variability and change. Providing essential theory and discussing outstanding examples as well as impacts on monsoons, it a useful resource for graduate students and researchers in the atmospheric and ocean sciences.
Global Glacier Changes
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Author : Michael Zemp
language : en
Publisher: UNEP/Earthprint
Release Date : 2008
Global Glacier Changes written by Michael Zemp and has been published by UNEP/Earthprint this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with Science categories.
This publication is about the world's surface ice on land outside the two polar ice sheets. It provides a sound and well illustrated review on the basis of available data, the global distribution of glaciers and ice caps and their changes since maximum extents of the so-called Little ice Age. The work also presents the latest state of knowledge on glacier changes and discusses the challenges of the 21st century for the monitoring of glaciers and ice caps.
Arctic Climate Change
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Author : Peter Lemke
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-11-22
Arctic Climate Change written by Peter Lemke and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-22 with Science categories.
The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on earth. Over the next 100 years, climate change is expected to accelerate, contributing to major physical, ecological, social, and economic changes, many of which have already begun. Changes in arctic climate will also affect the rest of the world through increased global warming and rising sea levels. The volume addresses the following major topics: - Research results in observing aspects of the Arctic climate system and its processes across a range of time and space scales - Representation of cryospheric, atmospheric, and oceanic processes in models, including simulation of their interaction with coupled models - Our understanding of the role of the Arctic in the global climate system, its response to large-scale climate variations, and the processes involved.
Understanding Present And Past Arctic Environments
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Author : Neloy Khare
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2021-08-25
Understanding Present And Past Arctic Environments written by Neloy Khare and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-08-25 with Science categories.
Understanding Present and Past Arctic Environments: An Integrated Approach from Climate Change Perspectives provides a fully comprehensive overview of the past, present and future outlook for this incredibly diverse and important region. Through a series of contributed chapters, the book explores changes to this environment that are attributed to the effects of climate change. The book explores the current effects climate change has had on Arctic environments and ecosystems, our current understanding of the effects climate change is having, the effects climate change is having on the atmospheric and ocean processes in this region. The Arctic region is predicted to experience the earliest and most pronounced global warming response to human-induced climatic change, thus a better understanding is vital. Presents a thorough understanding of the Arctic, it's past, present and future Provides an integrated assessment of the Arctic climate system, recognizing that a true understanding of its functions lies in appreciating the interactions and linkages among its various components Brings together many of the world's leading Arctic researchers to describe this diverse environment and its ecology
The Arctic Climate System
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Author : Mark C. Serreze
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2005-10-13
The Arctic Climate System written by Mark C. Serreze and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-10-13 with Nature categories.
A comprehensive, up-to-date assessment of the Arctic climate system for researchers and advanced students.
Abrupt Impacts Of Climate Change
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2013-12-31
Abrupt Impacts Of Climate Change written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-12-31 with Science categories.
Climate is changing, forced out of the range of the past million years by levels of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases not seen in the Earth's atmosphere for a very, very long time. Lacking action by the world's nations, it is clear that the planet will be warmer, sea level will rise, and patterns of rainfall will change. But the future is also partly uncertain-there is considerable uncertainty about how we will arrive at that different climate. Will the changes be gradual, allowing natural systems and societal infrastructure to adjust in a timely fashion? Or will some of the changes be more abrupt, crossing some threshold or "tipping point" to change so fast that the time between when a problem is recognized and when action is required shrinks to the point where orderly adaptation is not possible? Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change is an updated look at the issue of abrupt climate change and its potential impacts. This study differs from previous treatments of abrupt changes by focusing on abrupt climate changes and also abrupt climate impacts that have the potential to severely affect the physical climate system, natural systems, or human systems, often affecting multiple interconnected areas of concern. The primary timescale of concern is years to decades. A key characteristic of these changes is that they can come faster than expected, planned, or budgeted for, forcing more reactive, rather than proactive, modes of behavior. Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change summarizes the state of our knowledge about potential abrupt changes and abrupt climate impacts and categorizes changes that are already occurring, have a high probability of occurrence, or are unlikely to occur. Because of the substantial risks to society and nature posed by abrupt changes, this report recommends the development of an Abrupt Change Early Warning System that would allow for the prediction and possible mitigation of such changes before their societal impacts are severe. Identifying key vulnerabilities can help guide efforts to increase resiliency and avoid large damages from abrupt change in the climate system, or in abrupt impacts of gradual changes in the climate system, and facilitate more informed decisions on the proper balance between mitigation and adaptation. Although there is still much to learn about abrupt climate change and abrupt climate impacts, to willfully ignore the threat of abrupt change could lead to more costs, loss of life, suffering, and environmental degradation. Abrupt Impacts of Climate Change makes the case that the time is here to be serious about the threat of tipping points so as to better anticipate and prepare ourselves for the inevitable surprises.
Arctic Subarctic Ocean Fluxes
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Author : Robert R. Dickson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-03-03
Arctic Subarctic Ocean Fluxes written by Robert R. Dickson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-03-03 with Science categories.
We are only now beginning to understand the climatic impact of the remarkable events that are now occurring in subarctic waters. Researchers, however, have yet to agree upon a predictive model that links change in our northern seas to climate. This volume brings together the body of evidence needed to develop climate models that quantify the ocean exchanges through subarctic seas, measure their variability, and gauge their impact on climate.