The Ups And Downs Of Affirmative Action Preferences
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The Ups And Downs Of Affirmative Action Preferences
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Author : M. Ali Raza
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 1999-11-30
The Ups And Downs Of Affirmative Action Preferences written by M. Ali Raza and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999-11-30 with Political Science categories.
In the context of the evolution of affirmative action at the national and state levels, this study offers an empirical account of the citizens' movement in California that successfully resulted in the passage of a constitutional amendment to abolish such preferences in public education, public employment, and public contracting. It describes how the concept of affirmative action was transmuted into quotas and set-asides even in those situations where there was no credible evidence of past discrimination. This process was aided by Presidential Executive Orders as well as by some Supreme Court decisions which, until the late 1980s, failed to provide clear parameters of compensatory versus preferential actions. The California movement arose to reassert the original vision of equality as contained in the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Raza, Anderson, and Custred, who have studied the historical development of the phenomenon and have witnessed its actual operation, lift the curtain of secrecy that surrounds such preferences. This book challenges the notion that affirmative action is a benign and temporary measure that simply provides a helping hand to those who are disadvantaged. There is ample evidence of the institutionalization of preferences that generally provide advantages to those who could otherwise compete on their own merits. Such unfair competitive advantages, provided by government agencies and public educational institutions have neither moral nor political majority support; however, they continue to exist through pressure of political interest groups, liberal political ideology, and entrenched bureaucrats who administer the system. Quite contrary to some people's thinking, the system of preferences may no longer be considered either permanent or necessary.
The Affirmative Action Puzzle
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Author : Melvin I. Urofsky
language : en
Publisher: Pantheon
Release Date : 2020-01-28
The Affirmative Action Puzzle written by Melvin I. Urofsky and has been published by Pantheon this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-01-28 with Political Science categories.
A rich, multifaceted history of affirmative action from the Civil Rights Act of 1866 through today’s tumultuous times From acclaimed legal historian, author of a biography of Louis Brandeis (“Remarkable” —Anthony Lewis, The New York Review of Books, “Definitive”—Jeffrey Rosen, The New Republic) and Dissent and the Supreme Court (“Riveting”—Dahlia Lithwick, The New York Times Book Review), a history of affirmative action from its beginning with the Civil Rights Act of 1866 to the first use of the term in 1935 with the enactment of the National Labor Relations Act (the Wagner Act) to 1961 and John F. Kennedy’s Executive Order 10925, mandating that federal contractors take “affirmative action” to ensure that there be no discrimination by “race, creed, color, or national origin” down to today’s American society. Melvin Urofsky explores affirmative action in relation to sex, gender, and education and shows that nearly every public university in the country has at one time or another instituted some form of affirmative action plan--some successful, others not. Urofsky traces the evolution of affirmative action through labor and the struggle for racial equality, writing of World War I and the exodus that began when some six million African Americans moved northward between 1910 and 1960, one of the greatest internal migrations in the country’s history. He describes how Harry Truman, after becoming president in 1945, fought for Roosevelt’s Fair Employment Practice Act and, surprising everyone, appointed a distinguished panel to serve as the President’s Commission on Civil Rights, as well as appointing the first black judge on a federal appeals court in 1948 and, by executive order later that year, ordering full racial integration in the armed forces. In this important, ambitious, far-reaching book, Urofsky writes about the affirmative action cases decided by the Supreme Court: cases that either upheld or struck down particular plans that affected both governmental and private entities. We come to fully understand the societal impact of affirmative action: how and why it has helped, and inflamed, people of all walks of life; how it has evolved; and how, and why, it is still needed.
Affirmative Action
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Author : A. M. Babkina
language : en
Publisher: Nova Publishers
Release Date : 2004
Affirmative Action written by A. M. Babkina and has been published by Nova Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Business & Economics categories.
This guide to the literature presents 451 descriptions of books, reports and articles dealing with all aspects of affirmative action including: Race relations; Economic aspects; Reverse discrimination; Preferences; Affirmative Action programs: Public opinion; Court decisions; Education and many more. Complete author and subject indexes are provided.
Mismatch
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Author : Richard Sander
language : en
Publisher: Hachette UK
Release Date : 2012-10-09
Mismatch written by Richard Sander and has been published by Hachette UK this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-09 with Law categories.
The debate over affirmative action has raged for over four decades, with little give on either side. Most agree that it began as noble effort to jump-start racial integration; many believe it devolved into a patently unfair system of quotas and concealment. Now, with the Supreme Court set to rule on a case that could sharply curtail the use of racial preferences in American universities, law professor Richard Sander and legal journalist Stuart Taylor offer a definitive account of what affirmative action has become, showing that while the objective is laudable, the effects have been anything but. Sander and Taylor have long admired affirmative action's original goals, but after many years of studying racial preferences, they have reached a controversial but undeniable conclusion: that preferences hurt underrepresented minorities far more than they help them. At the heart of affirmative action's failure is a simple phenomenon called mismatch. Using dramatic new data and numerous interviews with affected former students and university officials of color, the authors show how racial preferences often put students in competition with far better-prepared classmates, dooming many to fall so far behind that they can never catch up. Mismatch largely explains why, even though black applicants are more likely to enter college than whites with similar backgrounds, they are far less likely to finish; why there are so few black and Hispanic professionals with science and engineering degrees and doctorates; why black law graduates fail bar exams at four times the rate of whites; and why universities accept relatively affluent minorities over working class and poor people of all races. Sander and Taylor believe it is possible to achieve the goal of racial equality in higher education, but they argue that alternative policies -- such as full public disclosure of all preferential admission policies, a focused commitment to improving socioeconomic diversity on campuses, outreach to minority communities, and a renewed focus on K-12 schooling -- will go farther in achieving that goal than preferences, while also allowing applicants to make informed decisions. Bold, controversial, and deeply researched, Mismatch calls for a renewed examination of this most divisive of social programs -- and for reforms that will help realize the ultimate goal of racial equality.
Affirmative Action In Malaysia And South Africa
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Author : Hwok-Aun Lee
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2020-10-22
Affirmative Action In Malaysia And South Africa written by Hwok-Aun Lee and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-10-22 with Business & Economics categories.
Malaysia and South Africa implement the most extensive affirmative action programmes worldwide. This book explores why and how to effect preferential treatment which has been utilized in the pursuit of inter-ethnic parity, specifically in higher education, high-level occupations, enterprise development and wealth ownership. Through methodical and critical analyses of data on education, workforce and population, the book evaluates the primary objectives of increasing majority representation in education, employment, enterprise and ownership. The book also critically considers questions of the attainments and limitations of ethnic preferential treatment in reducing disparity, the challenges of developing capability and reducing dependency and the scope for policy reforms.
Naked Racial Preference
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Author : Carl Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Madison Books
Release Date : 1995-09-12
Naked Racial Preference written by Carl Cohen and has been published by Madison Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1995-09-12 with Social Science categories.
From landmark court cases on affirmative action to their consequences, a study on why such preferences are morally wrong, unlawful, and indefensible.
Affirmative Action
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Author : Tim J. Wise
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2012-11-12
Affirmative Action written by Tim J. Wise and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-11-12 with Education categories.
Affirmative Action examines the larger structure of institutional white privilege in education, and compares the magnitude of white racial preference with the policies typically envisioned when the term "racial preference" is used. In doing so, the book demonstrates that the American system of education is both a reflection of and a contributor to a structure of institutionalized racism and racial preference for the dominant majority.
Affirmative Action And Racial Preference
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Author : Carl Cohen
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2003
Affirmative Action And Racial Preference written by Carl Cohen and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Affirmative action programs categories.
Cohen and Sterba, two contemporary philosophers in sharp opposition, debate the value of affirmative action and racial preference. They defend thier views with analysis and commentay on landmark cases - including the decisions of the United States Supreme Court and the University of Michigan admissions cases, Gratz and Grutter.
Affirmative Action And Racial Preference
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Author : James P. Sterba
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2003
Affirmative Action And Racial Preference written by James P. Sterba and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with categories.
Preface One, Carl CohenPreface Two, James P. SterbaCasesSECTION ONE: WHY RACE PREFERENCE IS WRONG AND BAD, Carl Cohen Prologue: Wrongness and BadnessPART I: EQUALITY AND RACE PREFERENCE 1. Equality as a Moral Ideal2. Affirmative Action3. Race Preference: The Transformation of Affirmative ActionPART II: WHY RACE PREFERENCE IS WRONG 4. Race Preference Is Morally Wrong5. Race Preference Is Against the Law6. Race Preference Violates the ConstitutionPART III: WHY RACE PREFERENCE IS BAD 7. Race Preference Is Bad for the Minorities Preferred8. Race Preference Is Bad for the Universities that Give Preference9. Race Preference Is Bad for Society as a WholeEpilogue: The Future of Race PreferenceSECTION TWO: DEFENDING AFFIRMATIVE ACTION, DEFENDING PREFERENCES, James P. Sterba ...
Affirmative Action Preferences And The Equal Employment Opportunity Act Of 1995
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Author : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Affirmative Action Preferences And The Equal Employment Opportunity Act Of 1995 written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Labor and Human Resources and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Business & Economics categories.