The Use Of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Dce Mri To Study Tumour Angiogenesis In The Management Of Metastatic Cancer
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The Use Of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Dce Mri To Study Tumour Angiogenesis In The Management Of Metastatic Cancer
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Author : Bruno Morgan
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
The Use Of Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Dce Mri To Study Tumour Angiogenesis In The Management Of Metastatic Cancer written by Bruno Morgan and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with categories.
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Oncology
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Author : Alan Jackson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2005-11-02
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging In Oncology written by Alan Jackson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-11-02 with Medical categories.
Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI is now established as the methodology of choice for the assessment of tumor microcirculation in vivo. The method assists clinical practitioners in the management of patients with solid tumors and is finding prominence in the assessment of tumor treatments, including anti-angiogenics, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. Here, leading authorities discuss the principles of the methods, their practical implementation, and their application to specific tumor types. The text is an invaluable single-volume reference that covers all the latest developments in contrast-enhanced oncological MRI.
Multi Dimensional Quantitative Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Multitasking Technical Development And Applications
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Author : Nan Wang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Multi Dimensional Quantitative Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Using Multitasking Technical Development And Applications written by Nan Wang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI plays a central role in the diagnosis, characterization, and treatment monitoring of various diseases. It can provide essential functional information of the tissues, including the perfusion and permeability properties. Besides, the changes in functional properties is recognized to precede the morphological alterations, which can potentially provide an avenue for early diagnosis and treatment evaluation. However, current practice of DCE MRI continues to face demanding technical challenges. First, there is direct conflict in the requirements for adequate anatomical coverage and high spatial and temporal resolution for tissues characterization. Existing techniques usually compromise one or more aspects, leading to suboptimal protocol. Second, dynamic T1 mapping for the quantification of CA concentration is hard to realize. Approximation in this step can introduce error in the derivation of DCE parameters. Third, imaging of some organs, such as heart or abdominal organs, is subject to artifacts caused by physiological motion, which can significantly degrade image quality or increase the scan time. Forth, the growing concern towards Gd deposition within body parts makes it controversial to use contrast agent. The primary goal of the work in the dissertation is to address the aforementioned limitations by developing a novel quantitative DCE MRI technique using MR Multitasking framework to achieve: 1) motion-resolved imaging with free-breathing acquisition and bulk-motion correction, 2) high spatial-temporal resolution with 3D anatomical coverage for simultaneous perfusion and permeability quantification, 3) dynamic T1 mapping for accurate quantification of CA concentration and potentials for reducing GBCA dose. All the technical advancements aims to improve the detection, staging, characterization, and treatment monitoring for multiple organs and diseases. There are three specific aims to achieve the ultimate goal. First, the Multitasking DCE technique was developed and tested in the study of carotid atherosclerosis. It enables 3D coverage of entire carotid vasculature with high spatial resolution (0.7 mm isotropic), high temporal resolution (600 ms), and dynamic T1 mapping for direct quantification of CA concentration. Bulk motion detection and removal scheme were also implemented for the improvement of image quality. In vivo studies have shown that the proposed technique can achieve accurate T1 quantification and robustness to motion. The PK parameters were repeatable in vivo and showed significant difference between carotid atherosclerosis and normal carotid vessel wall. Second, 6-dimensional (6D) Multitasking DCE technique was developed for the characterization of PDAC. It achieves respiratory-motion-resolved, high-temporal-resolution T1 quantification of the entire abdomen in a 10-min free-breathing scan. Sixteen healthy volunteers and 14 patients with pathologically confirmed PDAC were recruited for the in vivo study. The results demonstrated that the quantitative PK parameters using Multitasking DCE were repeatable in vivo and showed significant differences between normal pancreas, tumor and non-tumoral regions in PDAC patients. In addition, 8 patients with confirmed CP were recruited. The PK parameters representing blood flow and vascular properties showed significant difference between normal pancreas, PDAC, and CP. Third, the Multitasking DCE technique using a low dose at 0.02 mmol/kg (LD-MT-DCE) was developed for breast imaging. It produced co-registered high-spatial-resolution (0.9 mm 0.9 mm 1.14 mm) dynamic T1 maps at 1.4-second temporal resolution with whole-breast coverage in the 10-min scan. The dose was chosen to be 0.02 mmol/kg, 20% of the standard dose, based on a numerical simulation conducted to evaluate the dose effect on the accuracy and precision of the PK parameters quantified using LD-MT-DCE. Twenty healthy volunteers and 7 patients with breast cancer were recruited for the in vivo study. The results demonstrated that LD-MT-DCE were repeatable, showed excellent image quality and equivalent diagnosis compared with standard-dose clinical DCE. The estimated PK parameters were capable of differentiating between normal breast tissue, and benign and malignant tumors.
Using Pattern Recognition Algorithms In Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Author : Dipal Patel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Using Pattern Recognition Algorithms In Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging written by Dipal Patel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.
"Soft-tissue sarcoma is a rare cancer that has high metastatic potential to the lung with poor prognosis at 3-year survival for patients that develop lung metastasis. As certain prognostic factors such as necrosis and poor perfusion due to abnormal blood supply may be targets for novel strategies, research in imaging techniques that can characterize the tumour microenvironment can allow for prediction of patient response to treatment. Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced (DCE) MRI is a functional imaging technique that can visualize perfusion in biological tissue by acquiring multiple images following the injection of a contrast agent through the cardiovascular system to analyze the contrast uptake within a given tissue. DCE-MRI has a complex 4-dimensional dataset consisting of thousands of pixels per image across multiple timepoints. DCE-MRI analysis tends to aim towards building semi-quantitative methods and model-based approaches to describe the kinetics of the contrast agent. However, the implementation of these techniques often requires a-priori information that puts constraints on the data. In this thesis, a data-driven technique to DCE-MRI analysis is proposed using non-negative matrix factorization (NMF), a dimensionality reduction technique that can isolate signal patterns in the data and provide visualization of the spatial distribution of these patterns. Using a DCE-MRI dataset consisting of sarcoma tumours over the course of radiotherapy, we show that the alternating non-negative least squares using block pivot principle (ANLS-BPP) NMF framework can find high and low signal enhancement curves in this data and generate weight maps for each perfusion curve that can be superimposed to visualize the heterogenous spatial distribution of high and low perfusion in these tumours. While these signal enhancement time-course patterns are consistent across patients and over the course of the radiotherapy, the weight maps across several timepoints carry the changes in perfusion distribution in response to radiotherapy over the course of treatment. However, these weight maps vary according to the random initialization of the NMF algorithm due to the non-uniqueness of the solutions to the algorithm as it tends to converge onto local minima. For this reason, we proposed a multi-NMF algorithm that performs an averaging of the weight maps produced by the algorithm using a distance minimization function with multiple tolerances to obtain the most representative weight map for each sarcoma tumour. This algorithm could reduce the variability in the weight maps produced by the NMF algorithm, thereby increasing the robustness of this technique to produce repeatable perfusion distributions in sarcoma tumours. These results have significant implications in the development of model-free approaches to DCE-MRI analysis as the ANLS-BPP NMF algorithm can find consistent signal enhancement patterns in the data and generate weight maps that can spatially visualize the perfusion distributions. Furthermore, the proposed multi-NMF algorithm can, in principle, be applied to any NMF algorithm to reduce the variability of the perfusion maps. Future work aims to test the ANLS-BPP algorithm on different types of solid tumours and investigate the ability for the proposed multi-NMF algorithm to improve the variation issues on other frameworks of the NMF algorithm"--
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fluorescence Microscopy Of Tumor Microvascular Permeability
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Author : Dominique Louise Jennings
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Fluorescence Microscopy Of Tumor Microvascular Permeability written by Dominique Louise Jennings and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Microvascular permeability is a pharmacologic indicator of tumor response to therapy, and it is expected that this biomarker will evolve into a clinical surrogate endpoint and be integrated into protocols for determining patient response to antiangiogenic or antivascular therapies. The goal of this research is to develop a method by which microvascular permeability (Ktrans) and vascular volume (vp) as measured by DCE-MRI were directly compared to the same parameters measured by intravital fluorescence microscopy in an MRI-compatible window chamber model. Dynamic contrast enhanced-MRI (DCE-MRI) is a non-invasive, clinically useful imaging approach that has been used extensively to measure active changes in tumor microvascular hemodynamics. However, uncertainties exist in DCE-MRI as it does not interrogate the contrast reagent (CR) itself, but the effect of the CR on tissue water relaxivity. Thus, direct comparison of DCE-MRI with a more quantitative measure would help better define the derived parameters. The combined imaging system was able to obtain both dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI data high spatio-termporal resolution fluorescence data following injection of fluorescent and gadolinium co-labeled albumin. This approach allowed for the cross-validation of vascular permeability data, in relation tumor growth, angiogenesis and response to therapy in both imaging systems.
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Mri Measures Of Tumor Physiology As Biomarkers Of Acute Therapeutic Responses In A Rat Model Of Cerebral Glioma
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Mri Measures Of Tumor Physiology As Biomarkers Of Acute Therapeutic Responses In A Rat Model Of Cerebral Glioma written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging categories.
This dissertation addresses the use of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) to track acute changes in tumor physiology, and to use those changes as biomarkers of treatment response. By this practice, a beneficial timing of combined therapies can be identified, leading to better treatment outcome and survival. In the course of this work, DCE-MRI was utilized to provide a novel noninvasive estimate of tumor interstitial fluid pressure (TIFP), and important biomarker for tumor aggressiveness and treatment response. the acute temporal changes in TIFP after therapies were explored in a series of test-retest experiments in two rat models of cerebral tumor using U251 and 9L cell lines, MRI studies were 24 hours apart, with vascular parameters measured in each session, with treatment intervention inserted between the two studies. Treatment interventions employed one high-dose radiotherapy (RT) or single-therapy antiangiogenic drugs, or a combination of drug+RT at selected times before the second MRI study. Following the second MRI study, an invasive TIFP measurement along the tumor diameter was performed by using the wick-in-needle (WIN) technique. In the first part of this dissertation, by using the invasive measure of TIFP, acute temporal changes hours after the delivery of number of treatments and their effects on the WIN-TIFP were explored. Compared to control, TIFP demonstrated significant acute changes that were characteristic of the therapeutic intervention employed. Each of the treatments affected TIFP differently and had a signature acute temporal profile. In the second part, by using the second DCE-MRI derived parameters, TIFP was estimated noninvasively in controls and treated groups in both U251 and 9L tumors, and validated with the WIN-TIFP. Significant positive correlations were found between WIN-TIFP and MRI-TIFP in both control and treated groups. These findings indicated that MRI-TIFP can be a valid noninvasive measure of TIFP, and a useful tool in assessing tumor response to therapy. In the third part, by using pre and post-treatment MRI studies, acute temporal changes in MRI-tracked tumor vascular parameters were monitored in the hours after the combined therapy of the antiangiogenic compound cilengitide and RT to detect treatment responses. The timing between cilengitide and RT was investigated in two groups: one associated with a sub-curative response (drug given 1 hr before RT), and one associated with a curative response (drug given 8 hr before RT). The temporal changes in vascular parameters in the 1 hr group resembled that of RT alone that was reported previously. In the 8 hr group, all vascular parameters showed an initial response at 2 to 4 hours post-RT, followed by an apparent lack of response at later time points. The 4 hours post-RT was the signature time point defining synergy of the combined treatment. The different vascular responses following the different delivery times of combined therapies would indicate timing has a crucial impact on treatment outcome and long term survival.
Pathology Of The Female Genital Tract
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Author : A. Blaustein
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Pathology Of The Female Genital Tract written by A. Blaustein and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Medical categories.
The response to the First Edition of this text confirmed our belief that there was a need for a book of this kind. The multi-authored approach has been retained, ensuring that authoritative, current information is incorporated into each chapter and that references are up-to-date. The section on diseases of the vagina has been enhanced by a greater emphasis on the clinical aspects. The chapter on DES induced lesions has been updated with the data of the DeSAD study and the section on adenocar cinoma of the cervix has been enlarged by the description of the undifferenti ated lesions including "glassy cell and signet cell" carcinoma. A departure from the traditional chapter approach has been made in the discussion of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in order to present a conceptual view of these diseases. A similar presentation of diseases of the myometrium has been made. The subjects of lymphomas and mesenchymal tumors of the ovary have been enlarged upon and presented in a separate chapter. Fine needle aspiration in the diagnosis of ovarian tumors and of non malignant disorders of the ovary has become an increasingly useful technique. Two new chapters have been added to cover this subject. Many of the changes made in the second edition were in response to reviewers of the First Edition. It is hoped that their constructive suggestions have been addressed. Ancel Blaustein, M.D.
Diseases Of The Chest Breast Heart And Vessels 2019 2022
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Author : Juerg Hodler
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2019-02-19
Diseases Of The Chest Breast Heart And Vessels 2019 2022 written by Juerg Hodler and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-02-19 with Medical categories.
This open access book focuses on diagnostic and interventional imaging of the chest, breast, heart, and vessels. It consists of a remarkable collection of contributions authored by internationally respected experts, featuring the most recent diagnostic developments and technological advances with a highly didactical approach. The chapters are disease-oriented and cover all the relevant imaging modalities, including standard radiography, CT, nuclear medicine with PET, ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as imaging-guided interventions. As such, it presents a comprehensive review of current knowledge on imaging of the heart and chest, as well as thoracic interventions and a selection of "hot topics". The book is intended for radiologists, however, it is also of interest to clinicians in oncology, cardiology, and pulmonology.
Metronomic Chemotherapy
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Author : Guido Bocci
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-09-04
Metronomic Chemotherapy written by Guido Bocci and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-04 with Medical categories.
This book analyzes all aspects of metronomic chemotherapy, a new approach involving low-dose, long-term, and frequently administered therapy that has preclinical and clinical activity in various tumors. After an opening section on the pharmacological bases of metronomic chemotherapy, including its antiangiogenic effects and impact on immunity, preclinical studies on various classes of drug are discussed. Clinical applications of metronomic chemotherapy in a wide variety of tumors are then addressed in detail, with description of the results of all published studies. The clinical pharmacology of metronomic chemotherapy is also considered in depth, encompassing pharmacokinetics, pharmacogenetics, pharmacoeconomics, and adverse drug reactions. The book closes by describing the role of this therapy in the veterinarian clinic.
Antiangiogenic Agents In Cancer Therapy
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Author : Beverly A. Teicher
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-01-08
Antiangiogenic Agents In Cancer Therapy written by Beverly A. Teicher and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-01-08 with Medical categories.
This volume represents a compendium of scientific findings and approaches to the study of angiogenesis in cancer. The second edition of Antiangiogenic Agents in Cancer Therapy is intended to give a current perspective on the state-of-the-art of angiogenensis and therapy directed at this process. Antiangiogenesis is a dynamic and evolving field in oncology. New therapeutic targets continue to emerge followed by the rapid development of new therapeutic agents to be investigated in clinical trials. Optimizing the therapeutic potential of antiangiogenic agents in combination with the other therapies in the armamentarium to fight cancer will be an on-going challenge.