Theoretical Chemistry And Physics Of Heavy And Superheavy Elements
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Theoretical Chemistry And Physics Of Heavy And Superheavy Elements
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Author : U. Kaldor
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-06-29
Theoretical Chemistry And Physics Of Heavy And Superheavy Elements written by U. Kaldor and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-29 with Science categories.
Quantum mechanics provides the fundamental theoretical apparatus for describing the structure and properties of atoms and molecules in terms of the behaviour of their fundamental components, electrons and nudeL For heavy atoms and molecules containing them, the electrons can move at speeds which represent a substantial fraction of the speed of light, and thus relativity must be taken into account. Relativistic quantum mechanics therefore provides the basic formalism for calculating the properties of heavy-atom systems. The purpose of this book is to provide a detailed description of the application of relativistic quantum mechanics to the many-body prob lem in the theoretical chemistry and physics of heavy and superheavy elements. Recent years have witnessed a continued and growing interest in relativistic quantum chemical methods and the associated computa tional algorithms which facilitate their application. This interest is fu elled by the need to develop robust, yet efficient theoretical approaches, together with efficient algorithms, which can be applied to atoms in the lower part of the Periodic Table and, more particularly, molecules and molecular entities containing such atoms. Such relativistic theories and computational algorithms are an essential ingredient for the description of heavy element chemistry, becoming even more important in the case of superheavy elements. They are destined to become an indispensable tool in the quantum chemist's armoury. Indeed, since relativity influences the structure of every atom in the Periodic Table, relativistic molecular structure methods may replace in many applications the non-relativistic techniques widely used in contemporary research.
The Chemistry Of Superheavy Elements
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Author : Matthias Schädel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-30
The Chemistry Of Superheavy Elements written by Matthias Schädel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-30 with Science categories.
The second edition of "The Chemistry of the Superheavy Elements" provides a complete coverage of the chemistry of a series of elements beginning with atomic number 104 – the transactinides or superheavy elements – including their nuclear properties and production in nuclear reactions at heavy-ion accelerators. The contributors to this work include many renowned scientists who, during the last decades, have made vast contributions towards understanding the physics and chemistry of these elusive elements, both experimentally and theoretically. The main emphasis here is on demonstrating the fascinating studies involved in probing the architecture of the Periodic Table at its uppermost end, where relativistic effects drastically influence chemical properties. All known chemical properties of these elements are described together with the experimental techniques applied to study these short-lived man-made elements one atom-at-a-time. The status of theoretical chemistry and of empirical models is presented as well as aspects of nuclear physics. In addition, one chapter outlines the meanderings in this field from a historical perspective and the search for superheavy elements in Nature.
Relativistic Effects In Heavy Element Chemistry And Physics
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Author : Bernd A. Hess
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2003-01-06
Relativistic Effects In Heavy Element Chemistry And Physics written by Bernd A. Hess and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-01-06 with Science categories.
Heavy atoms and their compounds are important in many areas of modern technology. Their versatility in the reactions they undergo is the reason that they can be found in most homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts. Their magnetism is the decisive property that qualifies them as materials for modern storage devices. The phenomena observed in compounds of heavy atoms such as phosphorescence, magnetism or the tendency for high valency in chemical reactions can to a large extent be traced back to relativistic effects in their electronic structure. Thus, in many respects relativistic effects dominate the physics and chemistry of heavy atoms and their compounds. Chemists are usually aware of these phenomena. However, the theory behind them is not part of the standard chemistry curriculum and thus not widely known among experimentalists. Whilst the relativistic quantum theory of electronic structure is well established in physics, applications of the theory to chemical systems and materials have been feasible only in the last decade and their practical applications in connection with chemical experiment is somewhat out of sight of modern theoretical physics. Relativistic Effects in Heavy Element Chemistry and Physics intends to bridge the gap between chemistry and physics on the one hand and theory and experiment on the other. Topics covered include: - A broad range from quantum electrodynamics to the phenomenology of the compounds of heavy and superheavy elements; - A state-of-the-art survey of the most important theoretical developments and applications in the field of relativistic effects in heavy-element chemistry and physics in the last decade; - Special emphasis on the work of researchers in Europe and Germany in the framework of research programmes of the European Science Foundation and the German Science Foundation.
Relativistic Electronic Structure Theory
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2004-03-05
Relativistic Electronic Structure Theory written by and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-03-05 with Science categories.
The field of relativistic electronic structure theory is generally not part of theoretical chemistry education, and is therefore not covered in most quantum chemistry textbooks. This is due to the fact that only in the last two decades have we learned about the importance of relativistic effects in the chemistry of heavy and superheavy elements. Developments in computer hardware together with sophisticated computer algorithms make it now possible to perform four-component relativistic calculations for larger molecules. Two-component and scalar all-electron relativistic schemes are also becoming part of standard ab-initio and density functional program packages for molecules and the solid state. The second volume of this two-part book series is therefore devoted to applications in this area of quantum chemistry and physics of atoms, molecules and the solid state. Part 1 was devoted to fundamental aspects of relativistic electronic structure theory whereas Part 2 covers more of the applications side. This volume opens with a section on the Chemistry of the Superheavy Elements and contains chapters dealing with Accurate Relativistic Fock-Space Calculations for Many-Electron Atoms, Accurate Relativistic Calculations Including QED, Parity-Violation Effects in Molecules, Accurate Determination of Electric Field Gradients for Heavy Atoms and Molecules, Two-Component Relativistic Effective Core Potential Calculations for Molecules, Relativistic Ab-Initio Model Potential Calculations for Molecules and Embedded Clusters, Relativistic Pseudopotential Calculations for Electronic Excited States, Relativistic Effects on NMR Chemical Shifts, Relativistic Density Functional Calculations on Small Molecules, Quantum Chemistry with the Douglas-Kroll-Hess Approach to Relativistic Density Functional Theory, and Relativistic Solid State Calculations. - Comprehensive publication which focuses on new developments in relativistic quantum electronic structure theory- Many leaders from the field of theoretical chemistry have contributed to the TCC series- Will no doubt become a standard text for scientists in this field.
The Chemistry And Physics Of Heavy And Superheavy Elements
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Author : Matthias Lein
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005-01-01
The Chemistry And Physics Of Heavy And Superheavy Elements written by Matthias Lein and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-01 with Heavy elements categories.
Chemistry And Physics Of Heavy And Superheavy Elements
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016
Chemistry And Physics Of Heavy And Superheavy Elements written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.
Superheavy Elements
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Author : Krishna Kumar
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 1989
Superheavy Elements written by Krishna Kumar and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1989 with Superheavy elements categories.
Provides a review of the experimental & theoretical investigations of superheavy elements, especially their nuclear aspects. Also presents many new theoretical aspects & predictions of the Dynamic Deformation Model, developed by the author. Specific heavy-ion fusion experiments, which may lead to the discovery of superheavy elements, are suggested.
Relativistic Methods For Chemists
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Author : Maria Barysz
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-04-15
Relativistic Methods For Chemists written by Maria Barysz and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-04-15 with Science categories.
“Relativistic Methods for Chemists”, written by a highly qualified team of authors, is targeted at both experimentalists and theoreticians interested in the area of relativistic effects in atomic and molecular systems and processes and in their consequences for the interpretation of the heavy element’s chemistry. The theoretical part of the book focuses on the relativistic methods for molecular calculations discussing relativistic two-component theory, density functional theory, pseudopotentials and correlations. The experimentally oriented chapters describe the use of relativistic methods in different applications focusing on the design of new materials based on heavy element compounds, the role of the spin-orbit coupling in photochemistry and photobiology, and chirality and its relations to relativistic description of matter and radiation. This book is written at an intermediate level in order to appeal to a broader audience than just experts working in the field of relativistic theory.
The Chemistry Of Superheavy Elements
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Author : Matthias Schädel
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2003-04-30
The Chemistry Of Superheavy Elements written by Matthias Schädel and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003-04-30 with Science categories.
This book is the first to treat the chemistry of superheavy elements, including important related nuclear aspects, as a self contained topic. It is written for those – students and novices -- who begin to work and those who are working in this fascinating and challenging field of the heaviest and superheavy elements, for their lecturers, their advisers and for the practicing scientists in the field – chemists and physicists - as the most complete source of reference about our today's knowledge of the chemistry of transactinides and superheavy elements. However, besides a number of very detailed discussions for the experts this book shall also provide interesting and easy to read material for teachers who are interested in this subject, for those chemists and physicists who are not experts in the field and for our interested fellow scientists in adjacent fields. Special emphasis is laid on an extensive coverage of the original literature in the reference part of each of the eight chapters to facilitate further and deeper studies of specific aspects. The index for each chapter should provide help to easily find a desired topic and to use this book as a convenient source to get fast access to a desired topic. Superheavy elements – chemical elements which are much heavier than those which we know of from our daily life – are a persistent dream in human minds and the kernel of science fiction literature for about a century.
From Transuranic To Superheavy Elements
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Author : Helge Kragh
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-02-12
From Transuranic To Superheavy Elements written by Helge Kragh and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-02-12 with Science categories.
The story of superheavy elements - those at the very end of the periodic table - is not well known outside the community of heavy-ion physicists and nuclear chemists. But it is a most interesting story which deserves to be known also to historians, philosophers, and sociologists of science and indeed to the general public. This is what the present work aims at. It tells the story or rather parts of the story, of how physicists and chemists created elements heavier than uranium or searched for them in nature. And it does so with an emphasis on the frequent discovery and naming disputes concerning the synthesis of very heavy elements. Moreover, it calls attention to the criteria which scientists have adopted for what it means to have discovered a new element. In this branch of modern science it may be more appropriate to speak of creation instead of discovery. The work will be of interest to scientists as well as to scholars studying modern science from a meta-perspective.