Theoretical Studies On Specific Ion Effects

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Theoretical Studies On Specific Ion Effects

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Author : Christof Martin Jäger
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010

Theoretical Studies On Specific Ion Effects written by Christof Martin Jäger and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with categories.

Specific Ion Effects

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Author : Werner Kunz
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2010

Specific Ion Effects written by Werner Kunz and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Medical categories.

Specific ion effects are important in numerous fields of science and technology. This book summarizes the main ideas that came up over the years. It presents the efforts of theoreticians and supports it by the experimental results stemming from various techniques.

Specific Ion Effects

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Author : Werner Kunz
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2010

Specific Ion Effects written by Werner Kunz and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Science categories.

Specific ion effects are important in numerous fields of science and technology. They have been discussed for over 100 years, ever since the pioneering work done by Franz Hofmeister and his group in Prague. Over the last decades, hundreds of examples have been published and periodically explanations have been proposed. However, it is only recently that a profound understanding of the basic effects and their reasons could be achieved. Today, we are not far from a general explanation of specific ion effects. This book summarizes the main new ideas that have come up in the last ten years. In this book, the efforts of theoreticians are substantially supported by the experimental results stemming from new and exciting techniques. Both the new theoretical concepts and the experimental landmarks are collected and critically discussed by eminent scientists and well-known specialists in this field. Beyond the rigorous explanations, guidelines are given to non-specialists in order to help them understand the general rules governing specific ion effects in chemistry, biology, physics and engineering.

Ion Specificity At The Polypeptide Backbone Molecular Mechanisms Of The Hofmeister Effect

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Author : Kelvin Rembert
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014

Ion Specificity At The Polypeptide Backbone Molecular Mechanisms Of The Hofmeister Effect written by Kelvin Rembert and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.

The behavior of biomolecules in aqueous solutions is ion specific and follows the Hofmeister series. Discovered in 1888, the Hofmeister series is a recurring trend that originally ranked cations and anions by their ability to precipitate proteins from aqueous salt solutions. Over the course of the 21st century however, the Hofmeister effect was found to extend well beyond protein precipitation studies and occurs in myriad bio-chemical and physico-chemical systems. Today, the field remains an active area of research and has gained the attention of many researchers due to the elusiveness in developing a theoretical framework for predicting ion specific effects in water. Only recently has a unified molecular picture began to emerge. Moreover, utilizing the proper techniques and model systems is key. In this dissertation, we have employed model protein backbones in a set of salt solution studies using NMR, FTIR and thermodynamic phase transition measurements to elucidate both the molecular level and macroscopic details of the Hofmeister effect.First, we investigate the interactions of Hofmeister anions with a thermoresponsive polymer, poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEA). This amide based polymer lacks an NH moiety in its chemical structure and serves as a model to directly test if anions can bind to amide moieties in the absence of an NH site. The lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PDEA was measured as a function of concentration for eleven sodium salts in aqueous solutions and followed a direct Hofmeister series for the ability of anions to precipitate the polymer. More strongly hydrated anions (CO32-, SO42-, S2O32, H2PO4-, F-, Cl-) linearly decreased the LCST of the polymer with increasing salt concentration. Weakly hydrated anions (SCN-, ClO4-, I-, NO3-, Br-) increased the LCST at lower salt concentrations and salted the polymer into solution, but salted the polymer out at higher salt concentrations. Proton NMR was used to probe the mechanism of the salting-in effect and showed apparent binding between weakly hydrated anions (SCN- and I-) and the [alpha]-protons of the polymer backbone. Additional experiments performed by FTIR found little change in the amide I band, which is consistent with limited, if any, interactions between the salt ions and the carbonyl moiety of the amide. These results support a molecular mechanism for ion-specific effects on proteins and model amides that does not specifically require an NH group to interact with the anions for salting-in to occur.Next, the binding sites of a 600 residue protein polymer, (VPGVG)120, were elucidated using a combination of NMR and LCST measurements. It was found that the salting-in effect of large soft anions such as SCN- and I- is due to direct interactions at glycine residues within the polypeptide backbone via a hybrid binding site that consists of the amide dipole and the adjacent [alpha]-carbon. The hydrocarbon groups at these sites bear a slight positive charge, which enhances anion binding without disrupting specific hydrogen bonds to water molecules. The hydrophobic side chains do not contribute significantly to anion binding or the corresponding salting-in behavior of the biopolymer. Cl- binds far more weakly to the amide dipole/[alpha]-carbon binding site, while SO42- is repelled from both the backbone and hydrophobic side chains of the polypeptide. The Na+ counterions are also repelled from the polypeptide. The identification of these molecular-level binding sites provides new insight into the mechanisms of peptide-ion interactions. Moreover, the location of the amide, whether in a protein backbone or on a polymer side chain, has no appreciable influence on the ability of weakly hydrated anions to bind. To further explore the glycine residue binding site interaction with anions, we employed triglycine (GGG) along with two variants of the peptide as model systems. These small peptides allowed for the investigation of the influence of size on ion binding as well as the effect of electrostatic interactions of ions with charged termini. We demonstrated by means of NMR and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy that the Hofmeister series for anions changes from a direct to a reversed series upon uncapping the N-terminus of the peptide. Weakly hydrated anions, such as I- and SCN-, interact with the amide backbone, while strongly hydrated anions like SO42- are repelled from it. In contrast, a reversed order of ion interactions was observed at the positively charged, uncapped N-terminus. This by analogy should also be the case at side chains of positively charged amino acids such as lysine and arginine. Overall, the small GGG peptides displayed over an order of magnitude weaker binding compared to the large ELPs mentioned above. These results demonstrate that the specific chemical and physical properties of peptides and proteins play a fundamental role in ion specific effects and provides a route for exploiting these interactions by tuning protein size and the number of basic amino acid residues on the surface.

Specific Ion Effects On The Interaction Of Organic And Inorganic Surfaces

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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019

Specific Ion Effects On The Interaction Of Organic And Inorganic Surfaces written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.

Theoretical And Experimental Studies Of Coulombic Effects Of Salts On Dna Processes

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Author : Haihong Ni
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999

Theoretical And Experimental Studies Of Coulombic Effects Of Salts On Dna Processes written by Haihong Ni and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.

Experimental And Theoretical Studies Of Pressure Effects In Biochemical Systems

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Author : Eddie Morild
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980

Experimental And Theoretical Studies Of Pressure Effects In Biochemical Systems written by Eddie Morild and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Biochemistry categories.

Ions In Solution And Their Solvation

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Author : Yizhak Marcus
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-08-03

Ions In Solution And Their Solvation written by Yizhak Marcus and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-08-03 with Science categories.

The book starts with an exposition of the relevant properties of ions and continues with a description of their solvation in the gas phase. The book contains a large amount of factual information in the form of extensive tables of critically examined data and illustrations of the points made throughout. It covers: the relevant properties of prospective liquid solvents for the ions the process of the transfer of ions from the gas phase into a liquid where they are solvated various aspects of the solutions of the ions, such as structural and transport ones and the effects of the ions on the solvent dynamics and structure what happens in cases where the solvent is a mixture selective solvation takes place applications of the concepts expounded previously in fields such as electrochemistry, hydrometallurgy, separation chemistry, biophysics, and synthetic methods

Theoretical Investigations Of The Role Of Ion Ion Correlations And Ion Specific Interactions In Electric Double Layers

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Author : Erik Wernersson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2009

Theoretical Investigations Of The Role Of Ion Ion Correlations And Ion Specific Interactions In Electric Double Layers written by Erik Wernersson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with categories.

Electrolytes Advances In Research And Application 2012 Edition

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Author :
language : en
Publisher: ScholarlyEditions
Release Date : 2012-12-26

Electrolytes Advances In Research And Application 2012 Edition written by and has been published by ScholarlyEditions this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-26 with Science categories.

Electrolytes—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition is a ScholarlyEditions™ eBook that delivers timely, authoritative, and comprehensive information about Electrolytes. The editors have built Electrolytes—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition on the vast information databases of ScholarlyNews.™ You can expect the information about Electrolytes in this eBook to be deeper than what you can access anywhere else, as well as consistently reliable, authoritative, informed, and relevant. The content of Electrolytes—Advances in Research and Application: 2012 Edition has been produced by the world’s leading scientists, engineers, analysts, research institutions, and companies. All of the content is from peer-reviewed sources, and all of it is written, assembled, and edited by the editors at ScholarlyEditions™ and available exclusively from us. You now have a source you can cite with authority, confidence, and credibility. More information is available at http://www.ScholarlyEditions.com/.