Therapeutic Relevance And Mechanisms Of Neuro Immune Communication In Brain Injury
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Therapeutic Relevance And Mechanisms Of Neuro Immune Communication In Brain Injury
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Author : Zhang Pengyue
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-08-25
Therapeutic Relevance And Mechanisms Of Neuro Immune Communication In Brain Injury written by Zhang Pengyue and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-25 with Science categories.
The brain is a critical organ with neuro-immune communication. The nervous system and immune system evolved to provide regulation of physiological homeostasis and protect against threats. Neuro-immune communication is correlated with physiological functions of various tissues and organs, and the internal environment balance. In brain trauma, the neural network is destroyed and the neuro-immune communication process is impaired. However, the research on this process is insufficient and limited. A thorough clarification of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuro-immune communication in brain injury is an essential necessary endeavor in the search for new therapeutic targets for brain injury. This Research Topic is devoted to the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuro-immune communication in brain injury and on the meaningful exploration of how the nervous system regulates the immune system to promote neurofunctional recovery after brain injury.
Mechanisms Of Neuroinflammation And Inflammatory Neurodegeneration In Acute Brain Injury
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Author : Arthur Liesz
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2015-11-13
Mechanisms Of Neuroinflammation And Inflammatory Neurodegeneration In Acute Brain Injury written by Arthur Liesz and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-13 with Electronic book categories.
Mechanisms of brain-immune interactions became a cutting-edge topic in systemic neurosciences over the past years. Acute lesions of the brain parenchyma, particularly, induce a profound and highly complex neuroinflammatory reaction with similar mechanistic properties between differing disease paradigms like ischemic stroke, intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Resident microglial cells sense tissue damage and initiate inflammation, activation of the endothelial brain-immune interface promotes recruitment of systemic immune cells to the brain and systemic humoral immune mediators (e.g. complements and cytokines) enter the brain through the damaged blood-brain barrier. These cellular and humoral constituents of the neuroinflammatory reaction to brain injury contribute substantially to secondary brain damage and neurodegeneration. Diverse inflammatory cascades such as pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion of invading leukocytes and direct cell-cell-contact cytotoxicity between lymphocytes and neurons have been demonstrated to mediate the inflammatory ‘collateral damage’ in models of acute brain injury. Besides mediating neuronal cell loss and degeneration, secondary inflammatory mechanisms also contribute to functional modulation of neurons and the impact of post-lesional neuroinflammation can even be detected on the behavioral level. The contribution of several specific immune cell subpopulations to the complex orchestration of secondary neuroinflammation has been revealed just recently. However, the differential vulnerability of specific neuronal cell types and the molecular mechanisms of inflammatory neurodegeneration are still elusive. Furthermore, we are only on the verge of characterizing the control of long-term recovery and neuronal plasticity after brain damage by inflammatory pathways. Yet, a more detailed but also comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted interaction of these two supersystems is of direct translational relevance. Immunotherapeutic strategies currently shift to the center of translational research in acute CNS lesion since all clinical trials investigating direct neuroprotective therapies failed. To advance our knowledge on brain-immune communications after brain damage an interdisciplinary approach covered by cellular neuroscience as well as neuroimmunology, brain imaging and behavioral sciences is crucial to thoroughly depict the intricate mechanisms.
Immunological Mechanisms And Therapies In Brain Injuries And Stroke
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Author : Jun Chen
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-09
Immunological Mechanisms And Therapies In Brain Injuries And Stroke written by Jun Chen and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-09 with Medical categories.
Recent research has revealed the importance of immunological mechanisms and inflammation in delaying damage and/or promoting repair after an acute injury to the central nervous system. This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date overview of the role of immunological mechanisms and therapies for treating acute neurological injuries such as cerebral ischemia, hemorrhage, and brain and spinal cord trauma. In several sections, the contributing authors provide a review of immunological mechanisms involved in neurological injury and of various translational and clinical research aimed at harnessing those mechanisms for better patient outcomes.
Translational Research In Traumatic Brain Injury
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Author : Daniel Laskowitz
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2015-12-01
Translational Research In Traumatic Brain Injury written by Daniel Laskowitz and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-01 with Medical categories.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains a significant source of death and permanent disability, contributing to nearly one-third of all injury related deaths in the United States and exacting a profound personal and economic toll. Despite the increased resources that have recently been brought to bear to improve our understanding of TBI, the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches has been disappointingly slow. Translational Research in Traumatic Brain Injury attempts to integrate expertise from across specialties to address knowledge gaps in the field of TBI. Its chapters cover a wide scope of TBI research in five broad areas: Epidemiology Pathophysiology Diagnosis Current treatment strategies and sequelae Future therapies Specific topics discussed include the societal impact of TBI in both the civilian and military populations, neurobiology and molecular mechanisms of axonal and neuronal injury, biomarkers of traumatic brain injury and their relationship to pathology, neuroplasticity after TBI, neuroprotective and neurorestorative therapy, advanced neuroimaging of mild TBI, neurocognitive and psychiatric symptoms following mild TBI, sports-related TBI, epilepsy and PTSD following TBI, and more. The book integrates the perspectives of experts across disciplines to assist in the translation of new ideas to clinical practice and ultimately to improve the care of the brain injured patient.
Brain Neurotrauma
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Author : Firas H. Kobeissy
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2015-02-25
Brain Neurotrauma written by Firas H. Kobeissy and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-25 with Science categories.
Every year, an estimated 1.7 million Americans sustain brain injury. Long-term disabilities impact nearly half of moderate brain injury survivors and nearly 50,000 of these cases result in death. Brain Neurotrauma: Molecular, Neuropsychological, and Rehabilitation Aspects provides a comprehensive and up-to-date account on the latest developments in the area of neurotrauma, including brain injury pathophysiology, biomarker research, experimental models of CNS injury, diagnostic methods, and neurotherapeutic interventions as well as neurorehabilitation strategies in the field of neurotraum research. The book includes several sections on neurotrauma mechanisms, biomarker discovery, neurocognitive/neurobehavioral deficits, and neurorehabilitation and treatment approaches. It also contains a section devoted to models of mild CNS injury, including blast and sport-related injuries. Over the last decade, the field of neurotrauma has witnessed significant advances, especially at the molecular, cellular, and behavioral levels. This progress is largely due to the introduction of novel techniques, as well as the development of new animal models of central nervous system (CNS) injury. This book, with its diverse coherent content, gives you insight into the diverse and heterogeneous aspects of CNS pathology and/or rehabilitation needs.
Interoception Contemplative Practice And Health
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Author : Norman Farb
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2017-02-07
Interoception Contemplative Practice And Health written by Norman Farb and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-02-07 with Electronic book categories.
There is an emergent movement of scientists and scholars working on somatic awareness, interoception and embodiment. This work cuts across studies of neurophysiology, somatic anthropology, contemplative practice, and mind-body medicine. Key questions include: How is body awareness cultivated? What role does interoception play for emotion and cognition in healthy adults and children as well as in different psychopathologies? What are the neurophysiological effects of this cultivation in practices such as Yoga, mindfulness meditation, Tai Chi and other embodied contemplative practices? What categories from other traditions might be useful as we explore embodiment? Does the cultivation of body awareness within contemplative practice offer a tool for coping with suffering from conditions, such as pain, addiction, and dysregulated emotion? This emergent field of research into somatic awareness and associated interoceptive processes, however, faces many obstacles. The principle obstacle lies in our 400-year Cartesian tradition that views sensory perception as epiphenomenal to cognition. The segregation of perception and cognition has enabled a broad program of cognitive science research, but may have also prevented researchers from developing paradigms for understanding how interoceptive awareness of sensations from inside the body influences cognition. The cognitive representation of interoceptive signals may play an active role in facilitating therapeutic transformation, e.g. by altering context in which cognitive appraisals of well-being occur. This topic has ramifications into disparate research fields: What is the role of interoceptive awareness in conscious presence? How do we distinguish between adaptive and maladaptive somatic awareness? How do we best measure somatic awareness? What are the consequences of dysregulated somatic/interoceptive awareness on cognition, emotion, and behavior? The complexity of these questions calls for the creative integration of perspectives and findings from related but often disparate research areas including clinical research, neuroscience, cognitive psychology, anthropology, religious/contemplative studies and philosophy.
Cytokines And Pain
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Author : Waldiceu A. Verri
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2021-12-28
Cytokines And Pain written by Waldiceu A. Verri and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-28 with Medical categories.
Brain Disorders In Critical Illness
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Author : Robert D. Stevens
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2013-09-19
Brain Disorders In Critical Illness written by Robert D. Stevens and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-09-19 with Medical categories.
Brain dysfunction is a major clinical problem in intensive care, with potentially debilitating long-term consequences for post-ICU patients of any age. The resulting extended length of stay in the ICU and post-discharge cognitive dysfunction are now recognized as major healthcare burdens. This comprehensive clinical text provides intensivists and neurologists with a practical review of the pathophysiology of brain dysfunction and a thorough account of the diagnostic and therapeutic options available. Initial sections review the epidemiology, outcomes, relevant behavioral neurology and biological mechanisms of brain dysfunction. Subsequent sections evaluate the available diagnostic options and preventative and therapeutic interventions, with a final section on clinical encephalopathy syndromes encountered in the ICU. Each chapter is rich in illustrations, with an executive summary and a helpful glossary of terms. Brain Disorders in Critical Illness is a seminal reference for all physicians and neuroscientists interested in the care and outcome of severely ill patients.
Ferroptosis In Stroke Neurotrauma And Neurodegeneration Volume Ii
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Author : Anwen Shao
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-07-31
Ferroptosis In Stroke Neurotrauma And Neurodegeneration Volume Ii written by Anwen Shao and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-07-31 with Science categories.
This Research Topic is part of the Ferroptosis in Stroke, Neurotrauma and Neurodegeneration series: Ferroptosis in Stroke, Neurotrauma and Neurodegeneration Ferroptosis is a recently defined iron-dependent non-apoptotic form of cell death. Diverse stressors can destabilize metabolic processes in the cell, leading to excessive intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species that culminate in the collapse and rupture of the membrane structure of cellular organelles, such as mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and lysosome. Ferroptosis is a form of cell death characterized by the accumulation of intracellular iron and lipid ROS. The primary morphologic manifestations of ferroptosis include cell volume shrinkage and increased mitochondrial membrane density. These are different from apoptotic types of cell death such as necroptosis (early destruction of membrane integrity, cell and organelle swelling, cytoplasmic granulation and chromatin fragmentation, and cellular lysis), and pyroptosis (necrosis-like cell-membrane pore formation and rupture, cellular swelling, pro-inflammatory intracellular content release, as well as apoptosis-like nuclear condensation and DNA fragmentation). Emerging evidence shows that ferroptosis has significant implications in neurological diseases such as stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Additionally, ferroptosis inhibition has been shown to protect neurons and ameliorate cognitive impairment in various disease animal models. To date, several ferroptosis inhibitors have been found. As Ferroptosis is characterized by the accumulation of intracellular iron and lipid ROS, these inhibitors are primarily categorized as either antioxidants or iron chelators. For example in hemorrhagic stroke, it was found that the neuronal death and iron deposition, induced by hemoglobin in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures and primary cortical neurons, can be attenuated by administration of ferrostatin-1, or other ferroptosis inhibitors. In this Research Topic researchers are welcome to submit original research and review articles. We are interested in all topics associated with ferroptosis and neurological diseases, from underlying mechanisms to clinical transformation including potential targeting and treatment and others. We also welcome original articles analyzing similarities and differences among ferroptosis and other kinds of cell death, such as apoptosis and pyroptosis, in neurological diseases and hope to find key insights for future drug-development.
Clinical Relevance Of The Immune To Brain And Brain To Immune Communications
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Author : Julie Lasselin
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-03-29
Clinical Relevance Of The Immune To Brain And Brain To Immune Communications written by Julie Lasselin and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-03-29 with categories.
Experimental and clinical evidence demonstrates an intense crosstalk among the nervous, endocrine and immune systems. The central nervous system (CNS) not only has the capacity to affect peripheral immune function, but is also able to sense and process signals from the peripheral immune system. The bi-directional interaction between the CNS and the peripheral immune system has gained great interest as it can help better understand disease pathophysiology as well as improving health and treatment outcomes in patients. On the one hand, inflammatory factors are known to affect CNS functions and to induce neuropsychiatric symptoms, making immune-to-brain communication highly relevant for psychiatric diseases and their treatments. On the other hand, analyzing pathways of brain-to-immune communication will help to understand the pathophysiology of chronic inflammatory disorders and will form the basis for optimizing treatment of these diseases.