Thermochemical Evaluation Of Advanced Gun Propellants
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Thermochemical Evaluation Of Advanced Gun Propellants
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Author : Bertram K. Moy
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1973
Thermochemical Evaluation Of Advanced Gun Propellants written by Bertram K. Moy and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1973 with categories.
A theoretical, thermochemical propellant-performance computer program has been used at the Air Force Armament Laboratory to evaluate potential ingredients for advanced gun propellants. The program provides a good first approximation to propellant parameters such as impetus, flame temperature, and gas molecular weight. The program was used to evaluate the thermodynamic properties of advanced propellants containing ingredients being considered for further development. Sixteen of these ingredients with different binders were investigated and theoretical computations obtained.
Theoretical Gun Propellant Thermochemical Evaluation
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1971
Theoretical Gun Propellant Thermochemical Evaluation written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1971 with categories.
A computer program is presented for the computation of chemical equilibrium reaction products associated with gun propellant combustion. The program as developed at the Air Force Armament Laboratory was based on a code used by the NASA Lewis Research Center. The program provides a first approximation of flame temperature, specific heat ratio, impetus, and mean molecular weight of the combustion products. A simplified users manual is presented for thermochemical programs and for the program to generate specific heat polynomials from JANAF tabular data.
Propellants And Explosives
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Author : Naminosuke Kubota
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2007-02-27
Propellants And Explosives written by Naminosuke Kubota and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-02-27 with Science categories.
This second edition of the classic on the thermochemistry of combustion now features five new chapters and updated coverage of significant recent developments in the field. Addressing both experimental as well as theoretical aspects, the book covers the thermochemical and combustion characteristics of all important types of energetic materials, such as explosives, propellants, and the new class of pyrolants, as well as related phenomena. It presents the fundamental bases of the energetics of materials, deflagration and detonation, thermochemical process of decomposition and combustion, plus combustion wave structures. The book also goes on to discuss the combustion mechanisms of various types of energetic materials, propellants, and explosives, based on the heat transfer process in the combustion waves. The burning rate models are also presented as an aid to understanding the rate-controlling steps of combustion processes, thus demonstrating the relationships of burning rate versus pressure and initial temperature. As a major topic new to this edition, new propulsion methods such as duct rockets, ramjets, pulse motors and thrusters are described in detail, while appendices on flow field dynamics and shock wave propagation have been added.
Thermochemical Evaluation Of Proposed Electrothermal Chemical Propellants
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1992
Thermochemical Evaluation Of Proposed Electrothermal Chemical Propellants written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1992 with categories.
Due to the addition of electrical energy, the customary thermodynamic method of screening candidate fuels needs to be modified for application to electrothermal -chemical (ETC) systems. Instead of computing the gravimetric impetus, it is mom useful to study the volumetric energy, which is defined as I*d/(gamma - 1) (I = impetus, d = density, and y the ratio of the specific heats at constant pressure and constant volume). While computing the gravimetric impetus or chemical energy is nowadays a straightforward matter, estimating densities is not. A rough estimate can be obtained by assuming that volumes are additive. In addition, for a given set of ingredients, the composition with the maximum chemical energy turns out to change mildly with the amount of added electricity. Also, the density itself changes with composition. A correct computation of the maximum energy must take both effects into account. In this report, thermochemical requirements for potential ETC propellants which are required to meet weapon performance levels am identified. In addition, a procedure to the performance potential of candidate ETC propellants is proposed. This procedure is then applied to several candidate propellants. Electrothermal- chemical, ETC, Working fluids, Propellants, Thermochemical, Impetus, thermodynamics.
Advanced Etc Gun Propellant
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Advanced Etc Gun Propellant written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with categories.
The program goal is to determine the applicability of novel energetic materials developed over the last few years, largely under funding by the Office of Naval Research, in electro-thermal chemical (plasma ignited) gun propellants. Particular interest lies in whether the new ingredients can achieve the desired ballistic response and energy goals for this system. A series of extensive thermochemical calculations on a wide range of potential formulations have been completed. A summary of the data generated has been prepared for distribution to an advisory team. Further activity has begun on procurement of critical materials that are essential for the additional tasks, including some initial formulation safety (compatibility) tests. The baseline study focused on sixteen different formulations, containing 24% binder as a representative level with a primary solid making up the bulk of the formulation. A secondary solid was added at five percentages: O,6,12,18, and 24 percent.
Development And Evaluation Of Advanced Solid Propellants
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Author : R. S. Karpiuk
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1966
Development And Evaluation Of Advanced Solid Propellants written by R. S. Karpiuk and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1966 with categories.
Intensive investigations were conducted on improving the thermal stability and crystallization of AlH3. Areas considered included the solubility in various solvents with and without addition agents, thermal seeding, growth processes, decomposition processes, aging, surface oxidation and treatment, and surveillance of both neat and formulated propellants at 25 and 40 C.A study of the kinetics of AlH3 and BeH3 using flash heating with UV spectroscopy showed the existence of AlH, BeH and BeH(+) at 2,500 K. The reaction of tris-I with nitroform gave a new liquid oxidizer or plasticizer. The heat of formation of Al(BH4)3, Hybaline A-4, C2F6 radical, INFO-635P, and BTU, high temperature enthalpies of allotropic forms of BeCl2, and the enthalpies and heat capacities of Al are reported. In the JANAF Tables, area, a summary of Series C and D of the Propellant Ingredients and 4 supplements of the Thermochemical Tables are given. The toxicological research was concentrated on Be-containing materials using controlled samples of the oxide, some hydrides, metal and firing residues. The animal response of the low-fired oxide is entirely different than the high-fired oxide and evidence of carcinogenic tumors was detected in the lung tissue of animals exposed to low-fired materials.
Chemistry Of High Energy Materials
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Author : Thomas M. Klapötke
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2012-05-29
Chemistry Of High Energy Materials written by Thomas M. Klapötke and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-05-29 with Science categories.
This graduate-level textbook in a new revised edition treats the basic chemistry of high energy materials - primary and secondary explosives, propellants, rocket fuel and pyrotechnics - and provides a review of new research developments. Applications in both military and civil fields are discussed. The book also offers new insights into "green" chemistry requirements and strategies for military applications. This work should be of interest to advanced students in chemistry, materials science and engineering, as well as all those working in defense technology.
A Review Of The Bulk Loaded Liquid Propellant Gun Program For Possible Relevance To The Electrothermal Chemical Propulsion Program
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Author : John D. Knapton
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
A Review Of The Bulk Loaded Liquid Propellant Gun Program For Possible Relevance To The Electrothermal Chemical Propulsion Program written by John D. Knapton and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Ballistics, Interior categories.
Some findings from the phenomenological studies during the earlier bulk-loaded liquid propellant gun programs are reviewed for possible relevance to the electrothermal chemical (ETC) propulsion program. The review includes studies on the basic combustion mechanism, conditions that resulted in relatively flat pressure-time profiles, and conditions that may have contributed to catastrophic failures. The studies on the basic combustion mechanisms concluded that the hydrodynamic instabilities occurring during the interior ballistic cycle are sufficient to break-up the charge and result in complete combustion during the interior ballistic cycle. The dominant instabilities include the penetration of a gas cavity into the liquid propellant, called a Taylor cavity; and the rapid liquid break-up due to mixing at the gas liquid interface, referred to as Helmholtz mixing. The initial conditions are also summarized for tests which resulted in relatively flat pressure-time traces. For relevance to the electrothermal chemical program, it is concluded that proper control of the initial conditions will likely be critical for establishing a reasonable level of repeatability ... Thermochemical propulsion, Liquid propellants, Interior ballistics.
Fast Reactions In Energetic Materials
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Author : Alexander S. Shteinberg
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2009-08-29
Fast Reactions In Energetic Materials written by Alexander S. Shteinberg and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-08-29 with Science categories.
Modern energetic materials include explosives, blasting powders, pyrotechnic m- tures and rocket propellants [1, 2]. The study of high-temperature decomposition of condensed phases of propellants and their components (liquid, solid and hybrid) is currently of special importance for the development of space-system engineering [3, 4]. To better understand the burning mechanisms (stationary, nonstationary, - steady) of composite solid propellants and their components, information about the macrokinetics of their high-temperature decomposition is required [5]. To be able to evaluate the ignition parameters and conditions of safe handling of heat-affected explosives, one needs to know the kinetic constants of their high-temperature - composition. The development of new composite solid propellants characterized by high performance characteristics (high burning rates, high thermal stability, stability to intrachamber perturbations, and other aspects) is not possible without quanti- tive data on the high-temperature decomposition of composite solid propellants and their components [6]. The same reasons have resulted in signi?cant theoretical and practical interest in the high-temperature decomposition of components of hybrid propellants. It is known that hybrid propellants have not been used very widely due to the low bu- ing (pyrolysis) rates of the polymer blocks in the combustion chambers of hybrid rocket engines. To increase the burning rates it is necessary to obtain information about their relationships to the corresponding kinetic and thermophysical prop- ties of the fuels.
Model Based Gun Propellant Formulations
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Author :
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1999
Model Based Gun Propellant Formulations written by and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with categories.
New energetic materials, new explosives, and propellant formulations have traditionally been developed through the following long-standing process. Chemical structures of new energetic compounds are identified and the discovery of suitable synthesis procedures for these new candidates becomes the target of initial research efforts. These synthesis procedures once identified, are repeated and further optimized until the process using laboratory methods is efficient enough to produce small quantities of material. Exploratory development programs are then initiated to formulate, evaluate and further scale-up the synthesis of these materials. These steps are reproduced and repeated to further provide enough maternal for assessing the new composition's performance, sensitivity, safety and vulnerability properties. Once the properties of the composition have been cataloged, the data is made available to program managers and weapon systems designers, and the composition is offered as a potential candidate for incorporation into their programs. Based on the information provided from the basic research and exploratory development efforts, the customer or user may then select a composition that either offers some degree of improvement in their respective programs or which help them meet some predefined performance requirements. Once again, steps can then be undertaken to scale-up and make even larger quantities of material for use in advanced testing and evaluation.