Thin Film Solar Cells From Earth Abundant Materials
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Thin Film Solar Cells From Earth Abundant Materials
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Author : Subba Ramaiah Kodigala
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2013-11-14
Thin Film Solar Cells From Earth Abundant Materials written by Subba Ramaiah Kodigala and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-14 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The fundamental concept of the book is to explain how to make thin film solar cells from the abundant solar energy materials by low cost. The proper and optimized growth conditions are very essential while sandwiching thin films to make solar cell otherwise secondary phases play a role to undermine the working function of solar cells. The book illustrates growth and characterization of Cu2ZnSn(S1-xSex)4 thin film absorbers and their solar cells. The fabrication process of absorber layers by either vacuum or non-vacuum process is readily elaborated in the book, which helps for further development of cells. The characterization analyses such as XPS, XRD, SEM, AFM etc., lead to tailor the physical properties of the absorber layers to fit well for the solar cells. The role of secondary phases such as ZnS, Cu2-xS,SnS etc., which are determined by XPS, XRD or Raman, in the absorber layers is promptly discussed. The optical spectroscopy analysis, which finds band gap, optical constants of the films, is mentioned in the book. The electrical properties of the absorbers deal the influence of substrates, growth temperature, impurities, secondary phases etc. The low temperature I-V and C-V measurements of Cu2ZnSn(S1-xSex)4 thin film solar cells are clearly described. The solar cell parameters such as efficiency, fill factor, series resistance, parallel resistance provide handful information to understand the mechanism of physics of thin film solar cells in the book. The band structure, which supports to adjust interface states at the p-n junction of the solar cells is given. On the other hand the role of window layers with the solar cells is discussed. The simulation of theoretical efficiency of Cu2ZnSn(S1-xSex)4 thin film solar cells explains how much efficiency can be experimentally extracted from the cells. One of the first books exploring how to conduct research on thin film solar cells, including reducing costs Detailed instructions on conducting research
Fabrication And Characterization Of Low Cost Solar Cells Based On Earth Abundant Materials For Sustainable Photovoltaics
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Author : Mahmoud Abdelfatah
language : en
Publisher: Cuvillier Verlag
Release Date : 2016-07-08
Fabrication And Characterization Of Low Cost Solar Cells Based On Earth Abundant Materials For Sustainable Photovoltaics written by Mahmoud Abdelfatah and has been published by Cuvillier Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-07-08 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The low cost and low temperature electrochemical deposition technique was employed to grow Cu2O thin films and ZnO:Al thin films were deposited by d.c. magnetron sputtering in order to fabricate solar cells. The potentiostatic and galvanostatic electrodeposition modes were used to deposit the Cu2O thin films. Raman spectra of thin films have shown characteristic frequencies of crystalline Cu2O. The contact between Cu2O and Au is found to be an Ohmic contact. The devices grown by a potentiostatic mode have higher efficiency than those grown by a galvanostatic mode. The optimum thickness of Cu2O thin films as an absorber layer in solar cells. was found to be around 3 µm respect to a high efficiency. Flexible and light weight solar cell was fabricated on plastic substrate.
Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide Based Thin Film Solar Cells
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Author : Kentaro Ito
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-02-23
Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide Based Thin Film Solar Cells written by Kentaro Ito and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-02-23 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Beginning with an overview and historical background of Copper Zinc Tin Sulphide (CZTS) technology, subsequent chapters cover properties of CZTS thin films, different preparation methods of CZTS thin films, a comparative study of CZTS and CIGS solar cell, computational approach, and future applications of CZTS thin film solar modules to both ground-mount and rooftop installation. The semiconducting compound (CZTS) is made up earth-abundant, low-cost and non-toxic elements, which make it an ideal candidate to replace Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) and CdTe solar cells which face material scarcity and toxicity issues. The device performance of CZTS-based thin film solar cells has been steadily improving over the past 20 years, and they have now reached near commercial efficiency levels (10%). These achievements prove that CZTS-based solar cells have the potential to be used for large-scale deployment of photovoltaics. With contributions from leading researchers from academia and industry, many of these authors have contributed to the improvement of its efficiency, and have rich experience in preparing a variety of semiconducting thin films for solar cells.
Thin Film Solar Cells
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Author : K. L. Chopra
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Thin Film Solar Cells written by K. L. Chopra and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
"You, 0 Sun, are the eye of the world You are the soul of all embodied beings You are the source of all creatures You are the discipline of all engaged in work" - Translated from Mahabharata 3rd Century BC Today, energy is the lifeline and status symbol of "civilized" societies. All nations have therefore embarked upon Research and Development pro grams of varying magnitudes to explore and effectively utilize renewable sources of energy. Albeit a low-grade energy with large temporal and spatial variations, solar energy is abundant, cheap, clean, and renewable, and thus presents a very attractive alternative source. The direct conver sion of solar energy to electricity (photovoltaic effect) via devices called solar cells has already become an established frontier area of science and technology. Born out of necessity for remote area applications, the first commercially manufactured solar cells - single-crystal silicon and thin film CdS/Cu2S - were available well over 20 years ago. Indeed, all space vehicles today are powered by silicon solar cells. But large-scale terrestrial applications of solar cells still await major breakthroughs in terms of discovering new and radical concepts in solar cell device structures, utilizing relatively more abundant, cheap, and even exotic materials, and inventing simpler and less energy intensive fabrication processes. No doubt, this extraordinary challenge in R/D has led to a virtual explosion of activities in the field of photovoltaics in the last several years.
Recent Advances In Thin Film Photovoltaics
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Author : Udai P. Singh
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-09-02
Recent Advances In Thin Film Photovoltaics written by Udai P. Singh and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-02 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book provides recent development in thin-film solar cells (TFSC). TFSC have proven the promising approach for terrestrial and space photovoltaics. TFSC have the potential to change the device design and produce high efficiency devices on rigid/flexible substrates with significantly low manufacturing cost. TFSC have several advantages in manufacturing compared to traditional crystalline Si-solar cells like less requirement of materials, can be prepared with earth’s abundant materials, less processing steps, easy to dispose, etc. Several universities/research institutes/industry in India and abroad are involved in the research area of thin-film solar cells. The book helps the readers to find the details about different thin-film technologies and its advancement at one place. Each chapter covers properties of materials, its suitability for PV applications, simple manufacturing processes and recent and past literature survey. The issues related to the development of high efficiency TFSC devices over large area and its commercial and future prospects are discussed.
Electronic Characterisation Of Earth Abundant Sulphides For Solar Photovoltaics
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Author : Thomas James Whittles
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-07-31
Electronic Characterisation Of Earth Abundant Sulphides For Solar Photovoltaics written by Thomas James Whittles and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-07-31 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book examines the electronic structure of earth-abundant and environmentally friendly materials for use as absorber layers within photovoltaic cells. The corroboration between high-quality photoemission measurements and density of states calculations yields valuable insights into why these materials have demonstrated poor device efficiencies in the vast literature cited. The book shows how the materials’ underlying electronic structures affect their properties, and how the band positions make them unsuitable for use with established solar cell technologies. After explaining these poor efficiencies, the book offers alternative window layer materials to improve the use of these absorbers. The power of photoemission and interpretation of the data in terms of factors generally overlooked in the literature, such as the materials’ oxidation and phase impurity, is demonstrated. Representing a unique reference guide, the book will be of considerable interest and value to members of the photoemission community engaged in solar cell research, and to a wider materials science audience as well.
Development Of Earth Abundant Tin Ii Sulfide Thin Film Solar Cells By Vapor Deposition
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Author : Prasert Sinsermsuksakul
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Development Of Earth Abundant Tin Ii Sulfide Thin Film Solar Cells By Vapor Deposition written by Prasert Sinsermsuksakul and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
To sustain future civilization, the development of alternative clean-energy technologies to replace fossil fuels has become one of the most crucial and challenging problems of the last few decades. The thin film solar cell is one of the major photovoltaic technologies that is promising for renewable energy. The current commercial thin film PV technologies are based on Cu(In, Ga)Se2 and CdTe. Despite their success in reducing the module cost below $1/Wp, these absorber materials face limitations due to their use of scarce (In and Te) and toxic (Cd) elements. One promising candidate for an alternative absorber material is tin monosulfide (SnS). Composed of cheap, non-toxic and earth-abundant elemental constituents, SnS can potentially provide inexpensive PV modules to reach the global energy demand in TW levels.
Thin Film Solar Cells
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Author : Jef Poortmans
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2006-10-16
Thin Film Solar Cells written by Jef Poortmans and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-10-16 with Science categories.
Thin-film solar cells are either emerging or about to emerge from the research laboratory to become commercially available devices finding practical various applications. Currently no textbook outlining the basic theoretical background, methods of fabrication and applications currently exist. Thus, this book aims to present for the first time an in-depth overview of this topic covering a broad range of thin-film solar cell technologies including both organic and inorganic materials, presented in a systematic fashion, by the scientific leaders in the respective domains. It covers a broad range of related topics, from physical principles to design, fabrication, characterization, and applications of novel photovoltaic devices.
Solar Cell Materials
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Author : Arthur Willoughby
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2014-03-03
Solar Cell Materials written by Arthur Willoughby and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-03-03 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book presents a comparison of solar cell materials, including both new materials based on organics, nanostructures and novel inorganics and developments in more traditional photovoltaic materials. It surveys the materials and materials trends in the field including third generation solar cells (multiple energy level cells, thermal approaches and the modification of the solar spectrum) with an eye firmly on low costs, energy efficiency and the use of abundant non-toxic materials.
Physics And Technology Of Amorphous Crystalline Heterostructure Silicon Solar Cells
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Author : Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2011-11-16
Physics And Technology Of Amorphous Crystalline Heterostructure Silicon Solar Cells written by Wilfried G. J. H. M. van Sark and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-16 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Today’s solar cell multi-GW market is dominated by crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafer technology, however new cell concepts are entering the market. One very promising solar cell design to answer these needs is the silicon hetero-junction solar cell, of which the emitter and back surface field are basically produced by a low temperature growth of ultra-thin layers of amorphous silicon. In this design, amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) constitutes both „emitter“ and „base-contact/back surface field“ on both sides of a thin crystalline silicon wafer-base (c-Si) where the electrons and holes are photogenerated; at the same time, a-Si:H passivates the c-Si surface. Recently, cell efficiencies above 23% have been demonstrated for such solar cells. In this book, the editors present an overview of the state-of-the-art in physics and technology of amorphous-crystalline heterostructure silicon solar cells. The heterojunction concept is introduced, processes and resulting properties of the materials used in the cell and their heterointerfaces are discussed and characterization techniques and simulation tools are presented.