Three Essays On Environmental Economics And International Trade
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Three Essays On Environmental Economics And International Trade
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Author : Sean King Blaed
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2014
Three Essays On Environmental Economics And International Trade written by Sean King Blaed and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014 with categories.
Three Essays On The Role Of Heterogeneity In Industrial Organization International Trade And Environmental Economics
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Author : Xin Zhao
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2017
Three Essays On The Role Of Heterogeneity In Industrial Organization International Trade And Environmental Economics written by Xin Zhao and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017 with categories.
This dissertation consists of three studies on trade, industrial organization, and environmental economics. The first study investigates endogenous cartel formation with market entry and firm heterogeneity. We show why large firms do not join a cartel in some industries and choose to compete rather than cooperate with a cartel. We illustrate that, under certain conditions, only firms with intermediate productivity benefit from joining a cartel; and low-productive firms cannot compete efficiently for production quota in the cartel and hence choose to stay out. High-productive firms prefer to stay out because building excess capacity in cartel lowers their profits.
Three Essays On Environmental Economics
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Author : Wensu Li
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Three Essays On Environmental Economics written by Wensu Li and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
This dissertation addresses three issues in environmental economics. The first chapter uses data from the United States to examine how extreme weather events, which are more frequent and severe because of climate change, affect people's work time and location. A key question in this chapter is the role of job flexibility, such as access to work-at-home arrangements or flexible schedules, in people's adaptation behavior. The empirical analysis shows that people with higher job flexibility can adapt more easily to extreme weather, implying that job flexibility might be an important tool for adapting to climate change. The second chapter considers the role of waste quality in the international waste trade for recycling. It presents a theoretical model of the vertical market structure in recycling and obtains the market equilibrium quality and quantity in the international recyclable market where the upstream waste collectors sell to the downstream recycling mills. Adding the quality dimension opens a new way to think about the pollution haven effect. The policy analysis shows that, when taking waste quality into account, changes in border policies may lead to counter-intuitive outcomes. The third chapter estimates the nonlinear relationship between household electricity consumption and household income. The purchase of new electrical appliances creates a discontinuous jump in electricity use which is partly why electricity consumption does not grow proportionally with income. Chapter 3 empirically verifies the positive jump with the purchase of common appliances and identifies air conditioners as a key driver behind the rapid growth of household energy consumption in China in the early 2010s.
Three Essays On Environmental Economics
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Author : Sophie Bernard
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2010
Three Essays On Environmental Economics written by Sophie Bernard and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010 with Environmental economics categories.
Essays In Environmental Economics And International Trade
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Author : Wenxin Xie
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2019
Essays In Environmental Economics And International Trade written by Wenxin Xie and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019 with categories.
The first two chapters of this dissertation seek to understand how climate change affects labor market outcomes and manufacturing firms in developing country contexts. Chapter One provides worker-level evidence in Brazil on different labor market adjustment margins with respect to extreme heat shocks and the underlying transmission mechanism. Exploiting rich employer-employee matched data, I find that quarterly heat shocks lead to significant increases in the propensity of manufacturing-worker layoff through the direct labor productivity channel. A significant proportion of manufacturing workers who experienced heat-related layoffs fail to find any formal employment within 36 months. These results show that heat shocks lead to persistent negative employment effect in the formal manufacturing labor market due to failure in job transitions over the medium run. In Chapter Two, I turn the focus to manufacturing firms in Indonesia. In a heterogeneous firm model with capital-biased productivity, I incorporate temperature shocks through the direct labor productivity channel and illustrate how less productive firms decide on production and re-optimize factor intensity as temperature increases. Empirically, I match gridded daily weather data with the Indonesian firm-level industrial surveys. I find that under heat shocks, the initially less productive firms are more likely to exit, highlighting the presence of survival bias intrinsic to firm-level intensive margin analysis. Second, on the aggregate, resources reallocate from less to more productive firms within industries. Among surviving firms, we observe factor substitution from unskilled to skilled workers, and firms switching from using domestic to foreign intermediate inputs. Chapter Three investigates how global commodity price booms affect land use and forest management, and the factors that influence sustainable environmental practices of mining firms. We employ a spatial and temporal lens, by collecting proprietary data on more than 30,000 mines located around the world and matching the location of these mines to high-resolution satellite imagery. This allows a granular study of the relationship between commodity prices and loss of forest cover worldwide, as well as the spatial distribution of global mines in relation to changes in land-use patterns and local economic activities as measured by nighttime luminosity. We find a positive elasticity of forest cover loss. Mine owners from rich countries display larger disparity in the elasticity of forest cover loss when operating in low versus high income countries. Our estimates suggest that the early 2000s "commodity super-cycle" contributes to roughly 8%-20% of the observed total deforestation around mining sites and that mining-induced deforestation is not limited to the immediate surroundings of mining pits.
Essays On International And Environmental Economics
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Author : Jacob Wibe
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Essays On International And Environmental Economics written by Jacob Wibe and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
This thesis consists of three chapters employing quantitative open economy models to study international trade transmission, the economic impacts of climate change, and remittance transfers. The first chapter examines the role of production sharing and trade in the transmission of the 2008-2009 recession. In the model, production sharing is represented by a tradable sector that produces a composite good exclusively for the foreign market. The results suggest that trade transmission can account for 72% of the fall in output in Canada, 19% of the fall in output in Mexico, and about two-thirds of the fall in trade for both countries. The counterfactual experiments find that production sharing can account for about 40% of the fall in international trade, and 12% of the fall in output. The second chapter quantifies the net economic impact of climate change and climate change policy on the Canadian economy. We combine a small open economy model of Canada with the ANEMI model, an integrated assessment model developed at Western University. We find that while a carbon tax that holds the stock of global emissions below the 550 ppm level would yield positive net benefits for the world economy, the impact of such a tax on the Canadian economy would be negative. (Joint with Jim MacGee and Jim Davies). The third chapter examines the impact of remittance transfers on the allocation of productive factors across sectors in Latin American and Caribbean countries. It extends a two-sector open economy model to include an endogenous migration decision. Key findings are that net recipients of remittance payments experience a reallocation of productive factors from the tradable sector to the non-tradable sector, and that the benefit from remittance inflows is lower for countries which have a relatively less productive non-tradable sector.
Three Essays In Environmental Economics
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Author : Jonah Busch
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2008
Three Essays In Environmental Economics written by Jonah Busch and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008 with categories.
Three Essays In Environmental Economics
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Author : Antonia Isabel Laurie Schwarz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Three Essays In Environmental Economics written by Antonia Isabel Laurie Schwarz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with categories.
Essays On Environmental Economics
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Author : Qu Tang
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Essays On Environmental Economics written by Qu Tang and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with categories.
Abstract Essays on Environmental Economics by Qu Tang Doctor of Philosophy in Agricultural and Resource Economics University of California, Berkeley Professor Gordon C. Rausser, Chair This dissertation is comprised of three essays that apply microeconomics theory and econometric methods to study important issues in environmental economics. In the first essay, I investigate the impacts of imposing inter-state trade restrictions on the compliance costs of coal-fired electric generating units (EGUs) in the context of a U.S. SO2 emissions trading program (the Acid Rain Program). Over the past decade, tremendous efforts have been devoted to modifying emissions trading programs to address cross-state air pollution problems. The modification involves imposing more restrictions on emissions trading across geographical areas. The empirical question is how severe trade restrictions affect the regulated firms' compliance costs. Using rich data from the Acid Rain Program, this essay developed a discrete-continuous model to estimate electric generating units' compliance strategies and marginal abatement costs associated with the nationwide uniform emissions trading as the program was implemented in practice. Based on the estimation results, this essay then simulated units' compliance behaviors and the corresponding compliance costs if interstate trading had been prohibited. The results show that the aggregate compliance costs would increase more than one and a half times for the same emissions reduction goal due to the narrower trading markets in the counterfactual policy design with trade restrictions, and the costs would vary dramatically across space. Combined with the analysis on the benefit side, the results of this essay could be used to predict welfare impacts associated with trade restrictions at both national level and state level. And it may shed light on the future modification and implementation of EPA's cross-state air pollution regulations. The second essay applies an equilibrium sorting model to a brand-new housing market in Beijing, China to estimate household preferences for neighborhood public goods provision, including public transportation services, public primary schools, and environmental amenities. The equilibrium sorting model is based on a discrete choice model of household residential location decisions. Relying on a unique, detailed data set on housing location, price, and other household characteristics, I estimate the model following the two-step BLP method, taking into account the heterogeneity of household preferences, incorporating neighborhood-specific unobservable characteristics, and addressing the endogeneity of housing prices using instrumental variables. The results suggest that in general, lower housing price, better environmental amenities, and being closer to job centers will increase the choice opportunity of a neighborhood, and public transportation systems play a more important role in the neighborhoods far away from urban centers. Moreover, different households show varying preferences for these public goods. A distinct fact is that in addition to income, people's preferences vary greatly with generation (head age of households) and job type (whether there are public employees), which reveal the significant differences between generations and illustrate the welfare for public employees within the context of the transitional economy in China. This preference heterogeneity implies that future policies should be more geographically asymmetric, locally targeted and tailored based on specific socio-economic characteristics. The third essay estimates the impact of climate change on the crop yields in China. I use a 11-year county-level panel data set covering more than 1,000 counties to estimate the effects of random year-to-year variation in weather on three major crops yields, including rice, wheat, and corn. Because it is not easy for small-scale farmers to adapt to climate change quickly in short time, these estimates could be used to plausibly predict the short to medium-run impacts of climate change on crop yields in China. The essay finds that over the period 2040-2060, projected climate change would reduce rice yield by 1.18% under a comparatively high emission scenario and by 0.08% under a medium-low scenario, reduce corn yield by 2.21% and 1.64% under the two emission scenarios, respectively, and increase wheat yield by 6.68% and 5.48% under the two emission scenarios, respectively. These findings may shed light on future policy designs to enhance the adaptive capacity of agriculture in China and thus ensure food security in the context of climate change.
Three Essays In Environmental And Public Economics
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Author : Sarani Saha
language : en
Publisher: ProQuest
Release Date : 2007
Three Essays In Environmental And Public Economics written by Sarani Saha and has been published by ProQuest this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007 with categories.
This thesis considers the problem of provision of public good--both global and domestic. The first part of the thesis looks at how heterogeneity among countries affect their incentives to join an international environmental agreement (IEA). Understanding the effects of heterogeneity is important in designing international treaties like the Kyoto protocol. The countries differ in damage costs from emissions. A two-stage game of IEA formation is solved and analyzed to reflect the effect of heterogeneity. Given the damage costs, the model can predict analytically the size and type of an agreement. The results indicate that the agreement is larger in presence of heterogeneity than it is when all the countries are homogeneous. The trade-off result between depth and breadth of an agreement, as found in the models with identical countries, is present in the heterogeneous case as well. Broad agreements are found to be shallow while deep agreements are narrow.