Three Essays On Inference For Poverty And Inequality Metrics
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Three Essays On Inference For Poverty And Inequality Metrics
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Author : Tianyu He
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Three Essays On Inference For Poverty And Inequality Metrics written by Tianyu He and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
"Income inequality and poverty have important economic, political, and social implications. Despite this, existing measures of inequality and poverty are plagued with problems. First, existing inequality measures are not defined for possibly negative variables.Extended inequality measures were recently proposed to overcome this difficulty but used essentially as descriptive tools without statistical inference.Second, when comparing poverty or inequality measures, standard procedures require that the two samples are independent or completely dependent (i.e., matched pairs).These assumptions are not satisfied by many household surveys, since they are rotated samples.Third, it is known in the literature that two popular inference procedures, namely asymptotic and bootstrap inference methods, can have poor performance in finite samples or in the presence of heavy tails.The thesis contributes to statistical inference on poverty and inequality measures. We first make the extended inequality measures formal by providing estimation and asymptotic inference methods including uniform inference on extended Lorenz curves.For comparing the extended (and traditional) inequality measures, we propose methods that are robust to independent, completely, and partially dependent samples.Finally, an exact nonparametric inference method is provided for comparing poverty measures.We provide simulation evidence to support the proposed inference procedures.Our methods are applied to several empirical applications including financial income inequality in Italy, cross-sectional dispersion of US stock returns and rural-urban poverty disparity in China"--
Essays On Microeconometrics And Labor Economics
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Author : Chengye Jia
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2021
Essays On Microeconometrics And Labor Economics written by Chengye Jia and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021 with categories.
Studies of income inequality and intergenerational income mobility have important implications for policy. This dissertation consists of three essays which are contribute to the statistical inference on measures of intergenerational income mobility and the application of distributional decomposition to income inequality. The first two chapters propose semiparametric distribution regression estimators to study the transition matrices and local rank-rank slopes which are two measures of intergenerational income mobility. The third chapter extend the Oaxaca-Bliner decomposition to the distributions of income gap between two groups of people. The first chapter, INFERENCE ON COUNTERFACTUAL TRANSITION MATRICES, considers estimation and inference techniques for (i) conditional transition matrices -- transition matrices that are conditional on some vector of covariates, (ii) counterfactual transition matrices -- transition matrices that arise from holding fixed conditional transition matrices but adjusting the distribution of the covariates, and (iii) transition matrix average partial effects. Estimating conditional transition matrices is closely related to estimating conditional distribution functions, and we propose new semiparametric distribution regression estimators that may be of interest in other contexts as well. We also derive uniform inference results for transition matrices that allow researchers to account for issues such as multiple testing that naturally arise when estimating a transition matrix. We use our results to study differences in intergenerational mobility for black families and white families. In the application, we document large differences between the transition matrices of black and white families. We also show that these differences are partially, but not fully, explained by differences in the distributions of other family characteristics. The second chapter, SEMIPARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF LOCAL RANK-RANK SLOPES, a local Rank-Rank slope which varies with parental rank and counterfactual Rank-Rank slope which adjusts for differences in the distribution of covariates. We develop new semiparametric distribution regression method to estimate those parameters. To make inference on different values of parental rank, we prove those estimators converge to Gaussian processes and build sup-t confidence bands by nonparametric bootstrap. In order to filter out some important observed characteristics, we sort the composition effects in an ascending order and propose classification analysis method, and also prove these converge to Gaussian processes. We apply our methods to study the differences in LRRS between cohort 79 and cohort 97. We show that the trend of LRRS of cohort 97 is very different from that of cohort 79 and find that children in cohort 97 which have larger composition effects are from higher income families, tend to be male and Nonblack and nonhispanic, and accept more years of education especially in advanced education. Also the difference in the parental education level after high school is unrelated to the composition effects across groups. The third chapter, DECOMPOSING WAGE GAPS BETWEEN HAN AND NON-HAN MINORITIES, uses CHIP 2013 dataset to analyze the income gap between two groups--Han and non-Han groups. Two methods are used in this paper to decompose the quantile differences of income among ethnic groups. One is distribution regression method proposed by y Chernozhukov, Fernández-Val, and Melly (2013) and the other is Recentered influence function regressions proposed by Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux (2018). There are three main results of this paper. First, after decomposing, the income gap is larger in the low quantile than in high quantile. Second, income gap can be partly explained by composition effects although the structure effect account for a larger part of the total gap than composition effect at each quantile. Finally, education, region and age account for most proportion of composition effects, which due to the fact that most non-Han families are living in the poor area and thus do not have enough money to support their education. Most ethnic minorities live in rural areas where the economy is underdeveloped.
Essays On The Econometrics Of Inequality And Poverty Measurements
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Author : Abdoul Aziz Junior Ndoye
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Essays On The Econometrics Of Inequality And Poverty Measurements written by Abdoul Aziz Junior Ndoye and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
This dissertation consists of four essays on the econometrics of inequality and poverty measurement. It provides a statistical analysis based on probabilistic models, finite mixture distributions and quantile regression models, all using aBayesian approach.Chapter 2 models income distribution using a mixture of lognormal densities. Using the analytical expression of inequality indices, it shows how a Rao-Blackwellised Gibbs sampler can lead to accurate inference on income inequality measurements even in small samples.Chapter 3 develops Bayesian inference for the unconditional quantile regression model based on the Re-centered Influence Function (RIF). It models the considered distribution by a mixture of lognormal densities and then provides conditional posterior densities for the quantile regression parameters. This approach is perceived to provide better estimates in the extreme quantiles in the presence of heavy tails as well as valid small sample confidence intervalsfor the Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition.Chapter 4 provides Bayesian inference for a mixture of two Pareto distributions which is then used to approximate the upper tail of a wage distribution. This mixture model is applied to the data from the CPS ORG to analyze the recent structure of top wages in the U.S. from 1992 through 2009. Findings are largely in accordance with the explanations combining the model of superstars and the model of tournaments in hierarchical organization structures. Chapter 5 makes use of the RIF-regression to measure both changes in the return to education across quantiles and rural urban inequality decomposition in consumption expenditure in Senegal.
Income Inequality And Poverty
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Author : Nanak Kakwani
language : en
Publisher: New York : Published for the World Bank [by] Oxford University Press
Release Date : 1980
Income Inequality And Poverty written by Nanak Kakwani and has been published by New York : Published for the World Bank [by] Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with Business & Economics categories.
Deals with income distribution methods and their economic applications.
Three Essays On Heterogeneous Capabilities Poverty Trap Thresholds And The Persistence Of Inequality
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Author : Bret Anderson
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Three Essays On Heterogeneous Capabilities Poverty Trap Thresholds And The Persistence Of Inequality written by Bret Anderson and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with categories.
Three Essays On Poverty And Inequality In The U S
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Author : Heidi S. Shierholz
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
Three Essays On Poverty And Inequality In The U S written by Heidi S. Shierholz and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Equality categories.
Three Essays In Resilience Vulnerability And Inequality
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Author : Christopher Gavin Andrae Oconnor
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022
Three Essays In Resilience Vulnerability And Inequality written by Christopher Gavin Andrae Oconnor and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with Electronic dissertations categories.
Resilience/vulnerability to poverty and inequality are important issues in development economics. Chapter 1 (titled "Do Conditional Cash Transfers Create Resilience Against Poverty? Long-run Evidence From Jamaica") explores the potential for a major social protection program, Conditional Cash Transfers (CCTs), to affect a person's long-run resilience against poverty. To do this, I exploit the age-based eligibility thresholds and regional variation in exposure to the Jamaican CCT program to identify its long-run impact on resilience against poverty. The major finding of this study is that child beneficiaries of the program are 11.5 percentage points more resilient against poverty when they become adults than they would have been in the absence of the program. Overall, this study provides further justification for the expansion of programs targeting children. Resilience and vulnerability can be considered two sides of the same coin, where resilience is 1 8́2 vulnerability. In measuring resilience in Chapter 1, quantile regression was used to characterize a person's welfare distribution. However, the standard strategy in the vulnerability literature to characterize the welfare distribution is to assume the distribution and estimate the parameters via least squares. In chapter 2 of this dissertation, titled "Robust Estimates of Vulnerability to Poverty using Quantile Estimators", I formally compare the quantile regression strategy to standard strategies. Using data from Uganda, I find that the quantile regression strategy more accurately identifies the future poor among the general population. While resilience and vulnerability relates to a person's conditional welfare distribution, another question that researchers might be interested in is how policies might interact with inequality in the unconditional distribution of wealth and poverty. For Chapter 3, co-authored with Li Zhang and Cary Deck and titled "An Examination of the Effect of Inequality on Lotteries for Funding Public Goods", we experimentally study the impact of inequality on the effectiveness of contests for funding public goods in a development context. We found that increased inequality should increase total contributions to a lottery funded public good. This result differs from prior results for the standard voluntary contribution mechanism where increased inequality has been found to reduce public good provision.
Topics In Measurement
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Author : Shabana Mitra
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2011
Topics In Measurement written by Shabana Mitra and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011 with Economic development categories.
Inequality Polarization And Poverty
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Author : Satya R. Chakravarty
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2010-07-25
Inequality Polarization And Poverty written by Satya R. Chakravarty and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-07-25 with Business & Economics categories.
This book provides a synthesis of some recent issues and an up-to-date treatment of some of the major important issues in distributional analysis that I have covered in my previous book Ethical Social Index Numbers, which was widely accepted by students, teachers, researchers and practitioners in the area. Wide coverage of on-going and advanced topics and their analytical, articulate and authoritative p- sentation make the book theoretically and methodologically quite contemporary and inclusive, and highly responsive to the practical problems of recent concern. Since many countries of the world are still characterized by high levels of income inequality, Chap. 1 analyzes the problems of income inequality measurement in detail. Poverty alleviation is an overriding goal of development and social policy. To formulate antipoverty policies, research on poverty has mostly focused on inco- based indices. In view of this, a substantive analysis of income-based poverty has been presented in Chap. 2. The subject of Chap. 3 is people’s perception about income inequality in terms of deprivation. Since polarization is of current concern to analysts and social decisi- makers, a discussion on polarization is presented in Chap. 4.
Analysis Of Socio Economic Conditions
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Author : Gianni Betti
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2021-03-30
Analysis Of Socio Economic Conditions written by Gianni Betti and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-03-30 with Business & Economics categories.
Showcasing fuzzy set theory, this book highlights the enormous potential of fuzzy logic in helping to analyse the complexity of a wide range of socio-economic patterns and behaviour. The contributions to this volume explore the most up-to-date fuzzy-set methods for the measurement of socio-economic phenomena in a multidimensional and/or dynamic perspective. Thus far, fuzzy-set theory has primarily been utilised in the social sciences in the field of poverty measurement. These chapters examine the latest work in this area, while also exploring further applications including social exclusion, the labour market, educational mismatch, sustainability, quality of life and violence against women. The authors demonstrate that real-world situations are often characterised by imprecision, uncertainty and vagueness, which cannot be properly described by the classical set theory which uses a simple true–false binary logic. By contrast, fuzzy-set theory has been shown to be a powerful tool for describing the multidimensionality and complexity of social phenomena. This book will be of significant interest to economists, statisticians and sociologists utilising quantitative methods to explore socio-economic phenomena.