Tiandi Hui
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The Origins Of The Tiandihui
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Author : Dian H. Murray
language : en
Publisher: Stanford University Press
Release Date : 1994-07-01
The Origins Of The Tiandihui written by Dian H. Murray and has been published by Stanford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1994-07-01 with Social Science categories.
The Tiandihui, also known as the Heaven and Earth Association or the Triads, was one of the earliest, largest, and most enduring of the Chinese secret societies that have played crucial roles at decisive junctures in modern Chinese history. These organizations were characterized by ceremonial rituals, often in the form of blood oaths, that brought people together for a common goal. Some were organized for clandestine, criminal, or even seditious purposes by people alienated from or at the margins of society. Others were organized for mutual protection or the administration of local activities by law-abiding members of a given community. The common perception in the twentieth century, both in China and in the West, was that the Tiandihui was founded by Chinese patriots in the seventeenth century for the purpose of overthrowing the Qing (Manchu) dynasty and restoring the Ming (Chinese). This view was put forward by Sun Yat-sen and other revolutionaries who claimed that, like the anti-Manchu founders of the Tiandihui, their goal was to strip the Manchus of their throne. The Chinese Nationalists (Guomindang) today claim the Tiandihui as part of their heritage. This book relates a very different history of the origins of the Tiandihui. Using Qing dynasty archives that were made available in both Beijing and Taipei during the last decades, the author shows that the Tiandihui was founded not as a political movement but as a mutual aid brotherhood in 1761, a century after the date given by traditional historiography. She contends that histories depicting Ming loyalism as the raison d'etre of the Tiandihui are based on internally generated sources and, in part, on the "Xi Lu Legend," a creation myth that tells of monks from the Shaolin Monastery aiding the emperor in fighting the Xi Lu barbarians. Because of its importance to the theories of Ming loyalist scholars and its impact on Tiandihui historiography as a whole, the author thoroughly investigates the legend, revealing it to be the product of later - not founding - generations of Tiandihui members and a tale with an evolution of its own. The seven extant versions of the legend itself appear in English translation as an appendix. This book thus accomplishes three things: it reviews and analyzes the extensive Tiandihui literature; it makes available to Western scholars information from archival materials heretofore seen only by a few Chinese specialists; and it firmly establishes an authoritative chronology of the Tiandihui's early history.
Tiandi Hui
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Author : Gustave Schlegel
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016-12-21
Tiandi Hui written by Gustave Schlegel and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-21 with categories.
Schlegel's work contains no less than 750 Chinese characters or expressions that have been cross-checked and transliterated into pinyin and 30 illustrations that have been completely redone.Gustave Schlegel (1840-1903) was a Dutch sinologist and field naturalist. In 1866 he published his Tiandihui 天地會 (Heaven and Earth Society), the first monograph on the topic in Dutch and in 1869 he was awarded a doctorate from the University of Jena and in 1875 was appointed "extraordinary professor of Chinese at Leiden University where he became full professor in 1877. In 1875, he published Uranographie Chinoise, an in-depth study of Chinese astronomy. Schlegel's 1866 monograph on the Heaven and Earth Society is considered the major breakthrough in its study, even in 21st century scholarship.
Essays On The Tiandi Hui Or Triad Society
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Author : Eric Serejski
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016-12-21
Essays On The Tiandi Hui Or Triad Society written by Eric Serejski and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-12-21 with categories.
Essais on the Tiandi Hui or Triad Society consists of 24 essays describing various aspects of the Triad organisations in Mainland China and elsewhere. Theses essays broaden the information found in Volumes 1 and 2. The essay of Henry Cordier, originally in French, is now presented in English. One of the challenges of this compilation consisted in the translitaration: across the authors there was originally 1791 Chinese terms, all checked, cross-verified and consistent with the Works of Mrs. Schlegel and Stanton.
Secret Societies Reconsidered Perspectives On The Social History Of Early Modern South China And Southeast Asia
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Author : David Ownby
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2016-09-16
Secret Societies Reconsidered Perspectives On The Social History Of Early Modern South China And Southeast Asia written by David Ownby and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-09-16 with Social Science categories.
A discussion of the development of secret societies within China and among Chinese communities in colonial Southeast Asia in the late 18th and 19th centuries.
Meng Hui Qinghe
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Author : Lihua Yu
language : zh-CN
Publisher:
Release Date : 1980
Meng Hui Qinghe written by Lihua Yu and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1980 with categories.
Politics And Identity In Chinese Martial Arts
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Author : Lu Zhouxiang
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2018-06-12
Politics And Identity In Chinese Martial Arts written by Lu Zhouxiang and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-12 with Sports & Recreation categories.
Chinese martial arts is considered by many to symbolise the strength of the Chinese and their pride in their history, and has long been regarded as an important element of Chinese culture and national identity. Politics and Identity in Chinese Martial Arts comprehensively examines the development of Chinese martial arts in the context of history and politics, and highlights its role in nation building and identity construction over the past two centuries. ? This book explores how the development of Chinese martial arts was influenced by the ruling regimes’ political and military policies, as well as the social and economic environment. It also discusses the transformation of Chinese martial arts into its modern form as a competitive sport, a sport for all and a performing art, considering the effect of the rapid transformation of Chinese society in the 20th century and the influence of Western sports. The text concludes by examining the current prominence of Chinese martial arts on a global scale and the bright future of the sport as a unique cultural icon and national symbol of China in an era of globalisation. Politics and Identity in Chinese Martial Arts is important reading for researchers, students and scholars working in the areas of Chinese studies, Chinese history, political science and sports studies. It is also a valuable read for anyone with a special interest in Chinese martial arts.
Heterodoxy In Late Imperial China
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Author : Kwang-Ching Liu
language : en
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Release Date : 2004-01-01
Heterodoxy In Late Imperial China written by Kwang-Ching Liu and has been published by University of Hawaii Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-01 with History categories.
Ten international academics explore heterodoxy dissent challenging the beliefs and meanings of the established norm in late Imperial China. In this process, they trace the origins of the cultural and intellectual protests to aspects of Daoism and Buddhism in the Ming (1368-1644) and Qing (1644-1911)
Time Temporality And Imperial Transition
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Author : Lynn A. Struve
language : en
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
Release Date : 2005-01-31
Time Temporality And Imperial Transition written by Lynn A. Struve and has been published by University of Hawaii Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-01-31 with History categories.
Time is basic to human consciousness and action, yet paradoxically historians rarely ask how it is understood, manipulated, recorded, or lived. Cataclysmic events in particular disrupt and realign the dynamics of temporality among people. For historians, the temporal effects of such events on large polities such as empires—the power projections of which always involve the dictation of time—are especially significant. This important and intriguing volume is an investigation of precisely such temporal effects, focusing on the northern and eastern regions of the Asian subcontinent in the seventeenth century, when the polity at the core of East Asian civilization, Ming dynasty China, collapsed and was replaced by the Manchu-ruled Qing dynasty. Contributors: Mark C. Elliott, Roger Des Forges, JaHyun Kim Haboush, Johan Elverskog, Eugenio Menegon, Zhao Shiyu.
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom
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Author : Thomas H. Reilly
language : en
Publisher: University of Washington Press
Release Date : 2011-07-01
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom written by Thomas H. Reilly and has been published by University of Washington Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-07-01 with History categories.
Occupying much of imperial China’s Yangzi River heartland and costing more than twenty million lives, the Taiping Rebellion (1851-64) was no ordinary peasant revolt. What most distinguished this dramatic upheaval from earlier rebellions were the spiritual beliefs of the rebels. The core of the Taiping faith focused on the belief that Shangdi, the high God of classical China, had chosen the Taiping leader, Hong Xiuquan, to establish his Heavenly Kingdom on Earth. How were the Taiping rebels, professing this new creed, able to mount their rebellion and recruit multitudes of followers in their sweep through the empire? Thomas Reilly argues that the Taiping faith, although kindled by Protestant sources, developed into a dynamic new Chinese religion whose conception of its sovereign deity challenged the legitimacy of the Chinese empire. The Taiping rebels denounced the divine pretensions of the imperial title and the sacred character of the imperial office as blasphemous usurpations of Shangdi’s title and position. In place of the imperial institution, the rebels called for restoration of the classical system of kingship. Previous rebellions had declared their contemporary dynasties corrupt and therefore in need of revival; the Taiping, by contrast, branded the entire imperial order blasphemous and in need of replacement. In this study, Reilly emphasizes the Christian elements of the Taiping faith, showing how Protestant missionaries built on earlier Catholic efforts to translate Christianity into a Chinese idiom. Prior studies of the rebellion have failed to appreciate how Hong Xiuquan’s interpretation of Christianity connected the Taiping faith to an imperial Chinese cultural and religious context. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom shows how the Bible--in particular, a Chinese translation of the Old Testament--profoundly influenced Hong and his followers, leading them to understand the first three of the Ten Commandments as an indictment of the imperial order. The rebels thus sought to destroy imperial culture along with its institutions and Confucian underpinnings, all of which they regarded as blasphemous. Strongly iconoclastic, the Taiping followers smashed religious statues and imperially approved icons throughout the lands they conquered. By such actions the Taiping Rebellion transformed--at least for its followers but to some extent for all Chinese--how Chinese people thought about religion, the imperial title and office, and the entire traditional imperial and Confucian order. This book makes a major contribution to the study of the Taiping Rebellion and to our understanding of the ideology of both the rebels and the traditional imperial order they opposed. It will appeal to scholars in the fields of Chinese history, religion, and culture and of Christian theology and church history.
Chinese Americans
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Author : Jonathan H. X. Lee
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing USA
Release Date : 2015-11-12
Chinese Americans written by Jonathan H. X. Lee and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-12 with Social Science categories.
This in-depth historical analysis highlights the enormous contributions of Chinese Americans to the professions, politics, and popular culture of America, from the 19th century through the present day. While the number of Chinese Americans has grown very rapidly in the last decade, this group has long thrived in the United States in spite of racism, discrimination, and segregation. This comprehensive volume takes a global view of the Chinese experience in the Americas. While the focus is on Chinese Americans in the United States, author Jonathan H. X. Lee also explores the experiences of Chinese immigrants in Canada, Mexico, and South America. He considers why the Chinese chose to leave their home country, where they settled, and how the distinctive Chinese American identity was formed. This volume is organized into four sections: historical overview; political and economic life; cultural and religious life; and literature, the arts, and popular culture. Detailed essays capture the essence of everyday life for this immigrant group as they assimilated, established communities, and interacted with other ethnic groups. Alphabetically arranged entries describe the political, social, and religious institutions begun by Chinese Americans and explores their roles as business owners, activists, and philanthropic benefactors for their communities.