Time In Natural Language
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Representing Time In Natural Language
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Author : Alice G. B. ter Meulen
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1997
Representing Time In Natural Language written by Alice G. B. ter Meulen and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The topic of temporal meaning in texts has received considerable attention in recent years from scholars in linguistics, logical semantics, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. Representing Time in Natural Language offers a systematic and detailed account of how we use temporal information contained in a text or in discourse to reason about the flow of time, inferring the order in which events happened when this is not explicitly stated. A new representational system is designed to formalize an appropriately context-dependent notion of situated inference. The Dynamic Aspect Tree, representing temporal dependencies, constitutes a novel and important dynamic temporal logic, one that makes it easy to see "what follows when" from the information given in an ordinary English text.
Time And Tame In Language
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Author : Ana Maria Tramunt Ibaños
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing
Release Date : 2014-09-26
Time And Tame In Language written by Ana Maria Tramunt Ibaños and has been published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-26 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book presents a collection of papers on various syntactic and semantic aspects of temporal expression in language. The articles included in this volume were presented at the I International Meeting on Syntax and Semantics and their Interfaces, with the main theme of the event being time. The authors include well-renowned researchers as well as new contributors to the field who present cutting-edge research on a variety of topics, ranging from the fundamental nature of time to formal approaches to specific tense-aspect structures as well as their interaction with other grammatical categories. This volume represents a valuable contribution to the field and will be of interest to scholars studying the representation of time in language as well as to syntacticians and semanticists in general.
The Language Of Time A Reader
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Author : Inderjeet Mani
language : en
Publisher: OUP Oxford
Release Date : 2005-05-27
The Language Of Time A Reader written by Inderjeet Mani and has been published by OUP Oxford this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-05-27 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This reader collects and introduces important work in linguistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, and computational linguistics on the use of linguistic devices in natural languages to situate events in time: whether they are past, present, or future; whether they are real or hypothetical; when an event might have occurred, and how long it could have lasted. In focussing on the treatment and retrieval of time-based information it seeks to lay the foundation for temporally-aware natural language computer processing systems, for example those that process documents on the worldwide web to answer questions or produce summaries. The development of such systems requires the application of technical knowledge from many different disciplines. The book is the first to bring these disciplines together, by means of classic and contemporary papers in four areas: tense, aspect, and event structure; temporal reasoning; the temporal structure of natural language discourse; and temporal annotation. Clear, self-contained editorial introductions to each area provide the necessary technical background for the non-specialist, explaining the underlying connections across disciplines. A wide range of students and professionals in academia and industry will value this book as an introduction and guide to a new and vital technology. The former include researchers, students, and teachers of natural language processing, linguistics, artificial intelligence, computational linguistics, computer science, information retrieval (including the growing speciality of question-answering), library sciences, human-computer interaction, and cognitive science. Those in industry include corporate managers and researchers, software product developers, and engineers in information-intensive companies, such as on-line database and web-service providers.
Natural Language Processing And Information Systems
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Author : Christian Kop
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2006-07-04
Natural Language Processing And Information Systems written by Christian Kop and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-07-04 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, NLDB 2006, held in Klagenfurt, Austria in May/June 2006 as part of UNISCON 2006. The book presents 17 revised full papers and 5 revised short papers, organized in topical sections on concepts extraction and ontology, ontologies and task repository utilization, query processing, information retrieval and dialog processing, and NLP techniques.
Neural Representations Of Natural Language
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Author : Lyndon White
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2018-08-29
Neural Representations Of Natural Language written by Lyndon White and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-08-29 with Technology & Engineering categories.
This book offers an introduction to modern natural language processing using machine learning, focusing on how neural networks create a machine interpretable representation of the meaning of natural language. Language is crucially linked to ideas – as Webster’s 1923 “English Composition and Literature” puts it: “A sentence is a group of words expressing a complete thought”. Thus the representation of sentences and the words that make them up is vital in advancing artificial intelligence and other “smart” systems currently being developed. Providing an overview of the research in the area, from Bengio et al.’s seminal work on a “Neural Probabilistic Language Model” in 2003, to the latest techniques, this book enables readers to gain an understanding of how the techniques are related and what is best for their purposes. As well as a introduction to neural networks in general and recurrent neural networks in particular, this book details the methods used for representing words, senses of words, and larger structures such as sentences or documents. The book highlights practical implementations and discusses many aspects that are often overlooked or misunderstood. The book includes thorough instruction on challenging areas such as hierarchical softmax and negative sampling, to ensure the reader fully and easily understands the details of how the algorithms function. Combining practical aspects with a more traditional review of the literature, it is directly applicable to a broad readership. It is an invaluable introduction for early graduate students working in natural language processing; a trustworthy guide for industry developers wishing to make use of recent innovations; and a sturdy bridge for researchers already familiar with linguistics or machine learning wishing to understand the other.
Cooperative Interfaces To Information Systems
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Author : Leonard Bolc
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Cooperative Interfaces To Information Systems written by Leonard Bolc and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Computers categories.
Information systems are large repositories of factual and inferential knowledge intended to be queried and maintained by a wide variety of users with different backgrounds and work tasks. The community of potential information system users is growing rapidly with advances in hardware and software technology that permit computer/communications support for more and more application areas. Unfortunately, it is often felt that progress in user interface technology has not quite matched that of other areas. Technical solutions such as computer graphics, natural language processing, or man-machine-man communications in office systems are not enough by themselves. They should be complemented by system features that ensure cooperative behavior of the interfaces, thus reducing the training and usage effort required for successful interaction. In analogy to a human dialog partner, we call an interface cooperative if it does not just accept user requests passively or answer them literally, but actively attempts to understand the users' intentions and to help them solve their applica tion problems. This leads to the central question addressed by this book: What makes an information systems interface cooperative, and how do we provide capabilities leading to cooperative interfaces? Many answers are possible. A first aspect concerns the formulation and accep tance of user requests. Many researchers assume that such requests should be formulated in natural language.
The World Time Parallel
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Author : A. A. Rini
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2012-01-19
The World Time Parallel written by A. A. Rini and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-01-19 with Philosophy categories.
Is what could have happened but never did as real as what did happen? What did happen, but isn't happening now, happened at another time. Analogously, one can say that what could have happened happens in another possible world. Whatever their views about the reality of such things as possible worlds, philosophers need to take this analogy seriously. Adriane Rini and Max Cresswell exhibit, in an easy step-by-step manner, the logical structure of temporal and modal discourse, and show that every temporal construction has an exact parallel that requires a language that can refer to worlds, and vice versa. They make precise, in a way which can be articulated and tested, the claim that the parallel is at work behind even ordinary talk about time and modality. The book gives metaphysicians a sturdy framework for the investigation of time and modality - one that does not presuppose any particular metaphysical view.
The Handbook Of Computational Linguistics And Natural Language Processing
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Author : Alexander Clark
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2012-10-04
The Handbook Of Computational Linguistics And Natural Language Processing written by Alexander Clark and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-10-04 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This comprehensive reference work provides an overview of the concepts, methodologies, and applications in computational linguistics and natural language processing (NLP). Features contributions by the top researchers in the field, reflecting the work that is driving the discipline forward Includes an introduction to the major theoretical issues in these fields, as well as the central engineering applications that the work has produced Presents the major developments in an accessible way, explaining the close connection between scientific understanding of the computational properties of natural language and the creation of effective language technologies Serves as an invaluable state-of-the-art reference source for computational linguists and software engineers developing NLP applications in industrial research and development labs of software companies
Natural Language Processing And Chinese Computing
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Author : Wei Lu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-09-23
Natural Language Processing And Chinese Computing written by Wei Lu and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-23 with Computers categories.
This two-volume set of LNAI 13551 and 13552 constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 11th CCF Conference on Natural Language Processing and Chinese Computing, NLPCC 2022, held in Guilin, China, in September 2022. The 62 full papers, 21 poster papers, and 27 workshop papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 327 submissions. They are organized in the following areas: Fundamentals of NLP; Machine Translation and Multilinguality; Machine Learning for NLP; Information Extraction and Knowledge Graph; Summarization and Generation; Question Answering; Dialogue Systems; Social Media and Sentiment Analysis; NLP Applications and Text Mining; and Multimodality and Explainability.
Natural Language Processing And Information Systems
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Author : Paolo Rosso
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2022-06-16
Natural Language Processing And Information Systems written by Paolo Rosso and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-16 with Computers categories.
This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 27th International Conference on Applications of Natural Language to Information Systems, NLDB 2022, held in Valencia, Spain in June 2022. The 28 full papers and 20 short papers were carefully reviewed and selected from 106 submissions. The papers are organized in the following topical sections: Sentiment Analysis and Social Media; Text Classification; Applications; Argumentation; Information Extraction and Linking; User Profiling; Semantics; Language Resources and Evaluation.