Representing Time In Natural Language
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Representing Time In Natural Language
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Author : Alice G. B. ter Meulen
language : en
Publisher: MIT Press
Release Date : 1997
Representing Time In Natural Language written by Alice G. B. ter Meulen and has been published by MIT Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The topic of temporal meaning in texts has received considerable attention in recent years from scholars in linguistics, logical semantics, cognitive science, and artificial intelligence. Representing Time in Natural Language offers a systematic and detailed account of how we use temporal information contained in a text or in discourse to reason about the flow of time, inferring the order in which events happened when this is not explicitly stated. A new representational system is designed to formalize an appropriately context-dependent notion of situated inference. The Dynamic Aspect Tree, representing temporal dependencies, constitutes a novel and important dynamic temporal logic, one that makes it easy to see "what follows when" from the information given in an ordinary English text.
Time Language And Ontology
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Author : M. Joshua Mozersky
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2015
Time Language And Ontology written by M. Joshua Mozersky and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book brings together, in a novel way, an account of the structure of time with an account of our language and thought about time. Joshua Mozersky argues that it is possible to reconcile the human experience of time, which is centred on the present, with the objective conception of time, according to which all moments are intrinsically alike. He defends a temporally centreless ontology along with a tenseless semantics that is compatible with - and indeed helps to explain the need for - tensed language and thought. This theory of time also, it is argued, helps to elucidate the nature of change and temporal passage, neither of which need be denied nor relegated to the realm of subjective experience only. The book addresses a variety of topics including whether the past and future are real; whether temporal passage is a genuine phenomenon or merely a subjective illusion; how the asymmetry of time is to be understood; the nature of representation; how something can change its properties yet retain its identity; and whether objects are three-dimensional or four-dimensional. It is a wide-ranging examination of recent issues in metaphysics, philosophy of language and the philosophy of science and presents a compelling picture of the relationship of human beings to the spatiotemporal world.
Representing Time
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Author : Kasia M. Jaszczolt
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2009-02-26
Representing Time written by Kasia M. Jaszczolt and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-02-26 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Thinking and speaking about time is ridden with puzzles and paradoxes. How do human beings conceptualize time? Why, for example, does the availability of tense vary in different languages? How do the lines of information from tense, aspect, temporal adverbs, and context interact in the mind? Does time describe events? If real time does not flow, where do the concepts of the past, present and future come from? Are they basic concepts or are they composed out of more primitive constituents? And, finally, what is the semantics of expressions with temporal reference? This book offers a new approach to the representation of meaning of temporally-located utterances and discourses. Temporality, the author suggests, should be taken to mean degrees of certainty, understood in turn as degrees of acceptability concerning the eventuality referred to in the speaker's utterance. She presents theoretical arguments and empirical evidence from Indo-European and non-Indo-European languages to show that speakers represent the past, present, and future as degrees of epistemic modality. She argues that temporality can be subsumed under the general label of acceptability or attitude and, rather like the semantic category of evidentiality, founded on the strength of evidence. In the approach she develops, modality provides basic conceptual building blocks for the concept of time and at the same time semantic building blocks for representing temporal expressions in her framework of Default Semantics. Dr Jaszczolt sets the results of her research in the context of linguistic and philosophical work in semantics and pragmatics.
Representing Time
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Author : Katarzyna Jaszczolt
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2009
Representing Time written by Katarzyna Jaszczolt and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book offers a new approach to the representation of meaning of temporally-located utterances and discourses. Temporality, the author suggests, should be taken to mean degrees of certainty, understood in turn as degrees of acceptability concerning the eventuality referred to in the speaker's utterance.
The Time Window Of Language
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Author : Martin Trautwein
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2011-12-22
The Time Window Of Language written by Martin Trautwein and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-22 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Focusing on English and German examples, the study deals with the temporal interpretation of texts in non-aspect languages. The author presumes that a coherent interpretation of a text results from a complex interaction between linguistic and extra-linguistic information. The study presents a unified account of the semantics of temporality which treats the varying grammatical factors (aspectual classes, tense, and discourse structure) in a systematic way.
Time Language Cognition Reality
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Author : Katarzyna Jaszczolt
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2013-06-27
Time Language Cognition Reality written by Katarzyna Jaszczolt and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-06-27 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Linguists and philosophers examine the representation of temporal reference; the interaction of the temporal information from tense, aspect, modality, and context; and the representation of the temporal relations between facts, events, states, propositions, and utterances. They link this to current research in psychology and anthropology.
Representation Learning For Natural Language Processing
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Author : Zhiyuan Liu
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-07-03
Representation Learning For Natural Language Processing written by Zhiyuan Liu and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-03 with Computers categories.
This open access book provides an overview of the recent advances in representation learning theory, algorithms and applications for natural language processing (NLP). It is divided into three parts. Part I presents the representation learning techniques for multiple language entries, including words, phrases, sentences and documents. Part II then introduces the representation techniques for those objects that are closely related to NLP, including entity-based world knowledge, sememe-based linguistic knowledge, networks, and cross-modal entries. Lastly, Part III provides open resource tools for representation learning techniques, and discusses the remaining challenges and future research directions. The theories and algorithms of representation learning presented can also benefit other related domains such as machine learning, social network analysis, semantic Web, information retrieval, data mining and computational biology. This book is intended for advanced undergraduate and graduate students, post-doctoral fellows, researchers, lecturers, and industrial engineers, as well as anyone interested in representation learning and natural language processing.
Linguistic Meaning Meets Linguistic Form
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Author : Patrick J. Duffley
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2020
Linguistic Meaning Meets Linguistic Form written by Patrick J. Duffley and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book steers a middle course between the logical and cognitive approaches to semantics. Patrick Duffley argues for a radical revision of the semantics/pragmatics interface, proposing that the dividing line be drawn between content that is linguistically encoded and content that is not encoded but still communicated.
Advanced Artificial Intelligence Second Edition
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Author : Zhongzhi Shi
language : en
Publisher: World Scientific
Release Date : 2019-08-05
Advanced Artificial Intelligence Second Edition written by Zhongzhi Shi and has been published by World Scientific this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-08-05 with Computers categories.
The joint breakthrough of big data, cloud computing and deep learning has made artificial intelligence (AI) the new focus in the international arena. AI is a branch of computer science, developing intelligent machine with imitating, extending and augmenting human intelligence through artificial means and techniques to realize intelligent behaviour.This comprehensive compendium, consisting of 15 chapters, captures the updated achievements of AI. It is completely revised to reflect the current researches in the field, through numerous techniques and strategies to address the impending challenges facing computer scientists today.The unique volume is useful for senior or graduate students in the information field and related tertiary specialities. It is also a suitable reference text for professionals, researchers, and academics in AI, machine learning, electrical & electronic engineering and biocomputing.
Time And The Shape Of History
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Author : P. J. Corfield
language : en
Publisher: Yale University Press
Release Date : 2007-01-01
Time And The Shape Of History written by P. J. Corfield and has been published by Yale University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-01-01 with Science categories.
In this lively comedy of love and money in sixteenth-century Venice, Bassanio wants to impress the wealthy heiress Portia, but lacks the necessary funds. He turns to his merchant friend, Antonio, who is forced to borrow from Shylock, a Jewish moneylender. When Antonio's business falters, repayment becomes impossible, and by the terms of the loan agreement, Shylock is able to demand a pound of Antonio's flesh. Portia cleverly intervenes, and all ends well (except of course for Shylock).