The Time Window Of Language
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The Time Window Of Language
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Author : Martin Trautwein
language : en
Publisher: Walter de Gruyter
Release Date : 2011-12-22
The Time Window Of Language written by Martin Trautwein and has been published by Walter de Gruyter this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-12-22 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Focusing on English and German examples, the study deals with the temporal interpretation of texts in non-aspect languages. The author presumes that a coherent interpretation of a text results from a complex interaction between linguistic and extra-linguistic information. The study presents a unified account of the semantics of temporality which treats the varying grammatical factors (aspectual classes, tense, and discourse structure) in a systematic way.
The Critical Period Hypothesis
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Author : Sabine Starzer
language : en
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
Release Date : 2013-11-25
The Critical Period Hypothesis written by Sabine Starzer and has been published by GRIN Verlag this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-25 with Literary Collections categories.
Seminar paper from the year 2013 in the subject English Language and Literature Studies - Linguistics, grade: 2, University of Vienna (Anglistik), course: Proseminar Linguistik, language: English, abstract: When it comes to learning a language, there seems to be a certain period in which a child must acquire the basic competences in order to be able to understand and use language. This ́window of opportunity ́ is also called ́critical period ́ and has been the subject of much research over the last decades. Especially for future language teachers, the question about the existence of such a critical period for second language acquisition as well arises. This paper examines the actual research on critical period for second language acquisition and sheds light on the on-going academic discussion. The paper proceeds as follows: section 2 provides a short description of the Critical Period Hypothesis and sheds light on biological and neurological aspects of language learning. In section 3 recent findings of research according to critical periods in second language acquisition are presented and discussed. Section 4 contains a list with personal characteristics and strategies having emerged out of different studies. These characteristics might help second language learners to gain more success in their goal to reach the status of native speakers. This of course can also be useful for language teachers who want to support their learners. Section 5 provides a short conclusion.
Second Language Acquisition And The Critical Period Hypothesis
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Author : David Birdsong
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 1999
Second Language Acquisition And The Critical Period Hypothesis written by David Birdsong and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1999 with Education categories.
Second Language Acquisition and the Critical Period Hypothesis is the only book on the market to provide a diverse collection of perspectives, from experienced researchers, on the role of the Critical Period Hypothesis in second language acquisition. It is widely believed that age effects in both first and second language acquisition are developmental in nature, with native levels of attainment in both to be though possible only if learning began before the closure of a "window of opportunity" – a critical or sensitive period. These seven chapters explore this idea at length, with each contribution acting as an authoritative look at various domains of inquiry in second language acquisition, including syntax, morphology, phonetics/phonology, Universal Grammar, and neurofunctional factors. By presenting readers with an evenly-balanced take on the topic with viewpoints both for and against the Critical Period Hypothesis, this book is the ideal guide to understanding this critical body of research in SLA, for students and researchers in Applied Linguistics and Second Language Acquisition.
Language Learning In Children Who Are Deaf And Hard Of Hearing
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Author : Susan R. Easterbrooks
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Release Date : 2020-11-03
Language Learning In Children Who Are Deaf And Hard Of Hearing written by Susan R. Easterbrooks and has been published by Oxford University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-11-03 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This volume is the long-awaited revision of the only textbook on primary language instruction written with classroom teachers of deaf and hard-of-hearing children (TODs) in mind. It builds on the work of the previous edition, describing the experiences of four real TODs and demonstrates practical application of the concepts discussed. Up-to-date chapters on theory of language learning, assessment, and evidence-based practice supplement specific examples of real cases in the field. Avoiding promotion of one teaching philosophy over another, this volume demonstrates the commonalities across classroom language instruction approaches for DHH children and helps guide teachers to enhance learning outcomes.
The Structure Of Spoken Language
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Author : Philippe Martin
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2015-11-26
The Structure Of Spoken Language written by Philippe Martin and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-11-26 with Foreign Language Study categories.
An innovative and unified grammar of sentence intonation, applied to six Romance languages (French, Italian, Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan and Romanian).
Language Development And Age
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Author : Julia Herschensohn
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2007-10-18
Language Development And Age written by Julia Herschensohn and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-10-18 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
This book was first published in 2007. The anecdotal view of language acquisition is that children learn language with apparent ease, no instruction and in very little time, while adults find learning a new language to be cognitively challenging, labour intensive and time-consuming. In this book Herschensohn examines whether early childhood is a critical period for language acquisition after which individuals cannot learn a language as native speakers. She argues that a first language is largely susceptible to age constraints, showing major deficits past the age of twelve. Second-language acquisition also shows age effects, but with a range of individual differences. The competence of expert adult learners, the unequal achievements of child learners of second languages, and the lack of consistent evidence for a maturational cut-off, all cast doubt on a critical period for second-language acquisition.
Language Evolution
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Author : Rudolf P. Botha
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 2016-03-03
Language Evolution written by Rudolf P. Botha and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-03-03 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Addresses the question: how can we unravel the evolution of language, given that there is no direct evidence about it?
Perspectives On Formulaic Language
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Author : David Wood
language : en
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
Release Date : 2010-02-11
Perspectives On Formulaic Language written by David Wood and has been published by Bloomsbury Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-02-11 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
Formulaic sequences are more or less fixed word combinations such as idioms, collocations, lexical bundles, phrasal verbs and so on. Study in this area has grown over the past fifteen years, despite the fact that there are no academic journals or conferences devoted to this topic. This edited collection is an attempt to draw together the diverse international work on formulaic language. It features an introduction by Dr. Regina Weinert, a pioneer and expert in the study of formulaic language in acquisition. The authors have an international scope, from China and Italy to Armenia, Canada and Britain. The book is divided into three sections: Formulaic Language in Acquisition and Pedagogy; Identification and Psycholinguistic Processing of Formulaic Language; Communicative Functions of Formulaic Language. The topics of the papers are as varied as the geographic locations of the authors - critical discourse analysis, psycholinguistics, memorization, corpus analysis, specific languages such as Arabic, and even Beowulf and blogging language. This volume represents a step forward for the study of formulaic language, offering diverse, often previously unexplored perspectives from international researchers, advancing knowledge in innovative ways. It makes a fresh contribution the growing number of works on this topic and will appeal to researchers and academics working with formulaic language throughout linguistics.
At The Doors Of Lexical Access The Importance Of The First 250 Milliseconds In Reading
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Author : Jon Andoni Dunabeitia
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers E-books
Release Date : 2014-09-30
At The Doors Of Lexical Access The Importance Of The First 250 Milliseconds In Reading written by Jon Andoni Dunabeitia and has been published by Frontiers E-books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-30 with Psychology categories.
Correct word identification and processing is a prerequisite for accurate reading, and decades of psycholinguistic and neuroscientific research have shown that the magical moments of visual word recognition are short-lived and markedly fast. The time window in which a given letter string passes from being a mere sequence of printed curves and strokes to acquiring the word status takes around one third of a second. In a few hundred milliseconds, a skilled reader recognizes an isolated word and carries out a number of underlying processes, such as the encoding of letter position and letter identity, and lexico-semantic information retrieval. However, the precise manner (and order) in which these processes occur (or co-occur) is a matter of contention subject to empirical research. There’s no agreement regarding the precise timing of some of the essential processes that guide visual word processing, such as precise letter identification, letter position assignment or sub-word unit processing (bigrams, trigrams, syllables, morphemes), among others. Which is the sequence of processes that lead to lexical access? How do these and other processes interact with each other during the early moments of word processing? Do these processes occur in a serial fashion or do they take place in parallel? Are these processes subject to mutual interaction principles? Is feedback allowed for within the earliest stages of word identification? And ultimately, when does the reader’s brain effectively identify a given word? A vast number of questions remain open, and this Research Topic will cover some of them, giving the readership the opportunity to understand how the scientific community faces the problem of modeling the early stages of word identification according to the latest neuroscientific findings. The present Research Topic aimed to combine recent experimental evidence on early word processing from different techniques together with comprehensive reviews of the current work directions, in order to create a landmark forum in which experts in the field defined the state of the art and future directions. We were willing to receive submissions of empirical as well as theoretical and review articles based on different computational and neuroscience-oriented methodologies. We especially encouraged researchers primarily using electrophysiological or magnetoencephalographic techniques as well as eye-tracking to participate, given that these techniques provide us with the opportunity to uncover the mysteries of lexical access allowing for a fine-grained time-course analysis. The main focus of interest concerned the processes that are held within the initial 250-300 milliseconds after word presentation, covering areas that link basic visuo-attentional systems with linguistic mechanisms.
Language Cognition And Gender
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Author : Alan Garnham
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-08-08
Language Cognition And Gender written by Alan Garnham and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-08-08 with Science (General) categories.
Gender inequality remains an issue of high relevance, and controversy, in society. Previous research shows that language contributes to gender inequality in various ways: Gender-related information is transmitted through formal and semantic features of language, such as the grammatical category of gender, through gender-related connotations of role names (e.g., manager, secretary), and through customs of denoting social groups with derogatory vs. neutral names. Both as a formal system and as a means of communication, language passively reflects culture-specific social conditions. In active use it can also be used to express and, potentially, perpetuate those conditions. The questions addressed in the contributions to this Frontiers Special Topic include: • how languages shape the cognitive representations of gender • how features of languages correspond with gender equality in different societies • how language contributes to social behaviour towards the sexes • how gender equality can be promoted through strategies for gender-fair language use These questions are explored both developmentally (across the life span from childhood to old age) and in adults. The contributions present work conducted across a wide range of languages, including some studies that make cross-linguistic comparisons. Among the contributors are both cognitive and social psychologists and linguists, all with an excellent research standing. The studies employ a wide range of empirical methods: from surveys to electro-physiology. The papers in the Special Topic present a wide range of complimentary studies, which will make a substantial contribution to understanding in this important area.