Topographic Effects In Stratified Flows

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Topographic Effects In Stratified Flows

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Author : Peter G. Baines
language : en
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Release Date : 1998

Topographic Effects In Stratified Flows written by Peter G. Baines and has been published by Cambridge University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1998 with Mathematics categories.

With an emphasis on both theory and experiment, this text describes the behaviour of homogeneous and density-stratified fluids over and around topography. In examining the similarities between the flow of a river over a barrier or weir and the flow of the atmosphere over a mountain range, this book presents a comprehensive synthesis of this topic in terms suitable for scientists, engineers, teachers and students of fluid dynamics. With this book, Professor Baines makes a notable contribution to the fields of fluid mechanics and geophysical fluid dynamics. The text will be a great asset to graduate and advanced undergraduate students, as well as to research professionals.

Environmental Stratified Flows

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Author : Roger Grimshaw
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2006-04-11

Environmental Stratified Flows written by Roger Grimshaw and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2006-04-11 with Science categories.

The dynamics of flows in density-stratified fluids has been and remains now an important topic for scientific enquiry. Such flows arise in many contexts, ranging from industrial settings to the oceanic and atmospheric environments. It is the latter topic which is the focus of this book. Both the ocean and atmosphere are characterised by the basic vertical density stratification, and this feature can affect the dynamics on all scales ranging from the micro-scale to the planetary scale. The aim of this book is to provide a “state-of-the-art” account of stratified flows as they are relevant to the ocean and atmosphere with a primary focus on meso-scale phenomena; that is, on phenomena whose time and space scales are such that the density stratification is a dominant effect, so that frictional and diffusive effects on the one hand and the effects of the earth’s rotation on the other hand can be regarded as of less importance. This in turn leads to an emphasis on internal waves.

Shallow Flows

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Author : Gerhard H. Jirka
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2004-09-15

Shallow Flows written by Gerhard H. Jirka and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-09-15 with Science categories.

This text presents the key findings of the International Symposium held in Delft in 2003, which explored the process of shallow flows. Shallow flows are found in lowland rivers, lakes, estuaries, bays, coastal areas and in density-stratified atmospheres, and may be observed in puddles, as in oceans. They impact on the life and work of a w

Dynamics Of Vortex Structures In A Stratified Rotating Fluid

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Author : Mikhail A. Sokolovskiy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-08-28

Dynamics Of Vortex Structures In A Stratified Rotating Fluid written by Mikhail A. Sokolovskiy and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-28 with Science categories.

This book presents an extensive analysis of the dynamics of discrete and distributed baroclinic vortices in a multi-layer fluid that characterizes the main features of the large and mesoscales dynamics of the atmosphere and the ocean. It widely covers the case of hetonic situations as well as the case of intrathermocline vortices that are familiar in oceanographic and of recognized importance for heat and mass transfers. Extensive typology of such baroclinic eddies is made and analysed with the help of theoretical development and numerical computations. As a whole it gives an overview and synthesis of all the many situations that can be encountered based on the long history of the theory of vortex motion and on many new situations. It gives a renewed insight on the extraordinary richness of vortex dynamics and open the way for new theoretical, observational and experimental advances. This volume is of interest to experts in physical oceanography, meteorology, hydrodynamics, dynamic systems, involved in theoretical, experimental and applied research and lecturers, post-graduate students, and students in these fields.

The Atmosphere Over Mountainous Regions

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Author : Miguel A. C. Teixeira
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2016-11-09

The Atmosphere Over Mountainous Regions written by Miguel A. C. Teixeira and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-09 with categories.

Mountainous regions occupy a significant fraction of the Earth's continents and are characterized by specific meteorological phenomena operating on a wide range of scales. Being a home to large human populations, the impact of mountains on weather and hydrology has significant practical consequences. Mountains modulate the climate and create micro-climates, induce different types of thermally and dynamically driven circulations, generate atmospheric waves of various scales (known as mountain waves), and affect the boundary layer characteristics and the dispersion of pollutants. At the local scale, strong downslope winds linked with mountain waves (such as the Foehn and Bora) can cause severe damage. Mountain wave breaking in the high atmosphere is a source of Clear Air Turbulence, and lee wave rotors are a major near-surface aviation hazard. Mountains also act to block strongly stratified air layers, leading to the formation of valley cold air-pools (with implications for road safety, pollution, crop damage, etc.) and gap flows. Presently, neither the fine-scale structure of orographic precipitation nor the initiation of deep convection by mountainous terrain can be resolved adequately by regional-to global-scale models, requiring appropriate downscaling or parameterization. Additionally, the shortest mountain waves need to be parameterized in global weather and climate prediction models, because they exert a drag on the atmosphere. This drag not only decelerates the global atmospheric circulation, but also affects temperatures in the polar stratosphere, which control ozone depletion. It is likely that both mountain wave drag and orographic precipitation lead to non-trivial feedbacks in climate change scenarios. Measurement campaigns such as MAP, T-REX, Materhorn, COLPEX and i-Box provided a wealth of mountain meteorology field data, which is only starting to be explored. Recent advances in computing power allow numerical simulations of unprecedented resolution, e.g. LES modelling of rotors, mountain wave turbulence, and boundary layers in mountainous regions. This will lead to important advances in understanding these phenomena, as well as mixing and pollutant dispersion over complex terrain, or the onset and breakdown of cold air pools. On the other hand, recent analyses of global circulation biases point towards missing drag, especially in the southern hemisphere, which may be due to processes currently neglected in parameterizations. A better understanding of flow over orography is also crucial for a better management of wind power and a more effective use of data assimilation over complex terrain. This Research Topic includes contributions that aim to shed light on a number of these issues, using theory, numerical modelling, field measurements, and laboratory experiments.

Particulate Gravity Currents

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Author : W. D. McCaffrey
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2009-03-05

Particulate Gravity Currents written by W. D. McCaffrey and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-03-05 with Science categories.

This volume arises from the conference Sediment Transport andDeposition by Particulate Gravity Currents held in the UK in 1998.The field of particulate gravity currents ranges from turbiditycurrents in the oceans, lakes and reservoirs to pyroclastic densitycurrents and avalanches, debris flows and lahars, grainflows,powder snow avalanches, effluent dispersal and ancient gravitycurrent deposits. Although the sub-division of particulate gravity currents intodiscrete sub-categories (such as grain flows, turbidity currents ordebris flows) provides a convenient descriptive shorthand, itundermines the sense of process continuum needed to describe manynatural flows. The structure of this volume reflects an integrativeaim, with papers grouped by research approach. The first section ofthe book contains six papers on theoretical and numerical modellingof a range of flow types. The following four papers are focusedupon combined theoretical and experimental modelling approaches.The next section contains four papers describing experimentalmodelling and the final section includes five papers detailingfield-based studies. The volume stands as a testament to the broad range of researchcarried out on particulate gravity currents, and hints at theenhanced rate of progress that is likely to be achieved throughfurther integrated studies. If you are a member of the International Association ofSedimentologists, for purchasing details, please see:http://www.iasnet.org/publications/details.asp?code=SP31

Mountain Weather Research And Forecasting

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Author : Fotini K. Chow
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-08-30

Mountain Weather Research And Forecasting written by Fotini K. Chow and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-08-30 with Science categories.

This book provides readers with a broad understanding of the fundamental principles driving atmospheric flow over complex terrain and provides historical context for recent developments and future direction for researchers and forecasters. The topics in this book are expanded from those presented at the Mountain Weather Workshop, which took place in Whistler, British Columbia, Canada, August 5-8, 2008. The inspiration for the workshop came from the American Meteorological Society (AMS) Mountain Meteorology Committee and was designed to bridge the gap between the research and forecasting communities by providing a forum for extended discussion and joint education. For academic researchers, this book provides some insight into issues important to the forecasting community. For the forecasting community, this book provides training on fundamentals of atmospheric processes over mountainous regions, which are notoriously difficult to predict. The book also helps to provide a better understanding of current research and forecast challenges, including the latest contributions and advancements to the field. The book begins with an overview of mountain weather and forecasting chal- lenges specific to complex terrain, followed by chapters that focus on diurnal mountain/valley flows that develop under calm conditions and dynamically-driven winds under strong forcing. The focus then shifts to other phenomena specific to mountain regions: Alpine foehn, boundary layer and air quality issues, orographic precipitation processes, and microphysics parameterizations. Having covered the major physical processes, the book shifts to observation and modelling techniques used in mountain regions, including model configuration and parameterizations such as turbulence, and model applications in operational forecasting. The book concludes with a discussion of the current state of research and forecasting in complex terrain, including a vision of how to bridge the gap in the future.

Environmental Stratified Flows

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Author : Vincenzo Armenio
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2005-11-24

Environmental Stratified Flows written by Vincenzo Armenio and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-11-24 with Science categories.

This book covers the theory of stratified flows, from basic concepts to recent developments in environmental fluid mechanics. State-of-the-art numerical techniques suited for stratified flows are given, along with results of recent research in the areas of environmental stratified flows. The book offers a unified view of stratified turbulent flows, from small-scale mixing to large-scale environmental phenomena, including detailed discussion on interaction between turbulence and internal gravity waves.

Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling

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Author : Roger A. Pielke
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2002

Mesoscale Meteorological Modeling written by Roger A. Pielke and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Mathematics categories.

This second edition provides an update of the field of mesoscale atmospheric modeling. The topic of mesoscale modeling is developed from basic concepts in atmospheric physics. New numerical and analytical tools are introduced. Problem sets are provided to test the comprehension of the material introduced in the text.

Ormen Lange An Integrated Study For Safe Field Development In The Storegga Submarine Area

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Author : A. Solheim
language : en
Publisher: Newnes
Release Date : 2012-12-02

Ormen Lange An Integrated Study For Safe Field Development In The Storegga Submarine Area written by A. Solheim and has been published by Newnes this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Science categories.

Great effort has been undertaken to investigate potential geohazards in relation to the development of the Ormen Lange gas field offshore Mid-Norway. The field is located in the scar left after the giant, tsunami-generating Storegga Slide, which occurred roughly 8200 years ago, and the slide risk has consequently received particular focus. The studies have been multi-disciplinary in character, and have involved a number of companies, universities, and research institutions. The results of the project led to a significant advance in the understanding of the Storegga Slide in particular, and submarine slope instability in general, and played an important role in the approval of field development by Norwegian authorities. This book comprises 26 individual contributions representing the wide span of topics addressed in the project. The main scope is to provide a state-of-the-art report on geohazard investigations in a high latitude continental margin setting. Most of the data and results published in this book would not have reached beyond the confidential report stage unless the license partners of the Ormen Lange license had agreed that this information deserves a wider audience. - Multidisciplinary and covers most themes treated in slope stability studies prior to the field development phase - Provides a link between basic research and applied geohazard studies, with direct relevance for risk evaluation in relation to field development activities, such as pipeline design, drilling of wells, structure foundation etc. - A state-of-the-art report on geohazard investigations in a high latitude continental margin setting in relation to field development activities