Towards A New Neuromorphology
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Towards A New Neuromorphology
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Author : Rudolf Nieuwenhuys
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2015-12-28
Towards A New Neuromorphology written by Rudolf Nieuwenhuys and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-12-28 with Medical categories.
This book demonstrates that the systematic study of gene expression patterns in embryonic and adult brains, in combination with selected data from earlier studies, can pave the way for a new neuromorphology, the most salient features of which may be summarized as follows: (1) Causal analysis of molecular patterning at neural plate and early neural tube stages has shown that the CNS is essentially organized into transverse neural segments or neuromeres and longitudinal zones which follow the curved axis of the brain. (2) The FMUs initially represent thin neuroepithelial fields; in the course of further development they are transformed into three-dimensional radial units, extending from the ventricular surface to the meningeal surface of the brain. (3) The principal histogenetic processes, including cellular proliferation, cell migration and differentiation, essentially take place within the confines of these radial units, controlled by characteristic sets of developmental regulatory genes. (4) Although most developing neurons migrate radially and settle within their own FMU, at many locations neuroblasts leave the FMU where they were produced and migrate tangentially to other nearby or remote territories, colonizing parts of foreign FMUs. (5) Many structural complexes in the adult brain, including the cerebral and cerebellar cortices, are the products of radial and tangential intermingling of migrated cell contingents. (6) By using appropriate molecular markers, all neuron types in the adult CNS can be traced back to a specific progenitor zone within a specific FMU, and the progeny of any FMU can be traced to their final positions with the help of selective labeling approaches. (7) Early outgrowing axons form bundles, which tend to pass close to the border zones of the radial units. By means of their molecularly diversely tuned growth cones, these extending axons decide how to behave at each boundary they encounter, sometimes even reorienting at right angles. Collectively these early axonal bundles form a checkerboard-like scaffold, which accentuates the molecular regionalization of the CNS and leads to the formation of topographically ordered synaptic fields. The book covers all of these aspects in detail, providing a morphologic model (blueprint) that highlights the natural coordinates of CNS structure resulting from the conserved molecularly controlled shaping phenomena within morphogenetic fields.
Brains Through Time
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Author : Georg F. Striedter
language : en
Publisher: Oxford University Press, USA
Release Date : 2020
Brains Through Time written by Georg F. Striedter and has been published by Oxford University Press, USA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020 with Science categories.
"Much is conserved in vertebrate evolution, but significant changes in the nervous system occurred at the origin of vertebrates and in most of the major vertebrate lineages. This book examines these innovations and relates them to evolutionary changes in other organ systems, animal behavior, and ecological conditions at the time. The resulting perspective clarifies what makes the major vertebrate lineages unique and helps explain their varying degrees of ecological success. One of the book's major conclusions is that vertebrate nervous systems are more diverse than commonly assumed, at least among neurobiologists. Examples of important innovations include not only the emergence of novel brain regions, such as the cerebellum and neocortex, but also major changes in neuronal circuitry and functional organization. A second major conclusion is that many of the apparent similarities in vertebrate nervous systems resulted from convergent evolution, rather than inheritance from a common ancestor. For example, brain size and complexity increased numerous times, in many vertebrate lineages. In conjunction with these changes, olfactory inputs to the telencephalic pallium were reduced in several different lineages, and this reduction was associated with the emergence of pallial regions that process non-olfactory sensory inputs. These conclusions cast doubt on the widely held assumption that all vertebrate nervous systems are built according to a single, common plan. Instead, the book encourages readers to view both species similarities and differences as fundamental to a comprehensive understanding of nervous systems. Evolution; Phylogeny; Neuroscience; Neurobiology; Neuroanatomy; Functional Morphology; Paleoecology; Homology; Endocast; Brain"--
Vital Models
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2017-08-15
Vital Models written by and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-08-15 with Medical categories.
Vital Models: The Making and Use of Models in the Brain Sciences, Volume 233, a new volume in the Progress of Brain Research series, explores the history and use of 3D models of the brain in research and teaching, the development of digital models and simulations of the brain and the development and use of animal models. New to this volume are chapters on the Epistemic virtues of visualization: The Living Brain Revisited, Slicing the Cortex to Study Mental Illness: Alois Alzheimer’s Pictures of Equivalence, and Opaque Models: Using Drugs and Dreams to Explore the Neurobiological Basis of Mental Phenomena. This timely volume helps both scientists and students better understand the variety, strengths, weaknesses and applicability of models in neuroscience and psychiatry. Presents a timely update on the topic of brain research and modeling techniques Contains sections from true authorities in the field
In The Footsteps Of The Prosomeric Model
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Author : Matías Hidalgo-Sánchez
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2022-10-17
In The Footsteps Of The Prosomeric Model written by Matías Hidalgo-Sánchez and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-17 with Science categories.
Evolution Of Neurosensory Cells And Systems
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Author : Bernd Fritzsch
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-05-08
Evolution Of Neurosensory Cells And Systems written by Bernd Fritzsch and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-05-08 with Science categories.
This book is an overview of primary sensory maps of vertebrates, characterized by continuous and discrete properties. The eight primary sensory maps of vertebrates have unique features and use distinct molecular cues, cell cycle exit, and activity combinations during development, regeneration, and plasticity. As an introduction and overview, the book provides a short overview for all eight sensory senses and presents through evolution and gene regulatory networks, the molecular cues needed for sensory processing. Independent contributions are included for olfactory, vision, trigeminal, taste, vestibular, auditory, lateral line, and electroreception.
The Chick Brain In Stereotaxic Coordinates And Alternate Stains
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Author : Luis Puelles
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2018-11-30
The Chick Brain In Stereotaxic Coordinates And Alternate Stains written by Luis Puelles and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-30 with Medical categories.
This atlas – and its accompanying text - is the most comprehensive work on avian neuroanatomy available so far. It identifies more than 900 hundred structures (versus ca. 250 in previous avian atlases), 180 of them for the first time. It correlates avian and mammalian neuroanatomy on the basis of homologies and applies mammalian terms to homologous avian structures. This is the first atlas that represents the fundamental histogenetic domains of the vertebrate neuroaxis on the basis of sound fate-mapping and gene expression data. This results in a substantial increase in accuracy of delineations. Developmental molecular biologists will find it easier to extrapolate early neural tube patterns into mature structures. The modern trend to shift avian neuroanatomical nomenclature toward mammalian terminology by reference to postulated homologies has been expanded to the entire brain, but is not yet complete. This creates a new standard for comparative cross-reference, which can also be applied to reptilian-mammalian comparisons. Color photographs and matching diagrams of 65 coronal, 23 sagittal and 9 horizontal 140 micron-thick sections reacted histochemically for acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Thoroughly revised drawings. Updated view of the pallium, including the new concept of homology between the lateral pallium and the mammalian claustro-insular complex. Extensive introductory text and bibliography, presenting the background information, methodology and justification of delineations. For the first time in any species, this atlas depicts the fate-mapped natural embryonic boundaries in the postnatal brain. For the first time, we present color images of all the 6 histological stains (AChE, Nissl, TH, calbindin, calretinin and parvalbumin) on which delineations are based (accompanying Expert Consult eBook). Includes the Expert Consult eBook version, compatible with PC, Mac, and most mobile devices and eReaders, which allows readers to browse, search, and interact with content. The eBook also contains annotatable AI files of diagrams for use by researchers.
New Insights Into Neurodevelopmental Biology And Autistic Spectrum Disorders
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Author : Hongbao Cao
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-10-03
New Insights Into Neurodevelopmental Biology And Autistic Spectrum Disorders written by Hongbao Cao and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-10-03 with Science categories.
Clinical Neuroembryology
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Author : Hans J. ten Donkelaar
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-09-11
Clinical Neuroembryology written by Hans J. ten Donkelaar and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-09-11 with Medical categories.
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the development of the human central nervous system (CNS) in the context of its many developmental disorders due to genetic, environmental and hypoxic/ischaemic causes. The book contains three general, introductory chapters in which an overview of the development of the human brain and spinal cord, a summary of mechanisms of development as obtained in experimental studies in various invertebrates and vertebrates, and an overview of the causes of congenital malformations are presented. The developmental disorders of the human brain and spinal cord are presented in a regional, more or less segmental way, starting with neurulation and neural tube defects, and ending with developmental disorders of the cerebral cortex. These chapters are abundantly illustrated in colour with carefully chosen clinical case studies with imaging data, and when available, postmortem verification of the developmental disorders involved. In the third edition, more emphasis has been given to the developmental ontology based on the prosomeric approach, and fetal development. Prenatal diagnosis by ultrasound, MRI and DTI, and classifications of developmental disorders have been updated. A number of new Clinical Cases have been included. Several new co-authors participate in various chapters. The book is intended for advanced medical students, and all those clinicians working with children and adults with developmental disorders of the CNS. Unique to the book is the integration of data from human embryology, experimental and molecular findings in mice in particular, imaging and developmental neuropathology.
Evolution Of Nervous Systems
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Author : Georg F. Striedter
language : en
Publisher: Academic Press
Release Date : 2016-11-23
Evolution Of Nervous Systems written by Georg F. Striedter and has been published by Academic Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-11-23 with Science categories.
Evolution of Nervous Systems, Second Edition, Four Volume Set is a unique, major reference which offers the gold standard for those interested both in evolution and nervous systems. All biology only makes sense when seen in the light of evolution, and this is especially true for the nervous system. All animals have nervous systems that mediate their behaviors, many of them species specific, yet these nervous systems all evolved from the simple nervous system of a common ancestor. To understand these nervous systems, we need to know how they vary and how this variation emerged in evolution. In the first edition of this important reference work, over 100 distinguished neuroscientists assembled the current state-of-the-art knowledge on how nervous systems have evolved throughout the animal kingdom. This second edition remains rich in detail and broad in scope, outlining the changes in brain and nervous system organization that occurred from the first invertebrates and vertebrates, to present day fishes, reptiles, birds, mammals, and especially primates, including humans. The book also includes wholly new content, fully updating the chapters in the previous edition and offering brand new content on current developments in the field. Each of the volumes has been carefully restructured to offer expanded coverage of non-mammalian taxa, mammals, primates, and the human nervous system. The basic principles of brain evolution are discussed, as are mechanisms of change. The reader can select from chapters on highly specific topics or those that provide an overview of current thinking and approaches, making this an indispensable work for students and researchers alike. Presents a broad range of topics, ranging from genetic control of development in invertebrates, to human cognition, offering a one-stop resource for the evolution of nervous systems throughout the animal kingdom Incorporates the expertise of over 100 outstanding investigators who provide their conclusions in the context of the latest experimental results Presents areas of disagreement and consensus views that provide a holistic view of the subjects under discussion
Recent Developments In Neuroanatomical Terminology
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Author : Hans J. ten Donkelaar
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2019-11-01
Recent Developments In Neuroanatomical Terminology written by Hans J. ten Donkelaar and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-11-01 with categories.
The present series of papers are meant to provoke discussion on neuroanatomical terminology. After publication of the Terminologia Neuroanatomica (TNA 2017; http://FIPAT.library.dal.ca) and its recent ratification by the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA), August 9 in London (UK), several neuroscientists were invited to give their views on this new official IFAA terminology. This resulted in 12 papers and one commentary on the following topics: (A) Further development of a developmental ontology; (B) Common terminology for cerebral cortex and thalamus; (C) White matter tracts; and (D) Neuron types. The suggestions made to improve the TNA will be considered in the next version of the TNA. Neuroanatomical terminology should remain an actively ongoing endeavor and concerns all using this nomenclature, whether in Latin, English or other languages.