Towards The Perception Of Externalised Auditory Images Using Binaural Technology
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The Technology Of Binaural Understanding
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Author : Jens Blauert
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2020-08-12
The Technology Of Binaural Understanding written by Jens Blauert and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-08-12 with Science categories.
Sound, devoid of meaning, would not matter to us. It is the information sound conveys that helps the brain to understand its environment. Sound and its underlying meaning are always associated with time and space. There is no sound without spatial properties, and the brain always organizes this information within a temporal–spatial framework. This book is devoted to understanding the importance of meaning for spatial and related further aspects of hearing, including cross-modal inference. People, when exposed to acoustic stimuli, do not react directly to what they hear but rather to what they hear means to them. This semiotic maxim may not always apply, for instance, when the reactions are reflexive. But, where it does apply, it poses a major challenge to the builders of models of the auditory system. Take, for example, an auditory model that is meant to be implemented on a robotic agent for autonomous search-&-rescue actions. Or think of a system that can perform judgments on the sound quality of multimedia-reproduction systems. It becomes immediately clear that such a system needs • Cognitive capabilities, including substantial inherent knowledge • The ability to integrate information across different sensory modalities To realize these functions, the auditory system provides a pair of sensory organs, the two ears, and the means to perform adequate preprocessing of the signals provided by the ears. This is realized in the subcortical parts of the auditory system. In the title of a prior book, the term Binaural Listening is used to indicate a focus on sub-cortical functions. Psychoacoustics and auditory signal processing contribute substantially to this area. The preprocessed signals are then forwarded to the cortical parts of the auditory system where, among other things, recognition, classification, localization, scene analysis, assignment of meaning, quality assessment, and action planning take place. Also, information from different sensory modalities is integrated at this level. Between sub-cortical and cortical regions of the auditory system, numerous feedback loops exist that ultimately support the high complexity and plasticity of the auditory system. The current book concentrates on these cognitive functions. Instead of processing signals, processing symbols is now the predominant modeling task. Substantial contributions to the field draw upon the knowledge acquired by cognitive psychology. The keyword Binaural Understanding in the book title characterizes this shift. Both books, The Technology of Binaural Listening and the current one, have been stimulated and supported by AABBA, an open research group devoted to the development and application of models of binaural hearing. The current book is dedicated to technologies that help explain, facilitate, apply, and support various aspects of binaural understanding. It is organized into five parts, each containing three to six chapters in order to provide a comprehensive overview of this emerging area. Each chapter was thoroughly reviewed by at least two anonymous, external experts. The first part deals with the psychophysical and physiological effects of Forming and Interpreting Aural Objects as well as the underlying models. The fundamental concepts of reflexive and reflective auditory feedback are introduced. Mechanisms of binaural attention and attention switching are covered—as well as how auditory Gestalt rules facilitate binaural understanding. A general blackboard architecture is introduced as an example of how machines can learn to form and interpret aural objects to simulate human cognitive listening. The second part, Configuring and Understanding Aural Space, focuses on the human understanding of complex three-dimensional environments—covering the psychological and biological fundamentals of auditory space formation. This part further addresses the human mechanisms used to process information and interact in complex reverberant environments, such as concert halls and forests, and additionally examines how the auditory system can learn to understand and adapt to these environments. The third part is dedicated to Processing Cross-Modal Inference and highlights the fundamental human mechanisms used to integrate auditory cues with cues from other modalities to localize and form perceptual objects. This part also provides a general framework for understanding how complex multimodal scenes can be simulated and rendered. The fourth part, Evaluating Aural-scene Quality and Speech Understanding, focuses on the object-forming aspects of binaural listening and understanding. It addresses cognitive mechanisms involved in both the understanding of speech and the processing of nonverbal information such as Sound Quality and Quality-of- Experience. The aesthetic judgment of rooms is also discussed in this context. Models that simulate underlying human processes and performance are covered in addition to techniques for rendering virtual environments that can then be used to test these models. The fifth part deals with the Application of Cognitive Mechanisms to Audio Technology. It highlights how cognitive mechanisms can be utilized to create spatial auditory illusions using binaural and other 3D-audio technologies. Further, it covers how cognitive binaural technologies can be applied to improve human performance in auditory displays and to develop new auditory technologies for interactive robots. The book concludes with the application of cognitive binaural technologies to the next generation of hearing aids.
Immersive Sound
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Author : Agnieszka Roginska
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2017-10-17
Immersive Sound written by Agnieszka Roginska and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-10-17 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Immersive Sound: The Art and Science of Binaural and Multi-Channel Audio provides a comprehensive guide to multi-channel sound. With contributions from leading recording engineers, researchers, and industry experts, Immersive Sound includes an in-depth description of the physics and psychoacoustics of spatial audio as well as practical applications. Chapters include the history of 3D sound, binaural reproduction over headphones and loudspeakers, stereo, surround sound, height channels, object-based audio, soundfield (ambisonics), wavefield synthesis, and multi-channel mixing techniques. Knowledge of the development, theory, and practice of spatial and multi-channel sound is essential to those advancing the research and applications in the rapidly evolving fields of 3D sound recording, augmented and virtual reality, gaming, film sound, music production, and post-production.
Communication Acoustics
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Author : Ville Pulkki
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2015-04-30
Communication Acoustics written by Ville Pulkki and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2015-04-30 with Technology & Engineering categories.
In communication acoustics, the communication channel consists of a sound source, a channel (acoustic and/or electric) and finally the receiver: the human auditory system, a complex and intricate system that shapes the way sound is heard. Thus, when developing techniques in communication acoustics, such as in speech, audio and aided hearing, it is important to understand the time–frequency–space resolution of hearing. This book facilitates the reader’s understanding and development of speech and audio techniques based on our knowledge of the auditory perceptual mechanisms by introducing the physical, signal-processing and psychophysical background to communication acoustics. It then provides a detailed explanation of sound technologies where a human listener is involved, including audio and speech techniques, sound quality measurement, hearing aids and audiology. Key features: Explains perceptually-based audio: the authors take a detailed but accessible engineering perspective on sound and hearing with a focus on the human place in the audio communications signal chain, from psychoacoustics and audiology to optimizing digital signal processing for human listening. Presents a wide overview of speech, from the human production of speech sounds and basics of phonetics to major speech technologies, recognition and synthesis of speech and methods for speech quality evaluation. Includes MATLAB examples that serve as an excellent basis for the reader’s own investigations into communication acoustics interaction schemes which intuitively combine touch, vision and voice for lifelike interactions.
Advances In Fundamental And Applied Research On Spatial Audio
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Author : Brian F.G. Katz
language : en
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
Release Date : 2022-10-05
Advances In Fundamental And Applied Research On Spatial Audio written by Brian F.G. Katz and has been published by BoD – Books on Demand this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-10-05 with Technology & Engineering categories.
Spatial audio is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field, as it is closely linked to advances in computer technology and digital signal processing. The democratization of virtual reality hardware available as consumer devices has moved the field further out of traditional laboratory research, and directly into applied research targeting a wide range of consumers. Advances in Fundamental and Applied Research on Spatial Audio presents a collection of eight peer-reviewed chapters on this exciting area of research. The contributions are organized into three sections: “Acoustic Methodology”, “Perception”, and “Applications”, and cover a range of topics, addressing both headphone- and loudspeaker-based reproductions, offering both methodological overviews and specific case studies.
Advances In Audiology And Hearing Science
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Author : Stavros Hatzopoulos
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2020-06-09
Advances In Audiology And Hearing Science written by Stavros Hatzopoulos and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-09 with Health & Fitness categories.
With chapters from audiology professionals from around the world, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science presented in two volumes—provides an abundance of information on the latest technological and procedural advances in this ever-improving field. Volume 1 primarily focuses on revised clinical protocols and provides information on new research to help guide decisions and criteria regarding diagnosis, management, and treatment of hearing-related issues. Topics include new clinical applications such as auditory steady-state response, wideband acoustic immittance, otoacoustic emissions, frequency following response, noise exposure, genomics and hearing loss, and more. The volume also includes a section on canine audiology, allowing students and professionals a broader exposure to hearing science.
Advances In Audiology And Hearing Science 2 Volume Set
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Author : Stavros Hatzopoulos
language : en
Publisher: CRC Press
Release Date : 2022-06-07
Advances In Audiology And Hearing Science 2 Volume Set written by Stavros Hatzopoulos and has been published by CRC Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-06-07 with Health & Fitness categories.
With chapters from audiology professionals from around the world, Advances in Audiology and Hearing Science-presented in two volumes—provides an abundance of valuable information on the latest technological and procedural advances in this ever-improving field. Volume 1 primarily focuses on revised clinical protocols and provides information on new research to help guide decisions and criteria regarding diagnosis, management, and treatment of hearing-related issues. Topics include new clinical applications such as auditory steady-state response, wideband acoustic immittance, otoacoustic emissions, frequency following response, noise exposure, genomics and hearing loss, and more. Volume 2 includes sections with material related to hearing devices, hearing in special populations, such as the children and the elderly, as well chapters on the fast-growing subfields of otoprotection and regeneration, including pharmacologic otoprotection, stem cells, and nanotechnology. Topics include early auditory development in children after cochlear implantation, music therapy, the effect of music on hearing health, and auditory enhancement.
Binaural And Spatial Hearing In Real And Virtual Environments
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Author : Robert Gilkey
language : en
Publisher: Psychology Press
Release Date : 2014-02-25
Binaural And Spatial Hearing In Real And Virtual Environments written by Robert Gilkey and has been published by Psychology Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-02-25 with Language Arts & Disciplines categories.
The current popular and scientific interest in virtual environments has provided a new impetus for investigating binaural and spatial hearing. However, the many intriguing phenomena of spatial hearing have long made it an exciting area of scientific inquiry. Psychophysical and physiological investigations of spatial hearing seem to be converging on common explanations of underlying mechanisms. These understandings have in turn been incorporated into sophisticated yet mathematically tractable models of binaural interaction. Thus, binaural and spatial hearing is one of the few areas in which professionals are soon likely to find adequate physiological explanations of complex psychological phenomena that can be reasonably and usefully approximated by mathematical and physical models. This volume grew out of the Conference on Binaural and Spatial Hearing, a four-day event held at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in response to rapid developments in binaural and spatial hearing research and technology. Meant to be more than just a proceedings, it presents chapters that are longer than typical proceedings papers and contain considerably more review material, including extensive bibliographies in many cases. Arranged into topical sections, the chapters represent major thrusts in the recent literature. The authors of the first chapter in each section have been encouraged to take a broad perspective and review the current state of literature. Subsequent chapters in each section tend to be somewhat more narrowly focused, and often emphasize the authors' own work. Thus, each section provides overview, background, and current research on a particular topic. This book is significant in that it reviews the important work during the past 10 to 15 years, and provides greater breadth and depth than most of the previous works.
The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America
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Author : Acoustical Society of America
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2005
The Journal Of The Acoustical Society Of America written by Acoustical Society of America and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Acoustical engineering categories.
Concepts Technologies Challenges And The Future Of Web 3
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Author : Lekhi, Pooja
language : en
Publisher: IGI Global
Release Date : 2023-08-29
Concepts Technologies Challenges And The Future Of Web 3 written by Lekhi, Pooja and has been published by IGI Global this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-29 with Computers categories.
Web3 is a term which refers to the third generation of the World Wide Web; it is a decentralized internet architecture that uses blockchain technology, smart contracts, and other decentralized technologies to create a more secure and transparent internet.Concepts, Technologies, Challenges, and the Future of Web 3 is led by researchers with a valuable mix of industry and academic experience. The book delves into the concepts of decentralization, trustlessness, and interoperability and explores the challenges of Web3, including scalability, security, and regulatory compliance. It examines the current and potential future use cases of Web3, such as decentralized finance, supply chain management, identity verification, and decentralized social networks. “The core building blocks of Web3” is not just for researchers, academics, and students in computer science and related fields but also for developers, entrepreneurs, and businesses looking to build applications and services in the Web3 space. It offers a clear understanding of the technical and conceptual frameworks underpinning Web3 and the challenges and opportunities in the decentralized web. Moreover, the book is valuable for policymakers, regulators, and legal professionals interested in understanding the regulatory frameworks and legal implications of Web3. It provides insights into the potential impact of Web3 on governance, regulation, and law, highlighting the need for new policy frameworks to address the challenges and opportunities presented by the decentralized web.
Surgical Technology For The Surgical Technologist
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Author : Paul Price
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2004
Surgical Technology For The Surgical Technologist written by Paul Price and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004 with Medical categories.
This new edition meets the requirements of the revised Core Curriculum for Surgical Technologists, 5th edition. It is written by surgical technologists for surgical technologists. The content focuses on the concepts and skill development (cognitive and procedural) required of surgical technologists in the operative environment. The text uses the A POSitive CARE approach to surgical problem solving that concentrates on the ability of the surgical technologist to predict the patient's and surgeon's needs through the intraoperative period. The goal is for the surgical technologist to apply this model in daily practice for maximum efficiency and effectiveness during the surgical procedure. The surgical procedures included in the text were selected for their instructive value and because the skills demonstrated can be applied to many other procedures.