Toxicologic Assessment Of The Army S Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests
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Toxicologic Assessment Of The Army S Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1997-06-30
Toxicologic Assessment Of The Army S Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-06-30 with Nature categories.
During the 1950s and 1960s, the U.S. Army conducted atmospheric dispersion tests in many American cities using fluorescent particles of zinc cadmium sulfide (ZnCdS) to develop and verify meteorological models to estimate the dispersal of aerosols. Upon learning of the tests, many citizens and some public health officials in the affected cities raised concerns about the health consequences of the tests. This book assesses the public health effects of the Army's tests, including the toxicity of ZnCdS, the toxicity of surrogate cadmium compounds, the environmental fate of ZnCdS, the extent of public exposures from the dispersion tests, and the risks of such exposures.
Toxicologic Assessment Of The Army S Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 1997-06-14
Toxicologic Assessment Of The Army S Zinc Cadmium Sulfide Dispersion Tests written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1997-06-14 with Nature categories.
This report begins by providing an overview of demographic modeling, including the strengths and weaknesses of this technique. Then the elements of the model are developed (e.g., workforce inflows and outflows are defined) and the data set used for estimation of the model--the Survey of Doctorate Recipients (SDR)--is described. Next, the calculation of transition rates for various life changes (e.g., retirement, changing profession) is described. At this point, the model is used to make retroactive projections that are tested against real data from the SDR. Finally, the panel presents recommendations for further work that is needed to develop the model so that it can be used to project the needs for biomedical and behavioral scientists. The report evaluates whether exposure to zinc cadmium sulfide caused adverse health effects in exposed people. This summary report was prepared to give information to concerned citizens about zinc cadmium sulfide, especially about the human health effects that might result from exposure to it. It supplements the technical document and provides answers to commonly asked questions.
Contaminated Water Supplies At Camp Lejeune
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2009-09-06
Contaminated Water Supplies At Camp Lejeune written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-09-06 with Medical categories.
In the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The water systems were supplied by the Tarawa Terrace and Hadnot Point watertreatment plants, which served enlisted-family housing, barracks for unmarried service personnel, base administrative offices, schools, and recreational areas. The Hadnot Point water system also served the base hospital and an industrial area and supplied water to housing on the Holcomb Boulevard water system (full-time until 1972 and periodically thereafter). This book examines what is known about the contamination of the water supplies at Camp Lejeune and whether the contamination can be linked to any adverse health outcomes in former residents and workers at the base.
Assessing Health Outcomes Among Veterans Of Project Shad Shipboard Hazard And Defense
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Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2016-02-15
Assessing Health Outcomes Among Veterans Of Project Shad Shipboard Hazard And Defense written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016-02-15 with Medical categories.
Between 1963 and 1969, the U.S. military carried out a series of tests, termed Project SHAD (Shipboard Hazard and Defense), to evaluate the vulnerabilities of U.S. Navy ships to chemical and biological warfare agents. These tests involved use of active chemical and biological agents, stimulants, tracers, and decontaminants. Approximately 5,900 military personnel, primarily from the Navy and Marine Corps, are reported to have been included in Project SHAD testing. In the 1990s some veterans who participated in the SHAD tests expressed concerns to the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) that they were experiencing health problems that might be the result of exposures in the testing. These concerns led to a 2002 request from VA to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) to carry out an epidemiological study of the health of SHAD veterans and a comparison population of veterans who had served on similar ships or in similar units during the same time period. In response to continuing concerns, Congress in 2010 requested an additional IOM study. This second study expands on the previous IOM work by making use of additional years of follow up and some analysis of diagnostic data from Medicare and the VA health care system.
Public Health Response To Biological And Chemical Weapons
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Author : Organisation mondiale de la santé
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2004-01-21
Public Health Response To Biological And Chemical Weapons written by Organisation mondiale de la santé and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2004-01-21 with Architecture categories.
This is the second edition of this publication which focuses on the public health aspects of the possible deliberate use of biological or chemical agents. Issues discussed include: the key principles for public health planning, risk assessment, hazard identification and evaluation, risk management strategies, and response planning as part of existing national emergency plans, disease surveillance and early warning systems, the national and international legal framework, and international sources of assistance. Technical annexes cover a range of issues including chemical agents, toxins, biological agents, principles of protection, precautions against the sabotage of drinking water, food and other products, information resources and the affiliation of WHO Member States to the international treaties on biological and chemical weapons.
Toxicological Effects Of Methylmercury
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-09-27
Toxicological Effects Of Methylmercury written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-09-27 with Nature categories.
Mercury is widespread in our environment. Methylmercury, one organic form of mercury, can accumulate up the aquatic food chain and lead to high concentrations in predatory fish. When consumed by humans, contaminated fish represent a public health risk. Combustion processes, especially coal-fired power plants, are major sources of mercury contamination in the environment. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is considering regulating mercury emissions from those plants. Toxicological Effects of Methylmercury reviews the health effects of methylmercury and discusses the estimation of mercury exposure from measured biomarkers, how differences between individuals affect mercury toxicity, and appropriate statistical methods for analysis of the data and thoroughly compares the epidemiological studies available on methylmercury. Included are discussions of current mercury levels on public health and a delineation of the scientific aspects and policy decisions involved in the regulation of mercury. This report is a valuable resource for individuals interested in the public health effects and regulation of mercury. The report also provides an excellent example of the implications of decisions in the risk assessment process for a larger audience.
Behind The Fog
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Author : Lisa Martino-Taylor
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2017-07-28
Behind The Fog written by Lisa Martino-Taylor and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-07-28 with Social Science categories.
Behind the Fog is the first in-depth, comprehensive examination of the United States’ Cold War radiological weapons program. The book examines controversial military-sponsored studies and field trials using radioactive "simulants" that exposed American civilians to radiation and other hazardous substances without their knowledge or consent during the Cold War. Although Western biological and chemical weapons programs have been analyzed by a number of scholars, Behind the Fog is a strong departure from the rest in that the United States radiological weapons program has been generally unknown to the public. Martino-Taylor documents the coordinated efforts of a small group of military scientists who advanced a four-pronged secret program of human-subject radiation studies that targeted unsuspecting Americans for Cold War military purposes. Officials enabled such projects to advance through the layering of secrecy, by embedding classified studies in other studies, and through outright deception. Agency and academic partnerships advanced, supported, and concealed the studies from the public at large who ultimately served as unwitting test subjects. Martino-Taylor’s comprehensive research illuminates a dark chapter of government secrecy, the military-industrial-academic complex, and large-scale organizational deviance in American history. In its critical approach, Behind the Fog effectively examines the mechanisms that allow large-scale elite deviance to take place in modern society.
Metals And Related Substances In Drinking Water
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Author : Prosun Bhattacharya
language : en
Publisher: IWA Publishing
Release Date : 2011-11-25
Metals And Related Substances In Drinking Water written by Prosun Bhattacharya and has been published by IWA Publishing this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2011-11-25 with Science categories.
Part of Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water Set - buy all five books together to save over 30%! Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water comprises the proceedings of COST Action 637 - METEAU, held in Kristianstad, Sweden, October 13-15, 2010. This book collates the understanding of the various factors which control metals and related substances in drinking water with an aim to minimize environmental impacts. Metals and Related Substances in Drinking Water: Provides an overview of knowledge on metals and related substances in drinking water. Promotes good practice in controlling metals and related substances in drinking water. Helps to determining the environmental and socio-economic impacts of control measures through public participation Introduces the importance of mineral balance in drinking water especially when choosing treatment methods Shares practitioner experience. The proceedings of this international conference contain many state-of-the-art presentations by leading researchers from across the world. They are of interest to water sector practitioners, regulators, researchers and engineers.
Waste Incineration And Public Health
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Author : National Research Council
language : en
Publisher: National Academies Press
Release Date : 2000-10-21
Waste Incineration And Public Health written by National Research Council and has been published by National Academies Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2000-10-21 with Science categories.
Incineration has been used widely for waste disposal, including household, hazardous, and medical wasteâ€"but there is increasing public concern over the benefits of combusting the waste versus the health risk from pollutants emitted during combustion. Waste Incineration and Public Health informs the emerging debate with the most up-to-date information available on incineration, pollution, and human healthâ€"along with expert conclusions and recommendations for further research and improvement of such areas as risk communication. The committee provides details on: Processes involved in incineration and how contaminants are released. Environmental dynamics of contaminants and routes of human exposure. Tools and approaches for assessing possible human health effects. Scientific concerns pertinent to future regulatory actions. The book also examines some of the social, psychological, and economic factors that affect the communities where incineration takes place and addresses the problem of uncertainty and variation in predicting the health effects of incineration processes.
Bioaccumulation In Marine Organisms
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Author : J.M. Neff
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2002-04-16
Bioaccumulation In Marine Organisms written by J.M. Neff and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002-04-16 with Science categories.
Large volumes of produced water are generated and discharged to the coastal and ocean waters worldwide from offshore oil and gas production facilities. There is concern that the chemicals in the produced water may harm marine ecosystems. This book summarizes the bioavailability and marine ecotoxicology of metal and organic contaminants that may occur in oil well produced water at concentrations significantly higher than those in ambient seawater. The contaminants of concern include arsenic, barium, cadmium, chromium, copper, lead, mercury, radium isotopes, zinc, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate. The first part of the book is a detailed discussion of the chemical composition of produced water from offshore oil wells worldwide and its fates following discharge to the ocean. The remaining chapters of the book summarize the current scientific literature on the sources and distributions in the ocean of each of the contaminants of concern and their bioaccumulation and toxicity to marine organisms. This book will be of value to: environmental scientists in the oil and gas industry; marine toxicologists and ecological risk assessors in academia, government, and industry; government regulatory agencies concerned with marine environmental protection. The book advances the concept that bioavailability evaluation must be included in all ecological risk assessments and other environmental assessments of chemical contaminants in marine and freshwater ecosystems.