Tracking Health Expenditure On Covid 19 Within The System Of Health Accounts Framework
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Tracking Health Expenditure On Covid 19 Within The System Of Health Accounts Framework
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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2022-09-16
Tracking Health Expenditure On Covid 19 Within The System Of Health Accounts Framework written by World Health Organization and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-09-16 with Health & Fitness categories.
Global Expenditure On Health
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2021-12-15
Global Expenditure On Health written by and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-12-15 with Social Science categories.
Health Financing For The Covid 19 Response
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Author :
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2021-07-28
Health Financing For The Covid 19 Response written by and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2021-07-28 with Social Science categories.
Global Spending On Health
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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2022-12-06
Global Spending On Health written by World Health Organization and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-12-06 with Health & Fitness categories.
The results of the report clearly show that in 2020, a year dominated by the emergence of COVID-19 and its associated health and economic crises, governments around the world rose to the challenge. Sharp increases in government spending on health at all country income levels underpinned the rise in health spending to a new high of US $9 trillion (approximately 11% of global GDP). Government health spending generally increased and offset declines in out-of-pocket spending. Importantly, the rise in government health spending was part of a much broader fiscal response to the pandemic. In high income and upper-middle income countries social protection spending also increased sharply in as governments attempted to cushion populations from the economic impacts of COVID-19. In contrast to health and social protection, growth in education spending was relatively subdued. Countries face the further challenge of sustaining increased public spending on health and other social sectors in the face of deteriorating macroeconomic conditions and rising debt servicing. This also includes the challenge of sustaining external support for low income countries, which is essential for reducing ensuring poverty, ensuring access to health services and strengthening pandemic preparedness.
The Design Of Digital Democracy
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Author : Gianluca Sgueo
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-08-11
The Design Of Digital Democracy written by Gianluca Sgueo and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-08-11 with Law categories.
Ever-stronger ties between technology, entertainment and design are transforming our relationship with democratic decision-making. When we are online, or when we use digital products and services, we tend to focus more on certain factors like speed of service and user-friendliness, and to overlook the costs – both for ourselves and others. As a result, a widening gap separates our expectations of everything related to digitalization – including government – and the actual practice of democratic governance. Democratic regulators, unable to meet citizens’ demands for tangible, fast and gratifying returns, are seeing the poorest results ever recorded in terms of interest, engagement and retention, despite using the most cutting-edge technologies. This book explores various aspects of the relationship between democracy, technology and entertainment. These include, on the one hand, the role that digital technology has in strengthening our collective intelligence, nurturing empathic relations between citizens and democratic institutions, and supporting processes of political aggregation, deliberation and collaboration. On the other hand, they comprise the challenges accompanying digital technology for representation, transparency and inclusivity in democratic decision-making. The book’s main argument is that digital democratic spaces should be redesigned to narrow the gap between the expectations and outcomes of democratic decision-making. It suggests abandoning the notion of digital participatory rights as being fast and easy to enjoy. It also refutes the notion that digital democratic decision-making can only be effective when it delivers rapid and successful responses to the issues of the day, regardless of their complexity. Ultimately, the success or failure of digital democracy will depend on the ability of public regulators to design digital public spaces with a commitment to complexity, so as to make them appealing, but also effective at engaging citizens.
Integrated Science For Sustainable Development Goal 3
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Author : Nima Rezaei
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2024-12-11
Integrated Science For Sustainable Development Goal 3 written by Nima Rezaei and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-12-11 with Medical categories.
This contributed volume offers and interdisciplinary view on several topics related to related to the Sustainable Development Goal 3 (SDG 3). These targets mainly involve reducing maternal mortality, ending preventable deaths under five years of age, fighting communicable diseases, e.g., tuberculosis, HIV, malaria, hepatitis B, and neglected tropical diseases, reducing mortality from non-communicable diseases, e.g., cardiovascular disease, cancer, diabetes, chronic respiratory disease, and suicide, and promoting mental health, prevention and treatment of substance abuse, reducing road injuries and deaths, universal access to sexual and reproductive care, family planning and education, achieving universal health coverage, reducing illnesses and deaths from hazardous chemicals and pollution, implementation of the who framework convention on tobacco control, supporting research, development and universal access to affordable vaccines and medicines, increasing health financing and supporting health workforce in developing countries, improving early warning systems for global health risks.
Global Spending On Health Coping With The Pandemic
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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2024-01-30
Global Spending On Health Coping With The Pandemic written by World Health Organization and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-01-30 with Health & Fitness categories.
The report shows that global spending on health continued to increase in 2021, the second year of the pandemic, to US$ 9.8 trillion (10.3% of global GDP). The increase in spending was driven by higher government spending and out-of-pocket spending. In low income countries, external aid for health played an important role in supporting government spending. Sustaining government spending and external aid at 2021 levels could, however, prove challenging given the deterioration in global economic conditions, rising inflation and increased debt servicing obligations. The report also capitalizes on disaggregated spending information to provide new insights into the dynamics of increased global spending on health through the pandemic. Using data disaggregated by health service providers it shows some of the ways that health service delivery systems coped with the COVID-19 pandemic. Hospitals, ambulatory care providers, and pharmacies accounted for most health spending. Shifts were observed, however, in the composition of services within provider types, reflecting the new and evolving demands through the pandemic. Disaggregated spending data by disease and condition also shows a delicate balance between spending on COVID-19 and other diseases was maintained. The report also examines countries’ health capital investment, which shape current operational capacity and are essential for forging a path toward effective and resilient health systems.
Methodology For The Update Of The Global Health Expenditure Database 2020 2022
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Author : World Health Organization
language : en
Publisher: World Health Organization
Release Date : 2023-02-07
Methodology For The Update Of The Global Health Expenditure Database 2020 2022 written by World Health Organization and has been published by World Health Organization this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-02-07 with Health & Fitness categories.
This technical note provides supplementary explanations for the Global Health Expenditure Database (GHED) data. The purpose of this document is to summarize the main methods and practices established and provide a technical description of the process implemented by the WHO Health Accounts team for the annual publication of GHED. The target audience are the users of the GHED data, who can find in this document a useful resource. It provides supplementary information to the indicators and aggregates published on the database, since it explains how the data collection and consultation process is performed, it describes the estimation methods implemented on the different SHA classifications, and provides details on the macroeconomic variables used, as well as the metadata information. As the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant impact on health spending since 2020, this document also provides a brief description of Covid-related expenditure categories and data collected and published on the GHED.
Strategic Investment For Health System Resilience
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Author : Feng Zhao
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2024-08-23
Strategic Investment For Health System Resilience written by Feng Zhao and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-23 with Medical categories.
As efforts to build emergency-ready health systems intensify across the globe, Strategic Investment for Health System Resilience: A Three-Layer Framework provides a practical investment framework and a diverse set of country cases to inform decision-making and strategic resource allocations. The framework includes layer 1, risk reduction—promoting emergency-ready primary health care, public health, prevention, and community preparedness; layer 2, detection, containment, and mitigation capabilities; and layer 3, advanced case management and surge response. This three-layer framework prioritizes interventions that prevent a public health threat from developing in the first place (layer 1), limit its spread should one emerge (layer 2), and manage a widespread crisis that compromises a health system's ability to deliver care sustainably (layer 3). All three layers play a role in achieving health system resilience, but not all of them have been leveraged equally in the past. Strategic Investment for Health System Resilience offers a glimpse of the relatively low cost of investments in improving the operation of the weakest parts of the three layers. Layer 1 functions are estimated to cost between US$2 per capita in low-income countries and US$4 per capita in lower-middle-income countries. The framework applies equally to short-term epidemics of communicable diseases and to slow-moving trends in noncommunicable diseases. The pace of the needed response to health threats can vary, but all require a system that is resilient across multiple layers of response. Although there is no universal blueprint for every setting, it behooves all countries to seize the moment and invest in the three layers in ways that fit their needs.
Democracy State Capacity And The Governance Of Covid 19 In Asia Oceania
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Author : Aurel Croissant
language : en
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
Release Date : 2023-04-07
Democracy State Capacity And The Governance Of Covid 19 In Asia Oceania written by Aurel Croissant and has been published by Taylor & Francis this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-04-07 with Political Science categories.
This book examines the public health responses to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Asia-Oceania region and their implications for democratic backsliding in the period January 2020 to mid-2021. The contributions discuss three key questions: How did political institutions in Asia-Oceania create incentives for effective public health responses to the COVID-19 outbreak? How did state capacities enhance governments’ ability to implement public health responses? How have governance responses affected the democratic quality of political institutions and processes? Together, the analyses reveal the extent to which institutions prompted an effective public health response and highlights that a high-capacity state was not a necessary condition for containing the spread of COVID-19 during the early phase of the pandemic. By combining quantitative and qualitative analyses, the volume also shows that the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the quality of democratic institutions has been uneven across Asia-Oceania. Guided by a comprehensive theoretical framework, this will be an invaluable resource for scholars and students of political science, policy studies, public health and Asian studies.