Trade Liberalization In Peru
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Trade Liberalization In Peru
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Author : Elin Baldárrago
language : en
Publisher: International Monetary Fund
Release Date : 2017-03-09
Trade Liberalization In Peru written by Elin Baldárrago and has been published by International Monetary Fund this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-03-09 with Business & Economics categories.
While trade integration has been an engine of global growth and prosperity, as suggested by theory, some sectors have been negatively affected by increased import competition. We test if this negative effect is significant in a context of high intranational migration, as theory indicates that labor mobility could reduce it. We focus on the 2004-14 period of trade liberalization in Peru (a major beneficiary of trade integration), which allows for methodological improvements relative to similar studies. We find that districts competing with liberalized imports experienced significantly lower growth in consumption per capita despite some emigration in response to increased import competition. This underscores the need to support the “losers of trade liberalization” even amidst high labor mobility.
The Geography Of Trade Liberalization
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Author : Omar Awapara
language : en
Publisher: Springer Nature
Release Date : 2023-01-01
The Geography Of Trade Liberalization written by Omar Awapara and has been published by Springer Nature this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-01-01 with Political Science categories.
This book answers why anti-trade forces in developing countries sometimes fail to effectively exert pressure on their governments. The backlash against globalization spread across several Latin American countries in the 2000s, yet a few countries such as Peru doubled down on their bets on free trade by signing bilateral agreements with the US and the EU. This study uses evidence from three Latin American countries (Peru, Argentina, and Bolivia) to suggest that geography can play a significant role in shaping trade preferences and undermining the formation and clout of distributional coalitions that seek protectionism. Because trade liberalization can have uneven distributional impacts along regional lines, trade liberalization losers can find themselves in unfavorable conditions to associate and engage in collective action. Under these circumstances, few coalitions emerge to battle for protection in the policy arena, and when they do, geographic distance from decision-makers in the capital city can be a significant barrier to realizing their interests. As a result, even where a majority of the population living in regions that have not benefitted from trade elect a leftist president, trade reform reversal will not occur unless protectionist interests are close to the capital city. The contrast between Peru, on one side, and Argentina and Bolivia, on the other, highlights the powerful influence geography can have on reversing trade policy or preserving the status quo.
An Historical Perspective Of Peru S Trade Liberalization Policies Of The 80s
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Author : Julio J. Nogués
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1986
An Historical Perspective Of Peru S Trade Liberalization Policies Of The 80s written by Julio J. Nogués and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1986 with Manufactures categories.
Sustaining Trade Reform
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Author : Elías A. Baracat
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2013-08-05
Sustaining Trade Reform written by Elías A. Baracat and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-08-05 with Business & Economics categories.
Factually, the principal finding of this book is that the trade policy reforms introduced by Peru in the 1990s have continued over several changes of president, whereas similar reforms in Argentina have been reversed. In both countries, the reforms included the introduction of new mechanisms for managing trade policy as well as the reduction of restrictions. Throughout the decade beginning in 2000, Peru’s liberalization expanded. The new institutions became more robust, and through them pressures for protection were effectively contained. At the same time, Argentine trade policy returned to the high-protection import substitution regime in place before the 1990s reforms. Multiple restrictions have been imposed, mostly through a reversion to informal methods that abjure the governance characteristics that the 1990s reforms introduced. The difference between the two cases cannot be explained by economic parameters such as resource endowments or external shocks. Peru’s reforms manifest the buoyant and confident attitude toward the global economy that reform leaders were able to introduce into Peruvian politics. In the words of former president Alan García, there is an eagerness to “climb up on the wave of growth.” In comparison, Argentina’s current development strategy sees international trade as detrimental to Argentina’s interests unless participation by Argentine buyers and sellers is guided by government intervention. The Peruvian case provides examples of successfully managing the politics of reform and the technical aspects of policy so as to establish transparent and participatory processes that weigh accurately the impact of trade policy on all affected domestic parties. The Argentine case demonstrates that the World Trade Organization legal system is not an effective restraint on a government that wants to revert to an import substitution regime. International cooperation has been useful when it has recognized and influenced domestic sovereignty over economic regulation; however, it is not been useful when approached as a matter of international regulation of national actions.
Trade Policy Review Peru 2007
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Author : World Trade Organization
language : en
Publisher: Bernan Press
Release Date : 2008-05
Trade Policy Review Peru 2007 written by World Trade Organization and has been published by Bernan Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-05 with Business & Economics categories.
The book provides trade policy review for Peru.
The Effects Of Alternative Free Trade Agreements On Peru Evidence From A Global Computable General Equilibrium Model
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Author : Antoine Bouët, Simon Mevel, and Marcelle Thomas
language : en
Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst
Release Date :
The Effects Of Alternative Free Trade Agreements On Peru Evidence From A Global Computable General Equilibrium Model written by Antoine Bouët, Simon Mevel, and Marcelle Thomas and has been published by Intl Food Policy Res Inst this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on with Social Science categories.
Antidumping Mechanisms And Safeguards In Peru
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Author : Richard Charles Webb
language : en
Publisher: World Bank Publications
Release Date : 2005
Antidumping Mechanisms And Safeguards In Peru written by Richard Charles Webb and has been published by World Bank Publications this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Dumping (International trade) categories.
"Peru's experience in the application of antidumping and safeguard measures is characterized by a radical change in the philosophy and procedures of trade at the beginning of the 1990s, and by an increasing use of these mechanisms. Trade liberalization was accompanied by the liberalization of foreign currency transactions and of financial and labor markets. Also, the internal revenue administration was modernized, institutions for regulation and competition defense were created, and state enterprises were transferred to private owners or concessionaires. New laws and institutions were created to regulate markets, including INDECOPI, a novel government agency charged with antimonopoly regulation and consumer defense, and which houses the Antidumping and Subsidies Commission. This highly autonomous and technical Commission became the central player in the implementation of WTO rules and procedures for fair trade. Since the reform was launched, a total of 81 trade protection cases have been presented, of which 57 were followed by a dumping investigation. The application of antidumping duties was approved for 29 of the cases investigated. Only two cases of safeguard investigations were recorded, one of which (Chinese textile clothing articles) is still in the negotiation phase. This paper reviews that case experience in detail, concluding that Peru has clearly differentiated between unfair competition and dumping on the one hand, and damage and safeguards on the other, and has applied strict technical criteria to the former and broader political considerations to the latter. Despite recent indications of a partial retreat from those principles, the decade-old reform is expected to last. "-- World Bank web site.
Searching For A Better Society
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Author : John Sheahan
language : en
Publisher: Penn State Press
Release Date : 2010-11-01
Searching For A Better Society written by John Sheahan and has been published by Penn State Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-11-01 with Business & Economics categories.
As in most of the rest of Latin America, Peruvian economic strategy has gone in something of a circle, from long-established orientation toward an open economy with minimal state intervention to a period of state-led development, then back again to what looks like the starting point. In the 1960s, the Peruvian people had their first real chance to make a democratic choice between continuation of the country's open-economy orientation or change, & they chose change. Using this as his starting point, Sheahan explains how their choice was not provoked by any economic crisis but by other major influences. The majority of Peruvians, he shows, were seeking objectives more fundamental than economic growth. They were, with conflicting visions but with many good reasons, "searching for a better society." While positive accomplishments have been important, enough went wrong to lead Peru back to a more market-determined economic system in 1990. Sheahan addresses the consequences of this return to the earlier economic strategy & what might be done to shape the process of development-in Peru & in Latin America more generally-toward less unfair societies. Searching for a Better Society is different from the great majority of economic studies of developing countries in its emphasis on the basic role of social dissatisfaction with the country's traditional liberal economic system & on the complexity of social goals involved in evaluation of the choice & consequences of economic policies.
Antidumping Mechanisms And Safeguards In Peru
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Author : Richard Webb
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2012
Antidumping Mechanisms And Safeguards In Peru written by Richard Webb and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with categories.
Peru's experience in the application of antidumping and safeguard measures is characterized by a radical change in the philosophy and procedures of trade at the beginning of the 1990s, and by an increasing use of these mechanisms. Trade liberalization was accompanied by the liberalization of foreign currency transactions and of financial and labor markets. Also, the internal revenue administration was modernized, institutions for regulation and competition defense were created, and state enterprises were transferred to private owners or concessionaires. New laws and institutions were created to regulate markets, including INDECOPI, a novel government agency charged with antimonopoly regulation and consumer defense, and which houses the Antidumping and Subsidies Commission. This highly autonomous and technical Commission became the central player in the implementation of WTO rules and procedures for fair trade. Since the reform was launched, a total of 81 trade protection cases have been presented, of which 57 were followed by a dumping investigation. The application of antidumping duties was approved for 29 of the cases investigated. Only two cases of safeguard investigations were recorded, one of which (Chinese textile clothing articles) is still in the negotiation phase. This paper reviews that case experience in detail, concluding that Peru has clearly differentiated between unfair competition and dumping on the one hand, and damage and safeguards on the other, and has applied strict technical criteria to the former and broader political considerations to the latter. Despite recent indications of a partial retreat from those principles, the decade-old reform is expected to last.
Growth Without Development
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Author : Rubén Berríos
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2018-11-26
Growth Without Development written by Rubén Berríos and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-11-26 with History categories.
This study uses paired comparisons of Peru’s economic development experience with those of Chile and South Korea. It makes use of political and economic analysis to explore how and why some countries have taken a leap toward development while others, like Peru, have lagged behind.