Transclave Economy

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Transclave Economy

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Author : Soyoung Park (City planner)
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2022

Transclave Economy written by Soyoung Park (City planner) and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022 with categories.

The ethnic enclave economy -- the spatial clustering of immigrant enterprises where immigrant owners employ workers of their own ethnic or migration background - has been portrayed as a protected labor market where immigrant business owners and workers build beneficial or exploitative relationships. Scholars' characterizations of the ethnic enclave economy have been dichotomized. Optimists argue that it allows immigrants to avert labor market discrimination and racism in a host society. Specifically, immigrant workers can find entry-level jobs with ethnic enterprises despite their limited socioeconomic capital, while employers take advantage of easy access to cheap, loyal workforces. Pessimists, in contrast, claim that this enclave effect is insignificant. They point out that workers are underpaid and that the heavy reliance on ethnic ties hampers employers from innovation and expansion. Over the last several decades, the persistent debate over the positive functions of the enclave economy, which is called the enclave effect, has expanded our knowledge of the social mobility of immigrants in a receiving society. Despite its significant contribution, a limitation of this debate is that scholars assume this economic ecosystem is static rather than fluid. The majority of enclave economy articles capture the earlier stage of the developmental trajectory of the immigrant economy, which is dominated by a single-ethnicity group and small mom-and-pop businesses. Under this premise, they examine the economic performance of the immigrants in that exceptional temporal context. Consequently, they pay little attention to the constantly changing nature of the enclave economy and interpret the ethnic enclave as an equilibrium place where socioeconomic conditions (e.g., ethnic diversity, immigration law, economic vibrancy) are stable. However, in highly globalized urban settings, the enclave economy undergoes consistent ethnic diversification, stratification, and spatial reconfiguration as a result of the socioeconomic changes in a host society and the inflow of people from different countries, who maintain continuing connection to their home societies. By utilizing mixed methodology, including geostatistical analysis, interviews, surveys, and longitudinal ethnographic fieldwork from 2020 to 2021, this dissertation reveals how the enclave economy has developed into a multiethnic contested place where immigrants from different backgrounds cooperate and compete. To highlight the variable nature of the enclave economy, I incorporate the transnationalism framework and propose the term transclave economy. I argue the transclave economy is developed by the transnational inflows of labor, capital, and heterogeneous culture into an immigrant economy. In this variable system, the enclave effect should be understood as a fluid capability whose function is contingent to the time and context that each enclave economy participant is situated in. The framework will be applied to the case of nail salons in New York City, where the largest cosmetology service cluster is located and the majority of workers and owners are immigrant women. Ultimately, this dissertation contributes to highlighting the enclave economy as a system of becoming, rather than a system of being, which is an increasingly important perspective in understanding multicultural city environments.

Branding Korea Or Marketing Ethnicity

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Author : Jinwon Kim
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2016

Branding Korea Or Marketing Ethnicity written by Jinwon Kim and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2016 with categories.

The New Economy In Transatlantic Perspective

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Author : Kurt Huebner
language : en
Publisher: Routledge
Release Date : 2005-02-03

The New Economy In Transatlantic Perspective written by Kurt Huebner and has been published by Routledge this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005-02-03 with Business & Economics categories.

Pt. 1. Macroeconomics of innovation -- pt. 2. Institutional matrixes -- pt. 3. Spaces of innovation.

Transnational Communities In The Smartphone Age

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Author : Dae Young Kim
language : en
Publisher: Lexington Books
Release Date : 2017-12-20

Transnational Communities In The Smartphone Age written by Dae Young Kim and has been published by Lexington Books this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2017-12-20 with Social Science categories.

Transnational Communities in the Smartphone Age: The Korean Community in the Nation’s Capital examines the durable ties immigrants maintain with the home country and focuses in particular on their transnational cultural activities. In light of changing technologies, especially information and communication technologies (ICTs), which enable a faster, easier, and greater social and cultural engagement with the home country, this book argues that middle-class immigrants, such as Korean immigrants in the Washington-Baltimore region, sustain more regular connections with the homeland through cultural, rather than economic or political, transnational activities. Though not as conspicuous and contentious as other forms of transnational participation, cultural transnational activities may prove to be more lasting and also serve as a backbone for maintaining longer-lasting connections and identities with the home country.

Koreatowns

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Author : Jinwon Kim
language : en
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
Release Date : 2020-06-30

Koreatowns written by Jinwon Kim and has been published by Rowman & Littlefield this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-06-30 with Social Science categories.

This collection defines Koreatowns as spatial configurations that concentrate elements of “Korea” demographically, economically, politically, and culturally. The contributors provide exploratory accounts and critical evaluations of Koreatowns in different countries throughout the world. Ranging from familiar settings such as Los Angeles and New York City, to more unfamiliar locales such as Singapore, Beijing, Mexico, U.S.-Mexico borderlands, and the American Midwest, this collection not only examines the social characteristics and contours of these spaces, but also the types of discourses and symbols that they exude.

A Companion To Korean American Studies

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Author : Rachael Miyung Joo
language : en
Publisher: BRILL
Release Date : 2018-06-12

A Companion To Korean American Studies written by Rachael Miyung Joo and has been published by BRILL this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2018-06-12 with Social Science categories.

A Companion to Korean American Studies aims to provide readers with a broad introduction to Korean American Studies, through essays exploring major themes, key insights, and scholarly approaches that have come to define this field.

The Political Economy Of Nation Building

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Author : Mack Ott
language : en
Publisher: Transaction Publishers
Release Date : 2012

The Political Economy Of Nation Building written by Mack Ott and has been published by Transaction Publishers this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012 with Political Science categories.

Donor nations may advise and counsel, but the creation of a liberal nation state falls to its own people. They must create laws, exercise their liberties, provide freedom of belief and expression, and protect individual property rights. No nation becomes or remains free unless its people build, use, and defend these institutions, and protect them with understanding, vigilance, and effort. The Political Economy of Nation Building reviews the effects of political structures on the evolution and stability of liberalism in developing nations and considers the outlook for their success. Discussing the origins and applications of the modern liberal state from an explicitly Anglo- and Euro-centric view, Mack Ott addresses the origins of the rule of law and innovations that led to the rise of a market economy, separation of faith and governance, and the autonomy of finance—key components of the liberal state. He then addresses the emergence of sustained economic growth, a bridge between the liberal infrastructure and its application during the construction of a nation. Ott examines budget policy and laws, and accurate and timely economic and financial statistical reporting that assure donors that the recipient government is operating within the constraints of law. He addresses the beneficial effects of privatization of state-owned industry, examines the costs and benefits of nurturing non-governmental associations, and concludes with a review of transparent fiscal and monetary policies and the importance of non-interference in financial markets by the state.

Contours Of Descent

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Author : Robert Pollin
language : en
Publisher: Verso
Release Date : 2003

Contours Of Descent written by Robert Pollin and has been published by Verso this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2003 with Financial crises categories.

The concepts of modernity and modernism are among the most controversial and vigorously debated in contemporary philosophy and cultural theory. In this new, muscular intervention, Pollin explores these notions in a fresh and illuminating manner.

Economics Of Scale

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Author : IntroBooks
language : en
Publisher: Can Akdeniz
Release Date : 2019-01-12

Economics Of Scale written by IntroBooks and has been published by Can Akdeniz this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2019-01-12 with categories.

The beginning of this economic concept, economies of the scale, can be dated back to Adam Smith, who was a Scottish pioneer of political economy and an important key figure during the Scottish Enlightenment Era. Smith first mentioned this concept in his book Wealth of Nations in 1776, which was based on the idea of obtaining greater production return profits through the use of division of labor. The economies of the scale rely on the fixed cost that are uniform and do not vary with any of the alterations in output processes or variable costs, which may undergo changes due to change in the amount of output. Other sources of the economies of scale are production, managerial, technological, financial, and marketing. The economies of scale tend to have a significant effect on the production costs of the material. The economies of scale reduce the per unit fixed cost of the product and with increased production the fixed cost of the product expands over the entire output at a greater rate than before. The economies of scale are also responsible for bringing down the per unit cost value of the product. This occurs due to the expansion of production scale, which as a result improves the efficiency of the production processes. The economies of scale are cost-advantageous and the working of business takes place through exploitation of expanding scale of production. There are broadly two main types of economies of scale: internal and external economies of scale, which are further subdivided into various types. In simple terms, diseconomies of scale can be understood as the opposite condition of economies of scale. It is a condition that arises when economies of scale fail to function within the firm and when there is an increase in the value of costs per unit. The basic fundamental concept of economies of scale is the less the quantity of produce, the greater the per unit fixed cost of the product. The diseconomy of scale generates in the condition of the exact opposite case. One of the primary reasons for the diseconomy to occur is the inability of the firm to manage a larger number of workforce.

Restarting The Future

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Author : Jonathan Haskel
language : en
Publisher: Princeton University Press
Release Date : 2022-03-22

Restarting The Future written by Jonathan Haskel and has been published by Princeton University Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2022-03-22 with Business & Economics categories.

From the acclaimed authors of Capitalism without Capital, radical ideas for restoring prosperity in today’s intangible economy The past two decades have witnessed sluggish economic growth, mounting inequality, dysfunctional competition, and a host of other ills that have left people wondering what has happened to the future they were promised. Restarting the Future reveals how these problems arise from a failure to develop the institutions demanded by an economy now reliant on intangible capital such as ideas, relationships, brands, and knowledge. In this groundbreaking and provocative book, Jonathan Haskel and Stian Westlake argue that the great economic disappointment of the century is the result of an incomplete transition from an economy based on physical capital, and show how the vital institutions that underpin our economy remain geared to an outmoded way of doing business. The growth of intangible investment has slowed significantly in recent years, making the world poorer, less fair, and more vulnerable to existential threats. Haskel and Westlake present exciting new ideas to help us catch up with the intangible revolution, offering a road map for how to finance businesses, improve our cities, fund more science and research, reform monetary policy, and reshape intellectual property rules for the better. Drawing on Haskel and Westlake’s experience at the forefront of finance and economic policymaking, Restarting the Future sets out a host of radical but practical solutions that can lead us into the future.