Transposable Elements And Genome Evolution

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Transposable Elements And Genome Evolution

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Author : Aurélie Hua-Van
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2024-08-15

Transposable Elements And Genome Evolution written by Aurélie Hua-Van and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-08-15 with Science categories.

Since their discovery by Barbara McClintock in the mid-20th century, the importance of transposable elements in shaping the architecture, function and evolution of genomes has gradually been unveiled. These DNA sequences populate nearly all genomes and are viewed as genomic parasites. They are mobile, capable of proliferating within genomes and also commonly travel between species. These elements are mutagenic and are responsible for several human genetic disorders, but they also constitute a major source of genetic diversity. Some insertions have beneficial effects for the host and are selected for, giving rise to significant evolutionary innovations. Their dynamics within genomes are intricate, as are their interactions with other genome components. To limit their proliferation, the genome has evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms. While researchers commonly use these elements as genetic tools, their identification in newly sequenced genomes remains a challenge due not only to their extensive diversity, but also their large copy numbers.

Mobile Genetic Elements

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Author : Wolfgang J. Miller
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2008-02-05

Mobile Genetic Elements written by Wolfgang J. Miller and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2008-02-05 with Medical categories.

Leading experts describe in step-by-step detail their most productive transposon-based methods and strategies for studying genome structure, function, and evolution. These readily reproducible techniques cover a wide range, including mutagenesis, transgenesis, gene silencing, and molecular systematics. Among the highlights are a series of DNA hybridization methods for analyzing the distribution and dynamics of mobile DNA at the hosts' genomic level, techniques for studying LTR retrotransposons in heterologous host systems, and mutagenesis protocols for investigating gene functions in a broad range of organisms. These cutting-edge methods offer investigators powerful genetic tools for dissecting the function of a specific gene, elaborating on the mechanisms leading to genetic change and diversity, and studying the evolutionary impact of mobile DNA on the biology and evolution of organisms.

Mobile Dna Iii

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Author : Michael Chandler
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2020-07-24

Mobile Dna Iii written by Michael Chandler and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-07-24 with Science categories.

An exploration of the raw power of genetic material to refashion itself to any purpose... Virtually all organisms contain multiple mobile DNAs that can move from place to place, and in some organisms, mobile DNA elements make up a significant portion of the genome. Mobile DNA III provides a comprehensive review of recent research, including findings suggesting the important role that mobile elements play in genome evolution and stability. Editor-in-Chief Nancy L. Craig assembled a team of multidisciplinary experts to develop this cutting-edge resource that covers the specific molecular mechanisms involved in recombination, including a detailed structural analysis of the enzymes responsible presents a detailed account of the many different recombination systems that can rearrange genomes examines the tremendous impact of mobile DNA in virtually all organisms Mobile DNA III is valuable as an in-depth supplemental reading for upper level life sciences students and as a reference for investigators exploring new biological systems. Biomedical researchers will find documentation of recent advances in understanding immune-antigen conflict between host and pathogen. It introduces biotechnicians to amazing tools for in vivo control of designer DNAs. It allows specialists to pick and choose advanced reviews of specific elements and to be drawn in by unexpected parallels and contrasts among the elements in diverse organisms. Mobile DNA III provides the most lucid reviews of these complex topics available anywhere.

Transposable Elements And Genome Evolution

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Author : J. F. McDonald
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Transposable Elements And Genome Evolution written by J. F. McDonald and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.

Once considered merely `selfish' or `parasitic' DNA, transposable elements are today recognized as being of major biological significance. Not only are these elements a major source of mutation, they have contributed both directly and indirectly to the evolution of genome structure and function. On October 8-10, 1999, 100 molecular biologists and evolutionists representing 11 countries met on the campus of The University of Georgia in Athens for the inaugural Georgia Genetics Symposium. The topics of presentations ranged from how the elements themselves have evolved to the impact transposable elements have had on the evolution of their host genomes. The papers in this volume therefore represent state-of-the-art thinking, by leading world experts in the field, on the evolutionary significance of transposable elements.

Repetitive Dna Sequences

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Author : Andrew G. Clark
language : en
Publisher: MDPI
Release Date : 2020-03-05

Repetitive Dna Sequences written by Andrew G. Clark and has been published by MDPI this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2020-03-05 with Science categories.

Repetitive DNA is ubiquitous in eukaryotic genomes, and, in many species, comprises the bulk of the genome. Repeats include transposable elements that can self-mobilize and disperse around the genome, and tandemly-repeated satellite DNAs that increase in copy number due to replication slippage and unequal crossing over. Despite their abundance, repetitive DNA is often ignored in genomic studies due to technical challenges in their identification, assembly, and quantification. New technologies and methods are now providing the unprecedented power to analyze repetitive DNAs across diverse taxa. Repetitive DNA is of particular interest because it can represent distinct modes of genome evolution. Some repetitive DNA forms essential genome structures, such as telomeres and centromeres, which are required for proper chromosome maintenance and segregation, whereas others form piRNA clusters that regulate transposable elements; thus, these elements are expected to evolve under purifying selection. In contrast, other repeats evolve selfishly and produce genetic conflicts with their host species that drive adaptive evolution of host defense systems. However, the majority of repeats likely accumulate in eukaryotes in the absence of selection due to mechanisms of transposition and unequal crossing over. Even these neutral repeats may indirectly influence genome evolution as they reach high abundance. In this Special Issue, the contributing authors explore these questions from a range of perspectives.

Plant Transposable Elements

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Author : O. Nelson
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06

Plant Transposable Elements written by O. Nelson and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.

Transposon tagging can work. Even though most of our understand ing about the factors that contribute to a successful tagging experiment has been accumulated from a limited number of experiments using different transposable elements in different genetic backgrounds, it is still possible to draw some conclusions regarding the best experimental strategies for gene tagging. In our experience, Spm has proved to be a good element for transposon tagging. The frequency of recovering mutable alleles in duced by Spm is not significantly different from that for Ac-Ds or for Mu 6 (summarized in Ref. 22) and varies from about 10- to 10=zr:-8pm has the unique advantage, however, in that all of the members of thiSfumily that have been examined thus far are homologous to each other at the DNA level. Therefore, by combining molecular analysis with genetic segre gation, it is possible to identify and isolate alleles that are due to insertions of either autonomous or nonautonomous Spm elements. There are definite steps one can take to increase the chances of de tecting a transposition into the gene of interest. The most important step is to select a genetic background in which the desired phenotype will be easy to screen. If the phenotype is not likely to be mutable, then tester lines should be constructed so as to contain flanking markers that can aid in subsequent segregation analyses.

Transposable Elements And Genome Evolution

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Author : Aurélie Hua-Van
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2024-09-24

Transposable Elements And Genome Evolution written by Aurélie Hua-Van and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2024-09-24 with Science categories.

Since their discovery by Barbara McClintock in the mid-20th century, the importance of transposable elements in shaping the architecture, function and evolution of genomes has gradually been unveiled. These DNA sequences populate nearly all genomes and are viewed as genomic parasites. They are mobile, capable of proliferating within genomes and also commonly travel between species. These elements are mutagenic and are responsible for several human genetic disorders, but they also constitute a major source of genetic diversity. Some insertions have beneficial effects for the host and are selected for, giving rise to significant evolutionary innovations. Their dynamics within genomes are intricate, as are their interactions with other genome components. To limit their proliferation, the genome has evolved sophisticated defense mechanisms. While researchers commonly use these elements as genetic tools, their identification in newly sequenced genomes remains a challenge due not only to their extensive diversity, but also their large copy numbers.

Mobile Dna Ii

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Author : Nancy L. Craig
language : en
Publisher: Amer Society for Microbiology
Release Date : 2002

Mobile Dna Ii written by Nancy L. Craig and has been published by Amer Society for Microbiology this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2002 with Science categories.

An extension of the original volume, reflecting the latest advances in understanding these elements. This title is published by the American Society for Microbiology Press and distributed by Taylor and Francis in rest of world territories.

Evolutionary Biology Genome Evolution Speciation Coevolution And Origin Of Life

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Author : Pierre Pontarotti
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-07-25

Evolutionary Biology Genome Evolution Speciation Coevolution And Origin Of Life written by Pierre Pontarotti and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-07-25 with Science categories.

This book includes the most essential contributions presented at the 17th Evolutionary Biology Meeting in Marseille, which took place in September 2013. It consists of 18 chapters organized according to the following categories: · Molecular and Genome Evolution · Phylogeography of Speciation and Coevolution · Exobiology and Origin of Life The aims of the annual meetings in Marseille, which bring together leading evolutionary biologists and other scientists using evolutionary biology concepts, e.g. for medical research, are to promote the exchange of ideas and to encourage interdisciplinary collaborations. Offering an overview of the latest findings in the field of evolutionary biology, this book represents an invaluable source of information for scientists, teachers and advanced students.

Mobile Elements And Plant Genome Evolution Comparative Analyses And Computational Tools Volume Ii

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Author : Ruslan Kalendar
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-11-28

Mobile Elements And Plant Genome Evolution Comparative Analyses And Computational Tools Volume Ii written by Ruslan Kalendar and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-28 with Science categories.

This Research Topic is part of the Mobile Elements and Plant Genome Evolution, Comparative Analyses and Computational Tools series: Mobile Elements and Plant Genome Evolution, Comparative Analyses and Computational Tools Transposable elements are very common mobile genetic elements that are composed of several classes and make up the majority of eukaryotic genomes. The movement and accumulation of mobile genetic elements have been a major force in the formation of the genes and genomes of nearly all organisms. As dispersed and ubiquitous mobile elements, their life cycle of replicative transposition leads to genome rearrangements affecting cellular function. Transposable elements are important drivers of species diversity, and they exhibit great variety in structure, size, and mechanisms of transposition, making them important putative actors in genome evolution.