Transposable Elements And Genome Evolution
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Transposable Elements And Genome Evolution
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Author : J. F. McDonald
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Transposable Elements And Genome Evolution written by J. F. McDonald and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
Once considered merely `selfish' or `parasitic' DNA, transposable elements are today recognized as being of major biological significance. Not only are these elements a major source of mutation, they have contributed both directly and indirectly to the evolution of genome structure and function. On October 8-10, 1999, 100 molecular biologists and evolutionists representing 11 countries met on the campus of The University of Georgia in Athens for the inaugural Georgia Genetics Symposium. The topics of presentations ranged from how the elements themselves have evolved to the impact transposable elements have had on the evolution of their host genomes. The papers in this volume therefore represent state-of-the-art thinking, by leading world experts in the field, on the evolutionary significance of transposable elements.
Plant Transposable Elements
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Author : Deepu Pandita
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2023
Plant Transposable Elements written by Deepu Pandita and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023 with Plant biotechnology categories.
"This new volume provides an up-to-date understanding of the numerous classes of plant transposable elements, the mobile units of DNA that comprise large portions of plant genomes, an important contributor for gene and genome evolution. Transposable elements (TEs) are major components of large plant genomes and main drivers of genome evolution, known to produce a wide variety of changes in plant gene expression and function. This book, Plant Transposable Elements: Biology and Biotechnology, provides a systematic interpretation of protocols designed to characterize TEs and their biotechnological roles. The chapters explore the role of TEs in plant development, their architecture, their epigenetic regulation, their use in DNA repair, their evolution and speciation, while highlighting their importance in the approaching epoch of climate change. It discusses the applications of the transposons in genome editing and their biology, classification, structure, functions, and evolution. The volume begins with introduction of transposable elements (TEs), covering their introduction, classification, and transposition. It delves into protocols designed to characterize TEs and their biotechnological applications. This section looks at computational approaches for prediction and analysis, retro-transposon capture sequencing, and more. The section on transposon biology focuses on its role in plant development and as natural genetic engineers of genome mutation, evolution, and speciation. The book looks further into transposon applications in genome editing, exploring tagging and mutagenesis, genome engineering, and more. The last chapter uses the example of Oryza sativa to elucidate on the classification, structure, function, and evolution of transposable elements. This comprehensive volume is a valuable comprehensive resource for researchers, faculty, and students in biology, biotechnology, genetics, and botany and plant science."--
Retrotransposable Elements And Genome Evolution
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Author : Jean-Nicolas Volff
language : en
Publisher: S. Karger AG (Switzerland)
Release Date : 2005
Retrotransposable Elements And Genome Evolution written by Jean-Nicolas Volff and has been published by S. Karger AG (Switzerland) this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2005 with Cytogenetics categories.
Retrotransposable elements are major constituents of genomes. These mobile DNA sequences can disrupt genes, induce genomic rearrangements, influence gene expression and mobilize various types of non-autonomous sequences. Their genomic status is still controversial and an object of intense debate in the scientific community. On the one hand, retrotransposable elements are frequently considered as genome parasites or as 'junk DNA' causing genetic diseases and evolving as retroviruses. On the other hand, mobile DNA and transposition are driving forces of genome evolution. Many regulatory and coding sequences contain parts of transposable elements that are required for proper expression and function of resident genes and proteins. Some mobile sequences have been domesticated by the host and play important cellular roles. Valuable reading for researchers and teachers involved in genetics, genome structure and evolution, this publication updates the current knowledge on retrotransposition and retrotransposable elements and their impact on gene function and genome evolution.
Evolution And Impact Of Transposable Elements
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Author : Pierre Capy
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Evolution And Impact Of Transposable Elements written by Pierre Capy and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
During the last 50 years, the perception oftransposable elements (TEs) has changed considerably from selfish DNA to sequences that may contribute significantly to genome function and evolution. The recent increased interest in TEs is based on the realization that they are a major genetic component (at least 10--20%) of all organisms and a major contributor to the mutation process. It is currently estimated that 70--80% of spontaneous mutations are the result of TE-mediated insertions, deletions, or chromosomal rearrangements. Thus, it seems at least plausible that TEs may playa significant role in the adaptation and evolution of natural populations and species. The ubiquity of TEs suggests that they are an old component of genomes which have been vertically transmitted through generations over evolutionary time. However, detailed analyses carried out over the last 20 years have revealed several unusual features of TE evolution: (i) TEs can be horizontally transferred between species; (ii) TE evolutionary rates can be dramatically increased by specific inactivation processes, such as the RIP (Repeat Induced Point mutation) mechanism in fungi; (iii) TEs can influence the regulation of other TEs by insertion or deletion; (iv) different classes of TEs in even distantly related species can be remarkably similar in both structure and function.
Plant Transposable Elements
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Author : Marie-Angèle Grandbastien
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-01-08
Plant Transposable Elements written by Marie-Angèle Grandbastien and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-08 with Science categories.
Transposable elements are short lengths of DNA with the capacity to move between different points within a genome. This process can affect the function of genes at or near the insertion site. The present book gives an overview of the impact of transposable elements on plant genomes and explains how to recognize and study transposable elements, e.g. by using state-of-the-art strategies like “new generation sequencing.” Moreover, the impact of transposable elements on plant genome structure and function is reviewed in detail, and also illustrated in examples and case studies. The book is intended both for readers familiar with the field and for newcomers. With large-scale sequencing becoming increasingly available, more and more people will come across transposable element sequences in their data, and this volume will hopefully help to convince them that they are not just “junk DNA.”
Mobile Elements And Plant Genome Evolution Comparative Analyses And Computational Tools Volume Ii
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Author : Ruslan Kalendar
language : en
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
Release Date : 2023-11-28
Mobile Elements And Plant Genome Evolution Comparative Analyses And Computational Tools Volume Ii written by Ruslan Kalendar and has been published by Frontiers Media SA this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2023-11-28 with Science categories.
This Research Topic is part of the Mobile Elements and Plant Genome Evolution, Comparative Analyses and Computational Tools series: Mobile Elements and Plant Genome Evolution, Comparative Analyses and Computational Tools Transposable elements are very common mobile genetic elements that are composed of several classes and make up the majority of eukaryotic genomes. The movement and accumulation of mobile genetic elements have been a major force in the formation of the genes and genomes of nearly all organisms. As dispersed and ubiquitous mobile elements, their life cycle of replicative transposition leads to genome rearrangements affecting cellular function. Transposable elements are important drivers of species diversity, and they exhibit great variety in structure, size, and mechanisms of transposition, making them important putative actors in genome evolution.
Plant Transposons And Genome Dynamics In Evolution
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Author : Nina V. Fedoroff
language : en
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
Release Date : 2013-01-16
Plant Transposons And Genome Dynamics In Evolution written by Nina V. Fedoroff and has been published by John Wiley & Sons this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-01-16 with Science categories.
The transposable genetic elements, or transposons, as they are now known, have had a tumultuous history. Discovered in the mid-20th century by Barbara McClintock, they were initially received with puzzlement. When their genomic abundance began to be apparent, they were categorized as "junk DNA" and acquired the label of parasites. Expanding understanding of gene and genome organization has revealed the profound extent of their impact on both. Plant Transposons and Genome Dynamics in Evolution captures and distills the voluminous research literature on plant transposable elements and seeks to assemble the big picture of how transposons shape gene structure and regulation, as well as how they sculpt genomes in evolution. Individual chapters provide concise overviews of the many flavors of plant transposons and of their roles in gene creation, gene regulation, development, genome evolution, and organismal speciation, as well as of their epigenetic regulation. This volume is essential reading for anyone working in plant genetics, epigenetics, or evolutionary biology.
Transposons And The Dynamic Genome
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Author : Dirk-Henner Lankenau
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2009-06-30
Transposons And The Dynamic Genome written by Dirk-Henner Lankenau and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2009-06-30 with Science categories.
This volume gives an overview on mobile DNA and how such contradiction to the obligatory stability of genomes can be understood. Obviously, an understanding can only be achieved by cutting deeply into the evolutionary history of life.
Transposable Elements And Evolution
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Author : J. F. McDonald
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Transposable Elements And Evolution written by J. F. McDonald and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Medical categories.
In the summer of 1992 a distinguished group of molecular, population and evolutionary geneticists assembled on the campus of the University of Georgia in Athens, USA to discuss the relevance of their research to the role played by transposable elements (TEs) in evolution. The meeting consisted of a series of informal discussions of issues brought up in papers written by the participants and distributed among them prior to the meeting. These papers and the transcripts of the ensuing discussions are presented in this volume.
Genome Wide Transposon Analyses
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Author : Elizabeth Marie Hénaff
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 2013
Genome Wide Transposon Analyses written by Elizabeth Marie Hénaff and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013 with categories.
The diversity of life forms around us is astounding: a walk in the woods, or even down the street, shows us organisms of different morphologies: two legs, four legs, wings; different capacity of interaction with our environment: plants photosynthesizing while bacteria break down our garbage. How can life take on so many forms? While there is some increase of genes when comparing the most simple eukaryotes to the most complex ones it is clear that organism complexity is not the result of the number of genes. Therefore is has been postulated that the complexity of an organism arises from the complexity of its gene regulation, rather than the number of genes. This regulation must come then from the non-gene part of the genome. We now know that genes constitute but a small portion of genomes, (about 5% of the human genome). The advent of whole-genome sequencing has enabled us to get a more complete picture of what is in a genome, and with that has come the surprise that a significant part of all genomes characterized is constituted of transposable elements (TEs). Transposable elements are mobile genetic sequences, meaning that they have the capacity to change their position within the genome of a single cell. The goal of my dissertation has been to investigate the role of TEs in plants and their impact on gene and genome evolution. For this I have taken two approaches. The first is a study in the newly sequenced genome of Cucumis melo, an important crop plant in Spain. In the context of this project I have characterized the transposon landscape in the genome, and identified TE related polymorphisms between seven different varieties. This project has of interest the fact that this is an important plant for agriculture and domestication is a particularly relevant evolutionary context in which to study the impact of transposons, as the lines analyzed come from different geographic and selection backgrounds. In the context of this project I have developed a pipeline for genome annotation, and a software for detection of polymorphisms using next-generation paired-end sequencing data. This yielded insight into the dynamics of transposon evolution in this genome, and the selective forces that have shaped the transposon landscape. To our knowledge this is the first analysis that uses polymorphic TEs to investigate differential chromosomal distribution of recent and old transposons, and thus revealing at an intra-species scale the timeline of selection. The results obtained are promising for studying the contribution of mobile elements to the evolution of two genetically similar yet phenotypically different cultivated varieties. In order to study the impact of transposition on gene regulation, I investigated MITE families which have amplified a transciption factor binding site (TF BS) in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This project focuses on the potential impact on gene regulation networks of the redistribution of this TFBS, a phenomenon that has been described for various master TF in animals but not yet to my knowledge in plants. This study combines in silico analysis with molecular data such as microarrays and ChIP, and is a striking example of one of the many manners in which TEs can impact gene regulation. The work in this dissertation highlights the contradictory nature of transposable elements: on one hand, they are invasive, and on the other, are the source of essential innovations. Here we provide insight as to the functions they play in plant genome evolution.
