Trees And Wood In Dendrochronology
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Trees And Wood In Dendrochronology
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Author : Fritz H. Schweingruber
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Trees And Wood In Dendrochronology written by Fritz H. Schweingruber and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The science of dendrochronology has grown significantly in the past 20 years. In the 1950s and 1960s, interest in the subject was limited to only a handful of scientists who perceived in dendrochronology a "l'art pour l'art". Today, however, specialists from many different fields recognize and are pursuing the problems of dendrochronology. Tree-ring research has acquired a permanent role in the various sciences of archeology, history, geology, ecology, and climatology. The founders of dendrochronology themselves were of varied scientific backgrounds and interests. For example, A. E. Douglass in the United States was an astronomer, B. Huber in Germany a forest-biologist, and F. N. Shvedov in Russia a climatologist. Today the spectrum is even broader. Many den drochronologists are authorities in mathematics, archeology, history, forestry, botany, wood technology, ecology geography, geology, etc. It is, therefore, understandable that it has become almost impossible for one individual to encompass the entire field. Bitvinskas (1974), Fritts (1976), Schweingruber (1983), and Mitsutani (1990) have attempted, each guided by his own interests, to provide at least an overview of the field. Recently, individual aspects have been presented by groups of authors in books edited by Fletscher (1978), Hughes et al. (1982), Jacoby and Hornbeck (1987) and Bradley and Jones (1992). It is very likely that in the future summaries covering each branch of dendrochronology will be published.
Wood Structure And Environment
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Author : Fritz Hans Schweingruber
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2007-06-15
Wood Structure And Environment written by Fritz Hans Schweingruber and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2007-06-15 with Technology & Engineering categories.
The primary aim of Wood Structure and Environment is to reveal the hidden ecological richness in stems and roots from trees, shrubs and herbs. The detailed, lucid text will inspire researchers to consider the anatomic microcosm of wood plants and use it as a retrospective source of information, solving problems related to ecophysiology, competition, site conditions, population biology, earth science, wood quality and even human history.
Tree Rings
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Author : Fritz Hans Schweingruber
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2012-12-06
Tree Rings written by Fritz Hans Schweingruber and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-06 with Science categories.
At a meeting of dendrochronologists an American colleague described the effects of volcanic eruptions on annual ring formation in bristlecone pines. I knew very little about either volcanoes or American pines! At the same meeting European scientists spoke on the dendrochronological dating of lakeshore settlements and the effects of larch bud moth attack on trees in the Alps. It is possible that American participants were not in a position to fully appreciate these papers either. In other words, dendrochronology is an extremely interdisciplinary science; its facets range from modern statistics on wood anatomy to the history of art. It is difficult even for dendrochronol ogists to keep in touch with the whole spectrum, and even more difficult for the layman to obtain an overall view of the many methods and fields of application. In recent times specialisation has begun to hinder communication be tween the various sectors. Archaeologists, for instance, set up their own dendrochronological laboratories and construct independent chronologies to serve their particular interests. The scientific institutions which previously carried out such work are now turning more and more to strongly statistically or biologically-oriented questions. The full wealth of information contained in tree rings, however, will be revealed only when dendrochronologists make a concerted effort to relate the findings of the different fields. In spite of inevitable specialisation, it is necessary that the expert concern himself with the work of his colleagues.
Tree Rings And Climate
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Author : H Fritts
language : en
Publisher: Elsevier
Release Date : 2012-12-02
Tree Rings And Climate written by H Fritts and has been published by Elsevier this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2012-12-02 with Science categories.
Tree Rings and Climate deals with the principles of dendrochronology, with emphasis on tree-ring studies involving climate-related problems. This book looks at the spatial and temporal variations in tree-ring growth and how they can be used to reconstruct past climate. Factors and conditions that appear most relevant to tree-ring research are highlighted. Comprised of nine chapters, this book opens with an overview of the basic biological facts and principles of tree growth, as well as the most important terms, principles, and concepts of dendrochronology. The discussion then shifts to the basic biology governing the response of ring width to variation in climate; systematic variations in the width and cell structure of annual tree rings; and the significance of tree growth and structure to dendroclimatology. The movement of materials and internal water relations of trees are also considered, along with photosynthesis, respiration, and the climatic and environmental system. Models of the growth-climate relationships as well as the basic statistics and methods of analysis of these relationships are described. The final chapter includes a general discussion of dendroclimatographic data and presents examples of statistical models that are useful for reconstructing spatial variations in climate. This monograph will be of interest to climatologists, college students, and practitioners in fields such as botany, archaeology, hydrology, oceanography, biology, physiology, forestry, and geophysics.
An Introduction To Tree Ring Dating
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Author : Marvin A. Stokes
language : en
Publisher: University of Arizona Press
Release Date : 1996-10
An Introduction To Tree Ring Dating written by Marvin A. Stokes and has been published by University of Arizona Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996-10 with Science categories.
Tree-ring dating, or dendrochronology, is the study of the chronological sequence of annual growth rings in trees. This book--a seminal study in its field--provides a simple yet eloquent introduction to the discipline, explaining what a dendrochronologist does both in the field and in the laboratory. Authors Stokes and Smiley first explain the basic principles of tree-ring dating, then describe details of the process, step by step, from the time a sample is collected until it is incorporated into a master chronology. The book focuses on coniferous evergreens of the Southwest, particularly pi–ons, because they have wide geographic distribution, constitute a large population, and show excellent growth response to certain controlling factors. The book is specifically concerned with the task of establishing a calendar date for a wood or charcoal specimen. This concise but thorough explication of an important discipline will make dendrochonology more meaningful to students and professionals in archaeology, forestry, hydrology, and global change.
Fundamentals Of Tree Ring Research
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Author : James H. Speer
language : en
Publisher: University of Arizona Press
Release Date : 2010-05-15
Fundamentals Of Tree Ring Research written by James H. Speer and has been published by University of Arizona Press this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2010-05-15 with Social Science categories.
Although there are other scientific means of dating climatic and environmental events, dendrochronology provides the most reliable of all palaeorecords. This comprehensive text addresses all of the subjects that a reader who is new to the field will need to know and will be a welcome reference for practitioners at all levels. It includes a history of the discipline, biological and ecological background, principles of the field, basic scientific information on the structure and growth of trees, the complete range of dendrochronology methods, and a full description of each of the relevant subdisciplines.
Methods Of Dendrochronology
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Author : E.R. Cook
language : en
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
Release Date : 2013-11-11
Methods Of Dendrochronology written by E.R. Cook and has been published by Springer Science & Business Media this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2013-11-11 with Science categories.
This book is a review and description of the state-of-the-art methods of tree-ring analy~is with specific emphasis on applications in the environmental sciences. Traditionally, methods of tree-ring analysis, or more properly in this case methods 0/ dendrochronology, were developed and used for dating archaeological and historical structures and for reconstructing past climates. The classic book Tree Rings and Climate, by H.C. Fritts, published in 1976, provided a superb introduction to the science and an in-depth description of techniques useful for extracting climatic information from tree rings. This book, which was published by Academic Press, is sadly out of print and, even though only 12 years old, lim ited in its methods and applications. This is owing to the extremely rapid development of the science since the 1970s. Only recently have tree rings as environmental sensors been fully recog nized as a valuable tool in detecting environmental change. For example, tree ring measurements have been critically important in studies of forest decline in Europe and North America. There are also attempts to use tree-ring analysis for ecological prognosis to solve large-scale regional problems including the sustain ability of water supplies, prediction of agricultural crops, and adoption of silvi cultural measures in response to ecological changes. More speculatively, dendro chronological methods are also used for dating and evaluating some astrophysical phenomena and for indicating possible increase in the biospheric carrying capac ity due to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Tree Rings
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Author : Richard L. Phipps
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1993
Tree Rings written by Richard L. Phipps and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1993 with Dendrochronology categories.
Tree Ring Analysis Of Environmental Change
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Author : Franco Biondi
language : en
Publisher: Springer
Release Date : 2014-09-01
Tree Ring Analysis Of Environmental Change written by Franco Biondi and has been published by Springer this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 2014-09-01 with Science categories.
The work is presented in three parts, Part 1 providing the basis of dendrochronology as a science, introducing the reader to the details of tree and wood anatomy, followed by a brief history of the discipline, emphasising the importance of cross-dating for the development of tree-ring chronologies. This section is completed with a conceptual model of environmental signals that are embedded in wood growth at individual and population level, including a discussion essential for interpretation. Part 2 focuses on the various tools used for dendrochonological studies of environmental change, specified with measurements, including width, density and composition of tree-rings. This is followed by a description of analytical methods in the spatial domain which can be applied to tree-ring networks. Finally, there will be a summary of multivariate techniques used for reconstructing environment changes. The third and final part of the book will detail the four major applications of dendrochronology, including reconstruction of climatic factors that are reflected in wood increment from year to year, dating of abrupt events that leave permanent scars in the wood, dating of archaeological materials, both directly and indirectly, and finally the calibration of the radio-carbon timescale over the last 10,000 years. Case studies and an extensive bibliography are provided, as well as an assessment of where the areas of greatest potential research lie in the future.
Tree Rings And Environment Dendroecology
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Author : Fritz Hans Schweingruber
language : en
Publisher:
Release Date : 1996
Tree Rings And Environment Dendroecology written by Fritz Hans Schweingruber and has been published by this book supported file pdf, txt, epub, kindle and other format this book has been release on 1996 with Dendrochronology categories.
Autoökologie, Lebensformen, Ökologie, Ökomorphologie.